Deep Savings: Using Case Studies in Our Search for Success
Find Sources and learn from Case Study results already gathered on Best practices and Measured Performance.
2. Agenda
Cathy Higgins 15
Topic Who Minutes
Welcome & Overview
DOE National Renewable Energy Shanti Pless 20
Work and Project Stories
Lab
New Buildings Institute Cathy Higgins 20
Rocky Mountain Institute Mike Bendewald 20
& Victor Olgyay
Closing and Q & A All 15
Deep Savings Webinar 6/30/2011
3. Overview
The Market
Measurement
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4. The Market -
policies, priorities &
trends
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5. Drivers
EISA 2007
Outcome-based
Codes
California Zero Net Energy Action Plan
Deep Savings Webinar 6/30/2011
14. U.S. Commercial Non-Mall Buildings by Size
80%
% of Bldgs % of Sq. Ft. % of Energy Use
70%
Buildings under 50,000 SF are:
60% • 95% of the buildings
• 50% of the square footage
50% • 45% of Energy Use
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Source: Data from Energy Information Administration Commercial Building
Deep Savings Webinar 6/30/2011 End-Use Consumption Survey (CBECS) 2003.
15. Amount of U.S. Commercial
Floor Space by Building Type
Source: Data from Energy Information Administration Commercial Building End-Use Consumption Survey (CBECS) 2003.
Deep Savings Webinar 6/30/2011
16. Total Commercial Energy Use by Building Type
Non-Mall
Retail
Public
7%
Assembly Office
8% 24%
Food Service
9%
Warehouse
10%
Education
18%
Lodging
11%
Health Care
13%
Source: Data from Energy Information Administration Commercial Building End-Use Consumption Survey (CBECS) 2003.
Deep Savings Webinar 6/30/2011
17. RMI Deep Retrofit Needs Assessment
1. Financing: none available
2. Risk/litigation: never done it before; don’t want to reduce
installed cooling capacity, don’t want to force on tenants, etc.
3. Business case: rapid building turnover; more compelling
alternative investments, etc. Value of energy efficiency
4. First cost: cost of technologies and of services, etc.
5. Split incentives: tenant/landlord; costs of sub-metering, etc.
6. Retrofit process: time-consuming phases; non-standardized
analysis/audit procedures; difficult to engage all stakeholders
7. Design: few capable engineers; cream-skimming habits; no
incentives to maximize savings, etc.
8. Awareness and demand: uncertain tenant demand for
energy efficiency, etc.
Source: RMI’s Industry Needs Assessment, Pike’s Research, Q3 2010
Bold = Areas helped through Case Studies 17
Deep Savings Webinar 6/30/2011
18. Labels and Ratings Matter
CHANGING MOTIVES FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY:
Cost, incentives, public image top the list
Source: Johnson Controls Inc., Energy Efficiency Indicator 2011 Global Results
Deep Savings Webinar 6/30/2011
19. Advancing technologies change opportunities
Those who have implemented smart grid/building technology are 2.5 times
more likely to review data frequently
U.S. respondents say smart building and lighting technology will see greatest
increase in market adoption in next decade.
Deep Savings Webinar 6/30/2011 Source: Johnson Controls Inc., Energy Efficiency Indicator 2011 Global Results
20. Business Rationale
• First mover benefit
• Early Absorption
• Differentiation
• Biz Operations
– Operating Costs: Genzyme -42%
– Productivity: up to 15%
improvement
– Absenteeism: Toyota -14%
– Turnover: PNC -50%
• Capture Incentives
Source: www.greenbuildingservices.com
20
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22. What about data?
• ~ 5 million commercial buildings
nationwide
5 Million
• 100,000 using Energy Star
Portfolio Manager
• 10,000 Energy Star Labeled,
10,000 LEED buildings, DOE’s High
Performance Database, Better
Bricks Database, AIA COTE
Awards , NBI’s GT50 data, utility
100 thousand using Portfolio Manager programs – est. 25,000 +/-
25 thousand E.S./LEED labeled etc. High Performance Buildings
Deep Savings Webinar 6/30/2011
23. Where’s the recent data?
2010 4.8 million commercial buildings nationwide
2007 122 in NBI’s 2008 LEED study - Constructed after 2000
Energy measured 2006 – 2007
2,790 in CEUS 2006 database
2003 5,200 observations in the 2003 CBECS database
Only 410 for 2000-2003 construction - Energy Measured in 2003
The National Institute for Building Science (NIBS), along with ASHRAE and AIA plus partners, are
leading a national public effort to address the data collection gap.
July 18th forum.
• CBECS 2007 delayed significantly and then discarded due to statistical problems
• CBECS 2011 is being discarded due to EIA Lower FY 2011 funding levels.
• CBECS 2012 is the next planned survey… release date will be…TBD
Deep Savings Webinar 6/30/2011
24. Compared to What?
Better
Nat. avg. Office
EUI (CBECS)
Portfolio Mgr. EUI
Lower your
expectations…Zero Case Study: The Best practice
Beardmore EUI existing building
Net Energy (ZNE)
(ZNE…)
Energy Information Administration Commercial Building End-Use Consumption Survey (CBECS) 2003.
Energy Star Portfolio Manager calculates an EUI for a building based on like building types, climate, size,
occupancy and loads
zEPI - Based on AEC / Charles Eley’s Beyond Percent Savings
Deep Savings Webinar 6/30/2011
25. Absolute matters Absolutely
180
160
140
Measured EUI (kbtu/sf)
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
"The Barn" Certified Silver Gold Platinum
NBI Study of the measured performance of 100 LEED buildings.
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26. NREL – Shanti Pless
Deep Savings Webinar 6/30/2011 Separate presentation available
27. New Buildings
Institute
Deep Savings in Existing Buildings
Webinar June 30, 2011
Cathy Higgins
Program Director
higgins@newbuildings.org
30. NBI Current Related Work
1. First View
2. Office of the Future
Consortium
3. PIER – Evidence-based
Design and Operations
4. Measured Performance
and Getting to 50
Deep Savings Webinar 6/30/2011
32. 2) Office of the Future (OTF) Consortium
A group of utilities with progressive energy efficiency programs that are
working together to improve the quality and energy performance of the built
environment in existing, multi-tenant commercial offices.
Multi-measure, plug loads, metering
Managed by:
Deep Savings Webinar 6/30/2011
and
33. 3) Evidence-based Design & Operations
• Document performance of a set
of California high performance
buildings
• Identify critical performance
indicators
• Develop communication
• 22 buildings energy packages for designers, owners,
performance assessed through and operators, explaining their
First View and interviews roles in performance.
• 12 of those buildings through
site visits and interviews
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34. 4) Measured Performance and Getting to 50
• GT50 High Performance
Buildings Portal
• Case Studies
• Research Studies
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39. Case Study
AVENTINE – GLENBOROUGH | La Jolla, CA
• Multi-Tenant Office
• 10-Story, 210,000 sf
• Constructed in 1989
• 2008 –2010 Retrofits:
• All electric, no gas, extensive
HVAC, lighting & cool roof
retrofits
• EUI: 37 kBtu/sf/yr
• Energy Star Rating: 100
• Owner: Glenborough, LLC
Deep Savings Webinar 6/30/2011
40. JBDG Office Building | Seattle, WA Case Study
• Owner occupied Office
• 2-Story, 8,000 sf
• Constructed in 1984
• Retrofit Ongoing
• EUI: 36 kBtu/sf/yr
• Energy Star Rating: 94
• EPA Small Business Innovation
Award Credit: Steve Allwine
• Owner: JBGD, Inc,
Deep Savings Webinar 6/30/2011
41. JBDG Office Building | Seattle, WA
Efficiency Measures
• High-efficiency HVAC
heat pump
• Heat recovery
• Sealed and caulked
existing windows
• Lighting upgrade to Nat. avg. EUI
T5 fixtures
Pre-retrofit
• Daylighting controls EUI
• Occupancy sensors Portfolio Mgr. EUI
• Energy management JBDG EUI Best practice
existing building
monitoring system
Deep Savings Webinar 6/30/2011
42. JBDG Office Building | Seattle, WA
Business Context
• Total project cost: $31/
sq ft
• Focused on upgrades
with a payback of 5-6
years
• Reduced annual
operating costs by
$3,840
• Demonstrate energy Credit: Steve Allwine
efficiency design
strategies for clients
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43. Case Study
The Beardmore Building | Priest River, ID
• Multi-Tenant Office
• 2-Story, 28,800 sf
• Constructed in 1922
• Retrofit 2006 – 2008
• EUI: 32 kBtu/sf/yr
• Energy Star Rating: 90
• LEED Gold and National
Historic Registry
“sparked new economic life into the community, giving it a renewed
sense of pride and entrepreneurial spirit. “ Brian Runberg, Owner
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44. The Beardmore Building | Priest River, ID Case Study
Nat. avg.
Office EUI
(CBECS)
Portfolio Mgr. EUI*
Beardmore EUI Best practice
existing building
*Energy Star Portfolio Manager calculates an EUI for a building
Deep Savings Webinar 6/30/2011building types, climate, size, occupancy and loads
based on like
45. Case Study
The Beardmore Building | Priest River, ID
BUSINESS CONTEXT
• Complete rebuild $105/sf*
• ~ $25,000 yr. energy savings
• Applied cost/benefit analysis
to energy measures
• Rents average ~ 35% higher
than other local properties.
“The initial investment has proven itself to be
financially prudent, with substantially lower
operation costs, greater lasting quality, and a
healthy environment for its users. Equally
important is the preservation of an important
historic landmark...”
Brian Runberg, Owner
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*after tax credits and incentives
46. The Vance Building | Seattle, WA Case Study
• Multi-Tenant Office
• 14-Story, 134,000 sf
• Constructed in 1929
• Retrofit 2007
• EUI: 39 kBtu/sf/yr
• Energy Star Rating: 98
• LEED EB Gold and AIA Seattle 2009
Top 10 Awards
• Owner: Rose Smart Growth
Investment Fund
“In ten years every building will either be a
Brown building or a Green Building.”
Credit: William Wright Photography
Jonathan Rose, March 2011
Deep Savings Webinar 6/30/2011
47. The Vance Building | Seattle, WA
Efficiency Measures
• Removed ducted
heating systems
• Recalibrated steam
heating system
• Localized thermostats
• Operable windows
Portfolio Mgr. EUI
• Automated
sunshades Nat. avg. EUI
• Lighting retrofit with
automated controls
• Light shelves Pre-retrofit
• CO2 sensors EUI
• Re-commissioning Vance EUI
Best practice
existing building
Deep Savings Webinar 6/30/2011
48. The Vance Building | Seattle, WA
Business Context
• Building occupied during
renovation
• Improvement cost: $26/sq ft
• Increased occupancy by 26%
since renovation
• Created TI guidelines for
tenant retrofits to guide
design decisions for
Credit: Lara Swimmer
daylighting, ventilation, and
finishes.
“Vance’s original, historic design attributes, such as terrazzo floors, high ceilings,
operable windows and floor plans designed to maximize natural light, not only have
great character but also have inherent environmentally sensitive qualities. We sought to
uncover and restore these attributes while incorporating modern, energy efficient green
improvements.” – Nathan Taft, Jonathan Rose Companies
Deep Savings Webinar 6/30/2011
49. The Alliance Center | Denver, CO Case Study
• Multi-Tenant nonprofit Office
• 6-Story, 38,800 sf
• Constructed in 1908
• Retrofit 2006
• EUI: 42 kBtu/sf/yr
• Energy Star Rating: 85
• LEED EB Gold, LEED CI Silver,
Energy Star Leader and Colorado
Energy Champion Award
• Owner: Alliance for Sustainable
Colorado Credit: Alliance for Sustainable Colorado
Deep Savings Webinar 6/30/2011
50. The Alliance Center | Denver, CO
Efficiency Measures
• Direct Digital HVAC Control
system
• Occupancy sensors
• Photocells for daylight
harvesting (fifth floor only)
• High-Efficiency glazing
• Commissioning
• T8 fixtures with dimmable
ballasts Nat. avg. EUI
• Commissioning
• Photovoltaics Portfolio Mgr. EUI
• Translucent Wall Panels
• Increased insulation Alliance
• Sun Shades (sixth floor only) Center EUI Best practice
• Un-refrigerated water existing building
fountains
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51. The Alliance Center | Denver, CO
Business Context
• Total project cost:
$3.07/sq ft
• Average annual energy
savings: $8,800
• 35 tenants focused on
advancing sustainability
• Serves as a public
demonstration project for
advanced design Credit: Slaterpaull Architects
strategies
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52. Case Study
Glumac Engineering
• First OTF/AEO pilot
submitting data on
installed energy
performance
• Irvine, CA
• 8,328 SF
• 35 employees
• SCE Utility
Office of the Future
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53. Glumac
• Irvine, CA
• 8,762 SF
• Tenant Improvement
• Open office
• Private offices
• Conference room
• Kitchen & lobby areas
• January 2010
occupancy
Deep Savings Webinar 6/30/2011
54. Glumac Lighting Calculations
• Title 24 – 2005 Energy Calculations
Code Allowance 9,828 W 1.18 W/SF
Connected 7,039 W 0.85 W/SF Operating at
0.2-0.3W/SF
Control Credit 5,526 W 0.66 W/SF during occupied
hours
• Cost - hard costs only
– $9.25/SF for equipment and installation
– Does not include design
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55. UC Merced – GT 50 Case Study of M.P.
Campus Plant
Classroom and Office – 103,006 gsf Science & Engineering I Study August 2010gsf
ACEEE Summer – 236,989
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56. All-Systems Analysis with Actual Traditional
Traditional Analysis: Prescribed
Operating Conditions and Loads Standards-Based Analysis
Schedule and Load Assumptions
100
Savings-By Design Baseline (96)
1999 UC/CSU Benchmark (71)
(61) 2001 Title 24 Baseline
Goal (80% of Benchmark) (57)
2007-08 Measured at Plant (46)
2007-08 Measured at Building (44)
Predicted vs. Benchmark (37) (31) Predicted vs. Title 24
0
Site Energy Intensity kBtu/year/gsf
Deep Savings Webinar 6/30/2011 Source: Karl Brown, CIEE and NBI GT50 Case Study
57. GBS Examples of Realized Savings
• Seattle Biomedical Research Institute
– 35% energy reduction - $43,400 annual savings
• Alcyone Apartments, Seattle, WA
– 30% energy reduction –$80,000 annual savings
• 9th & Stewart Life Sciences Building, Seattle, WA
– 27% energy reduction for core & shell – $17,650 annual
savings
• Puget Sound Energy Corporate Headquarters, Bellevue, WA
– 199,431 kWh or $10,000 annual energy savings
• Gerding/Edlen Development Company, Brewery Block 4,
Portland, OR
– 21.5% energy savings - $58,700 annually
Source: www.greenbuildingservices.com
57
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58. Average
Bottom
Line
Savings
GREEN INPROVEMENTS PAY FOR THEMSELVES IN
3
YEARS
The William and
Flora Hewlett
Foundation (ANNUAL RETURN ON INVESTMENT IS 25-40%)
Menlo Park CA
LEED Gold
Source: USGBC online slides referencing a CA Study 58
Deep Savings Webinar 6/30/2011
60. EXISTING BUILDINGS
EXAMPLES OF DEEP ENERGY SAVINGS
NBI Research Report for the Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance
50 existing buildings with savings in the 30% to 80% range.
12 New Case Studies this summer
Deep Savings Webinar 6/30/2011
61. DEEP ENERGY SAVINGS IN
EXISTING BUILDINGS
• NBI Contacted 47 organization/firms
• Researched 28 leading industry websites
• Reviewed over 500 case studies
• Identified 50 Existing building projects
– 45 Renovations
– 4 Equipment upgrades/retrofits/remodels
– 1 Tenant improvement
• Very Difficult to get data:
• Energy bills
• Measure Descriptions (definition barriers)
• Cost Information
Deep Savings Webinar 6/30/2011 • Occupant satisfaction
62. Case Study Sites
• The other 17 websites included: e-bids, e-Bids, AIA COTE – National, NEEP Schools Case Study
Database, Green Star, CoStar, Green Building Assoc. of Central PA, Building Perf. Evaluation –
Rutgers, City Of Portland, City of Seattle, USGBC Case Studies, NEEA/Better Bricks, Architectural
Lighting, BOMA 360 Buildings, CA Green Building Directory, Wisconsin Green Building Alliance,
Climate Works Foundation, Northern CA Chapter USGBC.
• Additional projects found from NBI Research Projects, A & E firms, Contractors and Utility
Programs
Deep Savings Webinar 6/30/2011
63. EXISTING BUILDINGS
Number of Energy Conservation Measures
30
Most buildings found in the search
25
were Offices or Office/mixed retail
Number of Projects
20
4 Measures
15 3 Measures
2 Measures
10
5
0
Deep Savings Webinar 6/30/2011
64. EXISTING BUILDINGS
Energy Conservation Measures
50
45
40
HVAC Measures
35 Lighting Measures (incl.
Number of Projects
daylighting)
30
Daylighting Measures
25
Building Controls
20
Envelope Upgrade
15
Add Renewable Energy
10
5
0
Deep Savings Webinar 6/30/2011
65. Why did we find mostly “Renewals”*
* “renewals”, “major renovations”, “whole building upgrades” all denote that the building had significant
changes to the interior, structure and/or activity type in addition to efficiency measure improvements.
– Real Estate Industry is Repositioning Assets
– Improving existing buildings is the best value now
– Where deepest savings are more likely to occur
– More public and ‘green firms’ continuing to
renovate buildings during the economic downturn
– Larger scopes are more likely to be documented
– Single measure or ‘shallow’ retrofits are less likely
to be found in a search (more contractor driven)
Deep Savings Webinar 6/30/2011
66. Digging into buildings and data
• Best of Best – advanced mechanical, daylighting,
advanced controls, natural ventilation plus pay
attention
• Worst of Best – usually no clue that building not
performing, mostly operational issues, occasionally
design or construction; Cx post occupancy should fix
most
• Ongoing measured performance of buildings is critical
– Metering and monitoring
Deep Savings Webinar 6/30/2011
67. Cross-Cutting Themes
• Integrated design is more critical to the development of
low/zero-energy buildings than is any given technology.
• Moving beyond design and construction into operations, plug
loads, process energy and other “unregulated loads” is a
critical step.
• There is need for a consistent, long-term metric to measure
the performance of buildings and policy, such as the Zero
Energy Performance Index (zEPI).
• More measured performance data at the case-study level,
and at the system level to support owner and private
financing.
Deep Savings Webinar 6/30/2011
69. What about zero-net energy buildings?
• About 20+ built in U.S.
• Documenting net zero
capable (i.e. less than 30
kBTUs site)
• Except for NREL, mostly
small
• All the basics plus very
IDEAZ Z2 | San Jose, CA efficient HVAC,
daylighting, natural
ventilation, heat recovery
and design
NREL Research Support Facility (RSF)
• 50+ projects under
design/ construction, e.g.
Living Building Challenge,
Savings by Design, Energy
Trust of Oregon
NBI study – to be released soon
Deep Savings Webinar 6/30/2011
70. NBI Research Database
• Consolidated data repository from all NBI whole-
building performance projects
– Facilitates current and future research
– Supports cross-cutting analyses
– Supports peer group / benchmark determination
Deep Savings Webinar 6/30/2011
71. First View Pilot of
Public User Interface
and Automated Interpretations
4.0 4.0 4.0
Heat-G Heat-G Heat-G
3.5 3.5 3.5
Average Hourly Usage, W/sf
Average Hourly Usage, W/sf
Average Hourly Usage, W/sf
3.0 Heat-E 3.0 Heat-E 3.0 Heat-E
2.5 2.5 2.5
Cool-E Cool-E Cool-E
2.0 2.0 2.0
1.5 1.5 1.5
DHW (E
DHW (E DHW (E
1.0 or G)
1.0 or G) 1.0 or G)
0.5 Int+Ext
0.5 Int+Ext 0.5 Int+Ext
Gain
Gain 0.0 Gain
0.0 0.0
35 45 55 65 45 55 65 75 35 45 55 65
Ref: 11 Ref: 112 Ref: 8
Mean Monthly Temperature, deg F Mean Monthly Temperature, deg F Mean Monthly Temperature, deg F
• Very low occupant loads • Low occupant loads • Low occupant loads
• Efficient shell and • Efficient shell, ventilation • Inefficient shell, ventilation
ventilation • Inefficient cooling • Possible solar gain
• Heating control inefficiency influence
Deep Savings Webinar 6/30/2011
72. First View and Comparative Measured Performance
180
160
140
120
Actual E U I
100
80
67.4 61.7
60
51.2
40
20
0 Your Building’s
Certified Silver Gold-Platinum EUI
Owners and Designers want to know how
their projects perform compared to others.
This graph shows Actual Energy Use Intensity (EUI)
by LEED Level
(from 2007 NBI LEED study)
Deep Savings Webinar 6/30/2011
74. Case Study Commonalities
Market Money Integrate
Mission Driven
Awareness Matters Technologies
• Owners • Green Firms • Assess the • Controls
• Leaders • Non-Profits full Value • Daylighting
• High Profile • Corporate • Trade offs • Monitoring
• Trends Leaders possible • Plug Loads
• Policies • Passion • Go bigger,
• Fun lose less
• Future
Proofing • Visionary • Internal
Capital
• Document
• Ongoing Learning
• Share Stories (Self Promote)
Deep Savings Webinar 6/30/2011
75. How to move existing buildings
• Create and support innovative
technical solution sets that build
on the strengths of existing
buildings.
• Critical need for new financial
tools that can support deep
savings (40% to 60%)
• Move from widget based efforts to
integrated system based efforts
with enhanced controls.
• Provide like examples of projects.
Deep Savings Webinar 6/30/2011
76. RMI – Michael Bendewald & Victor Olgyay
Separate presentation available
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78. Related Work on Existing Buildings (1)
• DOE commercial Building Initiative (and High Performance Buildings Database)
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/commercial_initiative
• Zero Energy Commercial Buildings Consortium www.zeroenergycbc.org
• EPA ENERGY STAR® www.energystar.gov
– Battle of the Buildings www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=buildingcontest.index
– Portfolio Manager www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=evaluate_performance.bus_portfoliomanager
• USGBC LEED® Existing Building Operations & Management (EBOM) www.usgbc.org/LEED
• Urban Land Institute “Lessen” www.less-en.org
• NEEA BetterBricks Existing Buildings Renewal Initiative
www.neea.org/ourwork/commercial.aspx
• Lawrence Berkeley National Lab Energy IQ Benchmark tool www.energyiq.lbl.gov
79. Related Work on Existing Buildings (2)
• BOMA www.boma.org
– 7-Point Challenge, BOMA 360® , Building Energy Efficient Programs (BEEP), Experience Exchange
Report
– Kilowatt Crackdown www.kilowattcrackdown.betterbricks.com
• Green Globes www.greenglobes.com
• AIA: 2030 Commitment and Sustainability 2030 Toolkit www.aia.org
• ASHRAE Building EQ Labeling Pilot www.buildingeq.com
• National Institute for Building Science (NIBS)
www.nibs.org/index.php/nibs/newsevents/news/Entry/hearing_cbd
• Institute for Market Transformation and Natural Resources Defense Council
BuildingRating.org www.buildingrating.org
• National Association of Energy Service Companies (NAESCO) www.naesco.org
80. Related Work on Existing Buildings (3)
• RMI Retrofit Depot www.retrofitdepot.org
• New Buildings Institute Measured Performance and Getting to 50 database
www.newbuildings.org
• NREL Open Studio http://openstudio.nrel.gov/energy-modeling-retrofit-projects
• California Strategic Energy Efficiency and Zero Energy Commercial Action Plans
www.cpuc.ca.gov/PUC/energy/Energy+Efficiency/eesp
• Institute for Building Energy Efficiency www.institutebe.com (Johnson Controls, Inc.)
• Utility programs – check with your provider of energy
• Case Studies Sites – listed on NBI slide within the presentation
There are many more public and private efforts working to improve the energy efficiency of
existing buildings, this is not intended as a complete list but many sites will link to further
resources.
81. Q& A / Thank you
Share your Projects @:
www.newbuildings.org/advanced-design/getting-50-beyond
Cathy Higgins – Program Director
higgins@newbuildings.org
Mike Bendewald – Analyst
mbendewald@rmi.org
Victor Olgyay – Principal
volgyay@rmi.org
Shanti Pless – Sr. Research Engineer
shanti.pless@nrel.gov
Deep Savings Webinar 6/30/2011