1. Presenter: Dr. Sabir Ahmed Chairperson: Dr. S.D. Kshirsagar

26. supratentorial adults % Children(<15yrs % Anaplastic astrocytoma 347 40 5 7 meningioma 134 15 - - Metastasis 105 12 - - astrocytoma 73 8 5 7 Pituitary adenoma 31 4 - - craneopharyngioma 13 1 9 13 oligodendroglioma 9 1 1 1 Colloid cyst 4 <1 - - lymphoma 2 <1 - - others 11 1 6 9

27. Infratentorial adults % Children % neuroma 50 6 - metastasis 39 4 - haemangioblastoma 17 2 - astrocytoma 12 1 19 27 meningioma 12 1 - medulloblastoma 6 <1 17 24 Dermoid/ epidermoid 3 <1 1 1 ependymoma 4 6 others 8 1 3 3

32. Frontal lobe function Impairment of frontal lobe function Precentral gyrus: motor cortex, contralateral movement- face arm trunk leg. Prefrontal gyrus:- monoplegia/ hemiplegia depending on the extent of damage Broca’s area: dominent hemisphere expressive centre for speech. Broca’s are:- broca’s dysphasia Supplimentary moter area: contralateral head and eye turning. Supplimentary motor area : paralysis of head and eye movement to opposite side. Head & eye turn towards diseased hemisphere Prefrontal area:- personality, initiative Prefrontal area:- change of personality with antisocial behaviour/loss of inhibition. Disturbance of gait- gait apraxia. 3 prefrontal syndrome- orbitofrontal syndrome, frontal convexity syndrome, medial frontal syndrome. Paracentral lobule:- cortical inhibition of bladder and bowel voiding Paracentral lobule:- incontinence of urine and faeces. Loss of cortical inhibition

34. Temporal lobe function Impairment of function Auditory cortex: dominant lobe: hearing of language no dominant lobe: hearing of sound, rhythm, music. Auditory cortex: dominant lobe: cortical deafness nondominant lobe: amusia Middle and inferior temporal gyri: - learning - memory Middle and inferior temporal gyri: - disturbance of –memory - learning - complex partial seizures - post ictal amnesia Limbic lobe: - sensation of olfaction - emotional/effective behaviour Limbic lobe: - olfactory hallucination with complex partial seizures - aggressive emotional behaviour - inability to establish new memories. Visual pathway: - deep in temporal lobe Visual pathway: upper homonymous quadranopiap

35. Occipital lobe function Impirement ofOccipital lobe function Visual cortex : striate cortex Visual cortex : homonymous hemianopia with sparing of macula Cortical blindness with preservation of light reflex. Visual cortex : parastriate cortex Visual cortex : parastriate cortex Balint syndrome: (BL parieto occipital lesion) inability to direct voluntary gage, associated with visual agnosia Visual illusion: micropsia- object appear smaller macropsia- object appear larger Prosapagnosia: ( occipito-temporal jn.) patient can see but cannot name familial face. Anton syndrome: involvement of both striate cortex & parastriate cortex impairment of vision patient unaware of visual loss