1. An overview of MIS evolution
CIRAD, INRA, MSU
J.Rakotoson, H. David-Benz, J. Egg,
F.Galtier, A. Kizito, YY.Shen
=
Ag. MIS in Africa – Renewal & Impact

2. CONTEXT
80’s – 90’s : 2 decades of fast development of MIS, in a context of
market liberalization
But the results appear disappointing (Bowbrick, 1988 ; Shepherd, 1997 ;
Egg et Galtier 1998 et 2003) :
• Information disseminated doesn't meet stockholders needs
• Financially unsustainable
• Lack of M&E tools and lack of reactivity
• Market functioning and specificities are not considered
A new generation of MIS emerge in 2000’s, in a changing environment :
NTIC, strengthening of farmers organizations, regional integration
policies
2

3. OBJECTIVES and METHODS
Objective : what are the main evolutions and
innovations i t d ’ MIS ?
i ti in today’s
3

4. Sources
• SIM inventory (77 MIS data base - 66% Africa, 18%
Asia, Lat. Am. 11%, Caribbean 4%, World 1%)
• Email survey (identification, main features,
evolution, constraints/solutions)
• Several reminders and revisions
=> 31 “clean” answers (mostly Africa : 94%)
• Additional information from literature and
web
4

5. Limitations
• Mostly descriptive (no indications about
effectiveness of the services provided)
• Preliminary results (some filled in
questionnaires received mid-March)
ti i i d id M h)
5

6. Methods
Evolution of the first generation of MIS (“1G”: 80’s & 90’s )
g ( ):
comparing their beginning / today’s situation
(“1G” terminology will be kept here to avoid confusion, even if they have
integrated many innovations)
Main features & innovations in today’s MIS :
comparing “1G” today / recent MIS (“2G” : 2000 s)
1G ( 2G 2000’s)
« artificial » chronological limit in 2000 ?
g
• necessity to set a limit to analyze evolution
• relevant considering changes in the environment (1st SIM using
Internet and mobile phone, regional integration policies…)
• MIS are influenced by their history
6

7. RESULTS
7

8. General mapping of MIS in Africa
RESIMAO INFOCOMM &
Afrique de INFOSHARE
l’Ouest
OMA Mali
AMASSA
SIARM
SIARM Mali
h l
PSA Sahel
Sénégal
SIM AcSSA Niger
SIM APROSSA
T2M Manobi Sénégal Burkina FAMIS
Sénégal
Soudan
TRADE AT
HAND Afrique SIMA Bétail EGTE ECX
SIPAG Guinée SIMA Niger Ethiopie
de l’Ouest Ethiopie
Niger
SIM OCPV SIM ATP INFOTRADE FOODNET
Côte d’Ivoire Ghana Ouganda
O d Ouganda
O d
KACE RATIN Afrique AMITSA Afrique
Légende : SIM ANOPACI
Kenya de l’Est de l’Est
Côte d’Ivoire
ACE
OdR
OdR
AMIC ZNFU 4455 Malawi
SIM régional / ZAMACE Madagascar
réseau de SIM Zambie Zambie Zambie
Bazar.Mada
Technoserve MIS
SIMA
Mozambique
SIM international Mozambique
SIEL
/
/Plateforme
Madagascar
M d
ESOKO
SIM
national
8

9. Geographical classification
g p
1G 2G Sub-total
National 13 13 26
Supranational 0 5 5
National MIS are most well spread
Few supranational : regional, network, World
We will focus on national MIS, as supranational ones are too
heterogeneous to be analyzed as a single type.
9

10. Main features and evolution
Focused on aspects that have been changing
significantly (or that are expected to have
changed)
Information collected and sources
Internal transmission and users diffusion
Other services provided
Monitoring and feed-back
Institutional home
Funding
10

11. Essential information collected (price & volume)
1G have extended the scope of prices and volumes collected.
More attention now on traded volume and stocks.
2 G appear more selective on the level of prices,
and are interested on volume as well. 11

12. Other information collected
1G : strong diversification of information collected
(supply/demand,
(supply/demand extension – production & market, costs, prevision
market costs
of harvest and prices, policies…)
Today strong heterogeneity among all the MIS (2 to 18
« other info. » collected). No clearly related to an other parameter.
12

13. Other service provided
Today
SIM provide today a limited number of services (apart from information).
Mostly related to training and extension.
Studies appear a specificity of 1G.
13

14. Sources and modes of internal transmission
Today
Avec les NTIC:
Most 1G have integrated NTIC (email - SMS), but still use classical
media of transmission (fax, phone, hand delivery, postal, radio).
2G rely mostly on NTIC, more specifically on SMS (seldom on traditionnal
media) 14

15. Modes of diffusion Today
Diversified means:
Email and Web are generalized
SMS well spread among 2G but much less among 1G
NTIC are note excluding more t diti
t l di traditional : l
l large scale di
l dissemination
i ti
means (radio) and analytical media (news-letter, news papers ) in both
15
categories of MIS

16. SE & feed-back
Today
Large panel of SE and feed-back tools
No significant difference between 1G and 2G
But no ex-post analysis of actual requests 16

17. Institutional home
1G : public sector home remains largely dominant
2 G : almost no public home.
Large diversity (projects and NGOs farmers/traders organizations
NGOs, organizations,
private firms)
Several mixed institutional home is common 17

18. Funding
Today
1G : public largely dominant and limited contribution of donors
(previously funded by project related to liberalization, they are now included in
government budget)
2G : rely mostly on donors (new SIM, benefiting from renewal of interest 18
towards MIS). Some (very marginal) contribution of users.

19. Discussion
What can be expected from these innovations ?
(in term of potential to improve efficiency)
Indicators of (potentiel) improvement of
Limits of 1G MIS
performances
Modes of diffusion (utility)
Lack of reliability and utility of Information collected (utility)
1
the information provided Modes of infernal transmission (reliability)
Quality control (reliability)
Lack of tools / methods of Feed-back devices (monitoring + adjustment
2
monitoring and evaluation capacity)
Lack f dj t
L k of adjustment capacity
t it Institutional h
I tit ti l home (i
(incentive t match users
ti to t h
3
(administrative management) needs)
Problem of durability (project
4 Funding (durability)
funded)
Market functioning insufficiently Other services (respond to non informational
5 titre de l'atelier - 28-31 mars 2010 19
considered constraints)

20. 1.1.
1 1 Adéquation offre / demande (f é
(fréquence, accessibilité,
ibilité
diversité)
Nette amélioration des modes de diffusion. Se modernisent sans
négliger les modes de diffusion traditionnels
traditionnels.
Innovation majeur via SMS : interactivité (information à la demande
de l’utilisateur)
Doit (potentiellement) permettre de transmettre rapidement,
à la demande, une information ciblée, tout en assurant une diffusion de
masse accessible à un très faible coût à un plus g
p grand nombre
1.2. Fiabilité
Risque d’erreur limité par l’
Ri d’ li ité l’usage d NTIC d
des dans l t
la transmission
i i
interne.
Différents formes de contrôle qualité et SE.
En cas de contribution des utilisateurs à l’approvisionnement du
l approvisionnement
système, risque de biais volontaire de l’information fournie.
20

21. 2. Feed-back, suivi-évaluation
Différentes f
Diffé t formes de SE sont mobilisées ( compris i li
d t bili é (y i impliquant l
t les
utilisateurs)
Mais de réelles évaluation d’impact manquent
3. Réactivité
De-fonctionnarisation, implication des OP et du privé devraient offrir des
conditions incitant davantage à répondre aux attentes des
4 . Durabilité
Non réglé (les nouveaux SIM sont financés surtout par bailleurs et la
contribution des usagers reste minime)
5.
5 Prise en compte du fonctionnements du marché
Très hétérogène.
Les cas de dispositifs les plus intégrés sont des projets (qui sont par
définition non durables )
durables…)
21