7. Republic in South America, situated in the northwestern part of the continent, and bounded on the north by Panama and the
Caribbean Sea, on the east by Venezuela and Brazil, on the south by Peru and Ecuador, and on the west by the Pacific
Ocean. The total land area of the country is 1,141,748 sq km (440,831 sq mi).
Capital
Bogotá
Flag
Colombia’s flag was adopted in 1861. Yellow represents the land, blue represents the ocean, and
red represents the blood spilled by patriots .
Languages Chief Economic Products
Agriculture
Official Language
Mining
Spanish Manufacturing
Other Languages
Major Exports
Native American languages Coffee, agricultural products (especially bananas, flowers,
and cotton), petroleum, coal, gold, emeralds, chemicals,
Currency textiles
Colombian peso
8. Republic in South America, bounded on the north by the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean, on the east by Guyana,
on the south by Brazil, and on the southwest and west by Colombia. The total area of Venezuela is 912,050 sq km
(352,144 sq mi).
Capital
Caracas
Flag
Yellow represents the land, blue represents the ocean, and red represents the blood of patriots. The seven stars
represent the seven Venezuelan provinces liberated from Spain in 1811.
Languages Chief Economic Products
Official Language
Spanish Agriculture
Other Languages Mining
Native American Manufacturing
languages
Major Exports
Currency Mineral products (especially
petroleum, aluminum, iron ore,
Bolívar and natural gas),
petrochemicals, agricultural
products, basic manufactures
9. Federal republic in southern South America, bounded on the north by Bolivia and Paraguay; on the east by Brazil, Uruguay,
and the Atlantic Ocean; on the south by the Atlantic Ocean and Chile; and on the west by Chile. The area of Argentina is
2,780,400 sq km (1,073,518 sq mi)
Capital
Buenos Aires
Flag
The emblem in the center of the Argentine flag is called the Sun of May. It represents the sun that shone on
the first demonstrations against Spanish rule in May 1810. Blue and white were the colors of the
demonstrators.
Chief Economic Products
Languages
Official Language Agriculture
Spanish Fishing
Other Languages Mining
Italian, Native American Manufacturing
languages
Major Exports
Meat, wheat, maize, oilseed, hides,
Currency
wool
Nuevo peso argentino
10. One of the world’s largest and most populous countries. It is the largest country in South America, occupying almost half
of the continent and extending from north of the equator to south of the Tropic of Capricorn. Its largest city is São
Paulo.The area of Brazil is 8,547,404 sq km (3,300,171 sq mi)
Capital
Brasília
Flag
Brazil’s flag was introduced after the country’s independence in 1822. In 1889 the royal arms were
replaced with an emblem of night sky in Rio de Janeiro on the night Brazil became a republic. The
emblem also includes the national motto, Ordem e Progresso (Order and Progress).
Chief Economic Products
Languages
Official Language Agriculture
Portuguese Fishing
Other Languages Mining
Native American languages, Manufacturing
German, Japanese, Italian
Major Exports
Currency Road vehicles and parts, coffee and
Real coffee substitutes, metals, feeding-stuff
for animals
11. Republic in southwestern South America, bounded on the north by Peru, on the east by Bolivia and Argentina, and on
the south and west by the Pacific Ocean. The country has a total area of 756,626 sq km (292,135 sq mi).
Capital
Santiago
Flag
The Chilean flag was adopted in 1818. The blue stands for the sky, the white for the snow of the Andes,
and the red for bravery and the blood of heroes. The white star symbolizes honor and progress.
Chief Economic Products
Languages
Official Language Agriculture
Spanish Fishing
Other Languages Mining
Araucanian, other Manufacturing
Native American
languages
Major Exports
Copper, fishmeal, fruits and
Currency vegetables, paper and paper
products, chemical products
Chilean peso
12. Federal republic on the continent of North America, consisting of 48 contiguous states and the noncontiguous states of Alaska
and Hawaii. The conterminous 48 states are bounded on the north by Canada, on the east by the Atlantic Ocean, on the south
by the Gulf of Mexico and Mexico, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean.
The total land area of the country is 9,158,918 sq km (3,536,278 sq mi).
Capital
Washington, D.C.
Flag
The flag represents the 13 original states with 13 alternating red and white stripes and 13 stars on a blue field.
The Congress assigned symbolic meanings to the colors: “White signifies Purity and Innocence; Red, Hardiness
and Valor; and Blue, Vigilance, Perseverance, and Justice.” The design was not standardized until 1912, and
many variations of the flag were common during the 19th century. The current flag dates from 1960, when a
50th star was added for Hawaii, the 50th state.
Chief Economic Products
Languages Agriculture
Official Language Fishing
None; English is predominant Mining
Other Languages Manufacturing
Spanish, many other minority languages
Major Exports
Currency Machinery, transportation equipment, electric and
electronic equipment, chemicals, precision instruments,
United States dollar
agricultural products, primary metal products
13. Federated country in North America, made up of ten provinces and two (soon to be three) territories.
The area of Canada is 9,970,610 sq km (3,848,674 sq mi)
Capital
Ottawa
Flag
The maple leaf is a national symbol of Canada. The red commemorates the blood shed by
Canadians during World War I (1914-1918), and the white represents snow. The flag first flew in
1965.
Languages Chief Economic Products
Official Languages Agriculture
English, French Forestry
Fishing
Currency Major Exports
Automobiles, trucks, motor vehicle parts, mineral fuels, machinery,
Canadian dollar wood products, paper, electrical equipment, wood pulp, aluminum
products, cereals.
14. .
Federal republic in North America Mexico is bordered by the United States on the north, the Pacific Ocean on the west, the
Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea on the east, and Guatemala and Belize on the south.Mexico covers an area of
1,964,382 sq km (758,452 sq mi).
Capital
Mexico City
Flag
The current Mexican flag was adopted in 1968, but it is Chief Economic Products
essentially the same tricolor first introduced in 1821. The coat
of arms, which was added in 1823, depicts an eagle eating a Agriculture
snake atop a cactus on an island in the middle of a lake. It Fishing
relates to an Aztec legend and to the site of Mexico City, Mining
which was built on the dry bed of Lake Texcoco. Manufacturing
Languages Major Exports
Official Language Crude petroleum, petroleum
Spanish products, coffee, silver,
Other Languages internal combustion engines,
Native American languages motor vehicles, cotton,
"Mexico," consumer electronics
Currency
Nuevo peso
15. Republic in northwestern South America, bounded by Colombia on the north, by Peru on the east and south, and by the
Pacific Ocean on the west. The country also includes the Galápagos Islands (Archipiélago de Colón) in the Pacific, about
965 km (about 600 mi) west of the mainland. Ecuador has an area of 272,045 sq km (105,037 sq mi).
Capital
Quito
Chief Economic Products
Agriculture
Flag
It is derived from the colors flown by freedom fighters when Forestry and Fishing
Spain ruled South America. Yellow represents the land, blue Mining
represents the ocean, and red represents the blood spilled by
patriots. Manufacturing
Energy
Languages
Spanish Major Exports
Many rural Native Americans speak Quechua earnings from food
products such as shrimp, cacao, and
coffee, sales of fuels, principally
Currency petroleum.
Sucre
16. Country in west central South America, bounded on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil and Bolivia, on the
south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean. The area of Peru, including several offshore islands, is 1,280,000 sq km
(494,200 sq mi).
Capital
Lima Chief Economic Products
Agriculture
Forestry and Fishing
Languages Mining
Manufacturing
Energy
Spanish
Quechua English
Major Exports
Aymará
petroleum, copper, lead, silver, fish
meal, zinc, coffee sugar, and iron ore.
Currency
Nuevo Sol
17. Republic in east central South America, second smallest country on the continent, bounded on the north by Brazil, on the
east by Brazil and the Atlantic Ocean, on the south by the Atlantic Ocean and the Río de la Plata, and on the west by
Argentina. The area of Uruguay is 176,215 sq km (68,037 sq mi).
Capital
Montevideo
Chief Economic Products
Agriculture
Forestry and Fishing
Languages
Spanish Mining and Manufacturing
Currency Major Exports
Textiles and textile products,
peso uruguayo
meats, fish, rice, and hides
18. Republic and largest nation in Central America. Called "the land of lakes and volcanoes,"
Nicaragua is bounded on the north by Honduras, on the east by the Caribbean Sea, on the south by Costa Rica, and on
the west by the Pacific Ocean. Its area of 129,494 sq km (49,998 sq mi).
Capital.
Managua
Chief Economic Products
Agriculture
Forestry and fishing
Language Manufacturing and mining
Energy
Spanish is the official language. Many on
the east coast speak Miskito or English at
home.
Major Exports
Coffee is the most important
Currency export, followed by cotton, sugar,
seafood, meat, gold, sesame, and
The c ó rd o ba bananas.
19. Largest island of the West Indies, south of Florida of the United States and east of the Yucatán Peninsula of Mexico. It
forms, with various adjacent islands, the republic of Cuba. Cuba commands the two entrances to the Gulf of Mexico—the
Straits of Florida and the Yucatán Channel. On the east, Cuba is separated from the island of Hispaniola by the Windward
Passage, a shipping route between the North Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. The total area is 114,525 sq km
(44,218 sq mi)
Capital Chief Economic Products
Havana
Agriculture
Forestry and fishing
Language
Manufacturing and mining
Spanish
Energy
Currency
Major Exports
the p e s o Sugar and sugar products, tobacco,
nickel and copper ores, foodstuffs, and
petroleum products are other important
export commodities.
20. Republic in Central America, bounded on the north and east by the Caribbean Sea, on the south by Nicaragua, on the
southwest by the Pacific Ocean and El Salvador, and on the west by Guatemala. The total area of Nicaragua is
112,492 sq km (43,433 sq mi).
Chief Economic
Capital Products
Tegucigalpa Agriculture
Forestry and fishing
Manufacturing and mining
Lenguage
Spanish
Major Exports
Currency Bananas, coffee, frozen meat,
the le m p ira wood and timber, shellfish, silver,
lead, and zinc.
21. Inland republic in South America, bounded on the northwest and north by Bolivia, on the east by Brazil, and on the
south and southwest by Argentina. The total area of Paraguay is 406,752 sq km (157,048 sq mi).
Capital Chief Economic Products
Agriculture
Asunción
Forestry and Fishing
Mining
Language Manufacturing
Energy
Spanish
Guaraní
Major Exports
Currency cotton, soybeans, timber, oilseeds, and meat.
the g ua ra ní
22. Republic in central South America,bounded on the north and east by Brazil, on the southeast by Paraguay, on the
south by Argentina, and on the west by Chile and Peru. The total area of Bolivia is 1,098,581 sq km (424,164 sq mi).
Capital
Chief Economic Products
La Paz
Mining and Manufacture.
Language Agriculture, Fishing, Forestry
Spanish and two Native South American
languages, Quechua and Aymara.
Major Exports
Currency Petroleum, natural gas, tin, Zinc,
silver, gold, lead, and antimony.
The bo livia no
23. Republic in southern Central America, bounded on the north by Nicaragua, on the east by the Caribbean Sea, on the
southeast by Panama, and on the southwest and west by the Pacific Ocean.
The total area of Costa Rica is 51,060 sq km (19,714 sq mi).
Chief Economic Products
Capital
San José
Agriculture
Mining and
Manufacturing
Language
Spanish. English is also spoken by many educated people
and some of the ethnic Jamaicans.
Major Exports
Coffee, bananas, beef, textiles, and sugar.
Currency
The colón
24. Freely associated commonwealth of the United States, composed of one large island and several small islands. Puerto
Rico is bordered on the north by the Atlantic Ocean, on the east by the Virgin Passage (which separates it from the
Virgin Islands), on the south by the Caribbean Sea, and on the west by the Mona Passage (which separates it from the
Dominican Republic).
Capital Chief Economic Products
San Juan
Agriculture Forestry and Fishing
Mining
Manufacturing
Tourism
Language Transportation
Energy
Spanish
Major Exports
Currency Sugar,rum, bananas, pineapples, tobacco,
chemical products and rice.
Dollar
25. Independent republic of the West Indies, occupying the western third of the island of Hispaniola. Haiti is bounded on the
north by the Atlantic Ocean, on the east by the Dominican Republic, on the south by the Caribbean Sea, and on the
west by the Windward Passage, which separates it from Cuba. Its area is 27,750 sq km (10,714 sq mi).
Capital Chief Economic Products
Port-au-Prince
Agriculture Forestry and Fishing
Mining
Manufacturing
Transportation
Language Energy
French, Criollo, Spanish
Major Exports
Currency Coffee, sugarcane, sisal, fruit
the g o urd e cotton, coconuts, and vetiver.
