C++ Memory Management Techniques - Const, Stack, Heap, References vs Pointers

Memory Management in C++ Advanced techniques and idioms -ShriKant Vashishtha

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Distinct Memory areas in C++ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Distinct Memory areas in C++ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Pointers Vs References ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Pointers Vs References ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Pointers Vs References ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Conclusions: Pointers Vs References ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Conclusions: Pointers Vs References ,[object Object],[object Object]

Conclusions: Pointers Vs References ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

‘new’ operator ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

‘ new’ operator Vs operator new ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

‘ new’ operator Vs operator new ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

‘ new’ operator Vs operator new ,[object Object]

Placement new ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Placement new ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Summary: new operator Vs operator new Vs placement new ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The C++ Object Model ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Float_x ---------------------- __vptr__Point --------------------- --------------------- Point::~Point() Point::print(ostream &) static int Point:: _point_count static int Point::PointCount() Point pt; Virtual table for Point type_info for Point Point:: Point(float) Float Point::x()

The C++ Object Model ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

C++ Object Model: Evaluation ,[object Object],[object Object]

C++ Object Model: Inheritance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The most compact and the most efficient access of base class data members Drawback: Any change to data members requires recompiling

C++ Object Model: Object Mechanics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],expand X * px = new X 1. construct _result 2. result replaces local xx expand xx.foo(): suppress virtual mechanics expand px->foo() using virtual mechanics expand delete px;

The type of a Pointer ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Can only hold an address and not actually operate on the object it addresses

Object deletion and Memory deallocation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Object deletion and Memory deallocation ,[object Object]

Object deletion and Memory deallocation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

operator delete function ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

C++ equivalent of malloc-free ,[object Object],[object Object]

Arrays ,[object Object],[object Object]

Why overload new/delete operator? ,[object Object]

Common memory problems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Common memory problems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Common memory problems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Common memory problems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Common memory problems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Problems with Pointer ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Solutions to the problems with Pointers

Use Destructors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Read animal info from istream object and return a pointer to the object of appropriate ALA type Can lead to resource leak in exceptional conditions.

Use Destructors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Use Destructors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Save ptr to object delete ptr to object

Smart Pointers(auto_ptr template) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Save ptr to object delete ptr to object

C++ Memory Management Techniques - Const, Stack, Heap, References vs Pointers

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C++ Memory Management Techniques - Const, Stack, Heap, References vs Pointers