1. GPS By: Scott Laspe

2. Background Info First usages of Global Positioning Systems Military Navy 1967 (one update per hour) Air force 1972 Civilian not until 1996 Clinton allowed civilian signals

3. How GPS Works 24 satellites orbiting earth (11,000 miles) Determine locations through Triangulation Broadcast radio waves between each other Pinpoint Receiver location Time and Distance

4. Increase Popularity, Increasing Problems Garmin – TomTom – Magellan Affordable Flaws Availability Strength and Accuracy Security

5. My Solutions Availability (denial of service) Apply wireless networking principles Cell phone base station handoffs Security (signal encryption) Quantum Cryptography Strength and Accuracy (response time) Repeater

6. Availability Communication between satellites and antenna (receiver entering cell) Data packets received by antenna Antenna connected to wireless routers Efficiency/timely manner Leaving tunnel (cell) receiver establishes direct communication with satellite

7. Experiment/Success Real life test / Trial and Error Driving through a tunnel with a unit Clean handoff into new network Use newest IEEE 802.11n wireless networking standard Fastest data transfer and most bandwidth available

8. Security Key encryption – (eventually can be cracked) Quantum Cryptography – fiber optics Apply it to data transmission from satellite to receiver Military use sensitive information

9. Experiment/Success Implement a controlled session with an outsider trying to tap into connection (disrupt signal) IF successful one of several data communication channels should shut Preventing intruder to eavesdrop Heisenberg Uncertainty principle measures continuousness of a signal Measures momentum of signal and continuousness of signal. Values are based around Planck’s constant that determines if there is enough disruption in the signal

10. Strength and Accuracy Initialization period (warm boot/cold boot) Long time is a form of DoS Repeater device that can boost signal Maintain strength over long distance Improves accuracy of the units true location

11. Experiment/Success Before and After results would determine how successful my repeater theory is S/N ratio before the repeater and then after S/N Power of signal/Power of noise Percent change of before and after could tell me exactly how successful the experiment is New cold boot time vs old cold boot time

12. Closing GPS constantly evolving as technology advances Stronger military capabilities and more efficient emergency response programs Understand the world better Terrain Natural Resources