This document summarizes three common instructional design models: the ADDIE model, the ARCS model, and the spiral model. The ADDIE model provides a step-by-step process of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The ARCS model focuses on gaining and sustaining learner motivation through gaining attention, demonstrating relevance, building confidence, and providing satisfaction. Finally, the spiral model combines prototyping and the ADDIE process through the iterative steps of defining requirements, designing, demonstrating, developing, and delivering instruction.

1. Instructional Design
for Dummies
A short course that explains the basics of Instructional Design
Session 5:
Instructional Design Models
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2. Topics
Below are the topics covered in this session:
The ADDIE Model
The ARCS Model
The Spiral Model (Rapid authoring )
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3. Objectives
After completing this session you will be able to:
Apply the following Instructional Design models to your learning
design:
The ADDIE Model
The ARCS Model
The Spiral Model (Rapid authoring )
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4. Topics
Below are the topics covered in this session:
The ADDIE Model
The ARCS Model
The Spiral Model (Rapid authoring )
Start

5. The ADDIE Model
Development Process
ADDIE
Analysis Design Develop Implement Implement
Evaluate
The ADDIE model provides a step-by-step process that helps instructional designers plan
and create training programs with a framework.
This is in order to make sure that their instructional products are effective and that their
processes are as efficient as they can possibly be.

6. Analysis
The aim of the ANALYSIS
stage is to determine
training needs and
Analysis produce a needs
assessment document.

7. Design
The aim of the design
phase is to develop a
blueprint of how the
finished product will look,
Design and to produce a
storyboard and flowchart
of the whole structure of
the finished product.

8. Develop
This phase involves the
programmers, graphic
artists, writers and
subject matter experts
Develop carrying out the
specifications in the
blueprint (storyboard).

9. Implement
The training system is put
in place and persons are
trained on how to use it.
Implement

10. Evaluate
Whether or not the
training solved the
original training problem
Evaluate What you can do to
improve the training

11. Topics
Below are the topics covered in this session:
The ADDIE Model
The ARCS Model
The Spiral Model (Rapid authoring )
Start

12. ARCS Model
According to John Keller’s ARCS Model of Motivational Design,
there are four steps for promoting and sustaining motivation in the
learning process
The steps are:

13. Attention
Perceptual Arousal
Gain and maintains student attention by the use of novel, surprising,
incongruous, or uncertain events in instruction
Inquiry Arousal
Stimulate information-seeking behavior by posing, or having the
learner generate, questions or a problem to solve
Variability
Maintain student interest by varying the elements of instruction

14. Relevance
Familiarity
Adapt instruction, use concrete language, use examples and concepts
that are related to the learner's experience and values to help them
integrate new knowledge
Goal Orientation
Provide statements or examples that present the objectives and utility
of the instruction, and either present goals for accomplishment or
have the learner define them
Motive Matching
Adapt by using teaching strategies that match the motive profiles of
the students

15. Confidence
Expectancy for Success
Make learners aware of performance requirements and evaluative
criteria
Challenge Setting
Provide multiple achievement levels that allow learners to set personal
goals or standards of accomplishment, and performance opportunities
that allow them to experience success
Attribution Molding
Provide feedback that supports student ability and effort as the
determinants of success

16. Satisfaction
Natural Consequences
Provide opportunities to use newly
acquired knowledge or skill in a real or
simulated setting
Positive Consequences
Provide feedback and reinforcements
that will sustain the desired behavior
Equity
Maintain consistent standards and
consequences for task

17. Topics
Below are the topics covered in this session:
The ADDIE Model
The ARCS Model
The Spiral Model (Rapid authoring )
Start

18. The Spiral Model
The spiral model was originally conceived as a software development
process
It combines elements of both design and prototyping-in-stages
This model of development combines the features of the prototyping
model and the ADDIE model

19. Steps
The process is divided into 5 steps:
Define
Deliver Design
Develop Demonstrate

20. Advantages of the Model
Estimates (i.e. budget, schedule, etc.) become more realistic as work
progresses, because important issues are discovered earlier
The model is designed to cope with the inevitable changes to the learning
experience that will happen over the course of design and delivery
Multimedia producers can get their hands in and start working on a
project earlier, and therefore shape the design process as well

21. Summary
In this session we learned that:
The ADDIE model provides a step-by-step process that helps instructional designers
plan and creates training programs with a framework
The steps are analysis, design, develop, implement and evaluate
According to John Keller’s ARCS Model of Motivational Design, there are four steps
for promoting and sustaining motivation in the learning process
The steps are attention, relevance, confidence and satisfaction
The Spiral Model, combines elements of both design and prototyping-in-stages
The steps are define, design, demonstrate, develop and deliver

22. Thank You
Shyamanta Baruah (Sam)
www.shyamantab.com
conversations@shyamantab.com