An Information Guide Sheet-Sex Education & Sexual Awareness.pdf

SEX
EDUCATION &
SEXUAL
AWARENESS
An Information Guide Sheet
“A Pre - Experimental Study To Evaluate The Effectiveness Of
An Information Guide Sheet On Awareness Regarding Sex
Education Among Adolescents In Selected Secondary & Senior
Secondary Schools At Udaipur.”
2020
6/26/2020
VENKTESHWAR COLLEGE OF NURSING,
UMARDA, UDAIPUR (RAJ.)
Guided By: Prepared By:
Mr. Jayesh Soni Mr. Sagar Pandya
HOD M. Sc. Nursing
Child Health Nursing Child Health Nursing
ANNEXURE – XII (a)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Primarily I would thanks god for being able to complete this information guide sheet on sex
education & sexual awareness with success than I would thank to Mr. Vijay Singh Rawat, principal,
Venkteshwar College of Nursing, Udaipur for his guidance, support, inspiration and valuable
suggestions throughout the study, and also for having given me the opportunity to undertake this
study and for facilitating the study with necessary administrative permissions which were
disciplined, punctual, and time bound. The present study has been completed under the guidance of
Mr. Jayesh Soni, HOD, Department of Child Health Nursing and class teacher Mr.Jitendra PujariMy
sincere thanks to the Mr. Deepak Suwalka, Mr. Manish Sakrawat, Mrs. Geetangli Sharma and all
the college staffs.
Than I would like to thanks all who have help me with their valuable suggestion and
guidelines has been helpful in various phase of the completion of information guide sheet on sex
education & sexual awareness.
Last but not the least I would thank to my classmate who have me helps a lot.
- Sagar Pandya
CONTENTS
1. SEX EDUCATION 124
1.1 General anatomy & physiology of the human reproductive system…………………..........125
1.2 Puberty & changes during adolescent’s age……………………………………………....................128
1.3 Safe sex & sexual abstinence (STD’s & Contraception)………………………………................. 129
2. SEXUAL AWARENESS 131
2.1 Impact of using porn sites: Physical, Mental, Emotional etc……………............................ 131
2.2 Reproductive health & Reproductive rights of the adolescents…………………………........ 133
2.3 Sexual abuse…………………………………………………………………….................................……….. 135

SEX EDUCATION & SEXUAL AWARENESS 2020
124
1. SEX EDUCATION
Sex education is the instruction of issues related to human sexuality including human sexual
anatomy, sexual activity, sexual reproduction, age of consent, reproductive health, reproductive
rights, safe sex, birth control & sexual abstinence.
Sex education works early before the young people reach puberty & before they have
developed established patterns of behavior.
Sexuality is about the sexual feeling, thoughts, attraction & behavior towards other people.
Sexuality education encompasses education about all aspects of sexuality, including about
family planning, reproduction, STD’s and how to avoid them.
Sex Education in India
It refers to the organized delivery by Indian Govt. & non profits of material regarding sex,
sexuality & pregnancy. The three categories of sex education in India are:
1. The sex education courses targeted at adolescents in school.
2. Family planning for adults.
3. HIV / AIDS prevention education.
There is however no structured sex education program as yet which has been endorsed by
the government. Un Taboo a company dedicated a sex education however age appropriate
program on sex and safety education which are conducted in schools and in small private groups
outside of schools.
Sex Education Is Needed For Various Reasons
 It is of utmost importance that teenage girls and boys understand the changes that their bodies
undergo when they reach adolescence and this is possible only when sex education is imparted.
 Both the girls as well as the boys need to understand all about menstrual cycle; so that the girls
learn to accept it as a normal role of nature; and the boys do not get grossed out by periods,
tampons and sanitary pads and learn early in life to be sensitive to this issue.
 Awareness about sex will also create awareness about pregnancies and other related issues
including safe sex and diseases like Sexual Transmitted Disease (STD) and Human Immuno Virus

125
(HIV). According to WHO, the age group of 12 to 19 years counts for some 34 per cent of the
HIV-infected persons in the world.
 Sex education will make the young more responsible and thus they will take the decision of
having sex with full knowledge of the possible outcome instead of indulging in it out of curiosity
and without any information thus bearing the brunt of the repercussions.
 The young will not be inhibited about buying contraceptives which is a very important aspect.
 Sex education is vital because the young learn the concept of consent and what
constitutes/does not constitute rape/assault.
 Last but not the least, victims of child sexual abuse will understand that something wrong is
being done to them and will be able to communicate to their parents the untoward incident.
1.1 GENERAL ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY OF HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Reproduction: It is defined as a biological process in which on organism give rise to young ones
(offspring) similar to itself.
Reproductions are two types:
a) Asexual Reproduction: Single parent (with or without gamete formation) e.g. bacteria.
b) Sexual Reproduction: Two parents or opposite sex (fusion of male and female gametes) e.g.
human benign.
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 The male reproductive system is located in pelvis region.
 It consist of the glands with their ducts and supporting structures
1. The glands include: a) A pair of testis - 2
b) A pair of seminal vesicles - 2
c) A pair of bulbourethral (Cowper’s) glands - 2
d) A prostate gland
2. Ducts of testes include: a) A pair of epididymis - 2
b) A pair of vas deferens - 2
c) A pair of ejaculatory duct - 2
d) A urethra
3. Supporting structures are: a) A pair of spermatic cord (internal)
b) Scrotum & Penis (external)

126
 The male gamete is called sperm made in testicles.
 Testosterone is a hormone found in humans, as well as in other animals. The testicles primarily
make testosterone in men responsible for secondary sexual characteristic. Women’s ovaries
also make testosterone, though in much smaller amounts.
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 The female reproductive system is also located in pelvis region.
 It consist of two parts of structures: External and Internal
1. External Structures (Vulva): a) Clitoris
b) Labia majora
c) Labia minora
d) Mons pubis
e) Vaginal orifice
1
2. Internal Structures: a) A pair of Ovary - 2
b) A pair of fallopian tube - 2
c) Uterus
d) Cervix
e) Vagina

127
 The female gamete is called ovum made in ovaries.
 Oestrogen (also called 'estrogen') and progesterone are hormones that are important for
sexual and reproductive development in women. Oestrogen and progesterone help to regulate
a woman's menstrual cycle and play an important role in pregnancy. Also responsible for female
secondary sexual characteristics.
 Menstrual Cycle: The menstrual cycle (28 days normally) is the regular natural change that
occurs in the female reproductive system (specifically the uterus and ovaries) that
makes pregnancy possible.
The cycle is required for the production of oocytes, and for the preparation of the uterus for
pregnancy.
The menstrual cycle occurs due to the rise and fall of estrogen.
This cycle results in the thickening of the lining of the uterus, and the growth of an egg,
(which is required for pregnancy).
The egg is released from an ovary (Ovulation) around day 14th in the cycle; the thickened
lining of the uterus provides nutrients to an embryo after implantation.
Luteinizing hormone (LH) in synergy with follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates
normal follicular growth and ovulation.
If pregnancy does not occur, the lining is released in what is known as menstruation or a
"period".
 Fertilization / Conception:
Human fertilization is the union of a
human egg and sperm, usually occurring
in the ampulla of the fallopian tube.

128
1.2. PUBERTY & CHANGES DURING ADOLESCENT’S AGE
Puberty: The period during which adolescents reach sexual maturity & become capable of
reproduction.
The age at the time of puberty is variable, puberty generally occurs:
In Girls: Between 8-13 years of age.
In Boys: Between 9-14 years of age.
Adolescent: WHO defines adolescents as individuals between 10 and 19 year of age.
S.N. Stage of puberty In Boys In Girls
1.
Stage I (Up to 7.5
years)
Preadolescent stage or stage of
childhood
Preadolescent stage
2.
Stage II (12 years boys
& 10.5 years girls)
Genital development begins by
enlargement of testes
Appearance of breast bud
3.
Stage III (14 years boys
& 11.5 years girls)
Pubic & axillary hair begins, penis
enlarges
Pubic & axillary hair begins, elevation and
enlargement of the breast, gain in height
4.
Stage IV (15.5 years
boys & 13 years girls)
Further growth of external &internal
genitalia occurs with peak gain in height
Projection of areolas, appearance of the
menses
5.
Stage V (16.5 years
boys & 14 years girls)
Development of secondary sexual
characteristic which include
Development of secondary sexual
characteristic which include
Body Configuration Broad shoulders, more muscular body
Narrow shoulders, broad hips, female
distribution of fat in the breast and the hip
given the characteristics curves to the body
Hair Growth
Hair appears all over the body, in axilla ,
over the pubis, face and chest
Appearance of hair in the axilla and pubis,
less body hair and more scalp hair
Voice Voice becomes deep & breaks Voice becomes high pitch
External Genitalia
Penis increases in length & width, scrotal
skin thickens etc…
Clitoris increases in length and width, labia
majora and minora enlarge
Internal Genitalia
Seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethral
glands enlarges and secrete
Ovaries, uterus and vaginal growth
increases or also increases their activities
Skin Changes
Acne (pimples) appears due to increased
secretion from sebaceous glands by the
action of androgens
Acne and formation of comedones (black
heads) is less due to estrogen
Psychological Changes
Aggressive, active attitude, interest in
opposite sex develops
Changes in mental and emotional behavior,
shyness, interest in opposite sex develops

129
1.3. SAFE SEX & SEXUAL ABSTINENCE (STD’S & CONTRACEPTION)
Safe Sex: Sexual activity in which people take precautions to protect themselves against sexually
transmitted diseases such as AIDS.
Sexual Abstinence: The definition of the abstinence is when you don’t have sex.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs): These are infections that are passed from one person to
another through sexual contact. The causes of STDs are bacteria, parasites, and viruses. There are
more than 20 types of STDs, including Chlamydia, Genital herpes.
Contraception: It is an artificial methods or techniques mainly used to prevent pregnancy as a
consequence of sexual intercourse.
Contraception is the methods that prevent this phenomenon by:
 Stopping the egg production.
 Keeping the egg distinct from the sperm.
 By stooping the fertilized egg attaching to the lining of the womb.
Types of Contraception
There are around fifteen to twenty different types or methods of contraception. Here, let us
learn about the safest 3 methods of contraception.
1. Hormonal Contraception
 It is a birth control method that acts on an endocrine system.
 It is composed of steroid hormones that comprise both oral and inject able methods.
 Some of the different methods of hormonal contraception include patches, intrauterine
devices (IUD’s), implants, oral pills, injections and a vaginal ring.
2. Barrier
 These are devices that are used to prevent pregnancy by blocking sperm from entering the
uterus.
 Some of them include female condoms, male condoms and contraceptive sponges with
spermicides, diaphragms and cervical caps.
 Among them the most common birth control methods are condoms protecting against the
HIV and the STD’s.

130
3. Emergency Contraceptive
 It is medications that primarily prevent fertilization or ovulation.
 There are lots of options namely mifepristone, levonorgestrel and high dosage control pills.

131
2. SEXUAL AWARENESS
Sexual health, when viewed affirmatively, requires a positive and respectful approach
to sexuality and sexual relationships, as well as the possibility of having pleasurable and
safe sexual experiences, free of coercion, discrimination and violence.
In recent years, lack of awareness among teenagers has resulted in unsafe sexual practices,
violence, and substance abuse. In India context, sex education is not given much importance and
has always been looked upon as a taboo resulting in a large number of teenage pregnancies.
The World Health organization (WHO) defines an adolescent as an person who fall under
the age range of 10-19. Age is convenient way to define adolescence. In numerous social orders,
however, teenage is barely compared with puberty and the cycle of physical changes culminating in
reproductive development. In different social orders adolescence is comprehended in more
extensive terms that incorporate psychological, adolescence moral terrain as well as, additionally
the entirely physical parts o the development.
According to UNICEF only 34.5 male adolescents and 18.6 female adolescents have
knowledge about the risks associated with unprotected sex.
India has taken a step to rectify this problem by introducing on 20 February 2017 SAATHIYA
resource kit and SAATHIYA SALAH APP as a part of Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram (RSSK)
programme. The government aims to train around 1.64 million adolescents in the 15-19 age groups
who share the correct information about sexual health with their peers.
2.1. IMPACT OF USING PORN SITES
Pornography - A Public Health Issue
The internet has exponentially increased the platforms and ease of access to sexually
explicit material, making pornography accessible to everyone, including children & adolescents.
Impact of Pornography on Adolescents:
Adolescent is a critical stage of development, and the changes that are seen with the
increased internet use and specifically with pornography exposure are compelling.

132
All domains are affected:
High risk behavior: With an increase in pornography consumption, sexual attitudes and views are
changing for the developing adolescent.
Adolescents who watch pornography:
 Are sexually active at an earlier age
 Have higher numbers of partners.
 Have increased casual sex
 Using alcohol and drugs during sex.
 Anal sex
 Promotes unsafe sex
 Is found to be primary source for sexual education among adolescents, skewing their views of
sexuality as pornography is based on fantasy.
BODY IMAGE /
PHYSICAL
COGNITIVE SOCIAL EMOTIONAL SEXUAL
Girls feel less
attractive than the
women portrayed in
pornographic material.
Boys are afraid that
they will not measure
up to the performer in
the media
Low self esteem
or Depression
Behavioral issues-
Negative sexual
attitudes or
increases violence
towards women
(sexual
aggression)
Social immaturity
Social isolation
Lower health
emotional
attachments
with family
Emotionally
disturbed
Diminished sexual and emotional
fulfillment.
Dissatisfactions with the partners
body’s
Decrease in desire to be sexually
intimate with one another
Negative sexual attitudes
Physical
Cognitive
Sexual
Spiritual Social
Emotional

133
2.2. REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH & REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS OF THE ADOLESCENTS
Reproductive Health:
 It is the state of complete physical, mental & social well being or nor merely the absence of
disease or infirmity, in all matters relating to the reproductive system or to its functions and
processes, or sexual health / hygiene.
familyplanning of their choice, as well as other methods of their choice for regulation of fertility
and the right of access to appropriate health-care services that will enable women to go safely
through pregnancy and childbirth and provide couples with the best chance of having a healthy
infant.
 Reproductive health implies that
people are able to have a satisfying and
safe sex life, prevention from STI’s and
that they have the capability to
produce and the freedom to decide it,
when and how often to do so. Implicit
in this last condition are the rights of
men and women to be informed and to
have access to safe, effective,
affordable, and acceptable methods of
 Sexual and Reproductive Health
Awareness Day is held annually on
February 12. This day is an opportunity to
raise awareness about sexual and
reproductive health issues and to educate
to reduce the spread of sexually
transmitted infections.
 The National Population Stabilisation Fund
(Jansankhya Sthirata Kosh) has started a
helpline to provide confidential counseling
services and immediate answers to queries
on sexual and reproductive health
problems.

134
For authentic telephonic information on Reproductive Health, Family Planning and Infant
Health, Call 1800-11-6555. This helpline operates daily from 9am to 11pm. A team of health
executives and doctors answer questions about sexual health concerns, sexually transmitted
infections, contraception, pregnancy, infertility, abortions, menopause and puberty and can
explain the functioning of the reproductive systems of males and females.
 Reproductive health is a part of sexual reproductive health & rights.
Reproductive Rights:
Reproductive rights are legal rights & freedoms relating to reproduction and reproductive health
that vary amongst countries around the world.
Sexual and Reproductive Rights:
Sexual Rights Reproductive Rights
 The right to sexual pleasure without fear of infection,
disease, unwanted pregnancy or harm
 The right to sexual expression and to make sexual
decisions that are consistent with one’s personal,
ethical, and social values
 The right to sexual and reproductive health care,
information, education, and services
 The right to bodily integrity and the right to choose if,
when, how and with whom to be sexually active and
engage in sexual relations with full consent
 The right to enter relationships, including marriage,
with full and free consent and without coercion
 The right to privacy and confidentiality in seeking
sexual and reproductive health care services
 The right to express one’s sexuality without
discrimination and independent of reproduction.
 The right to the highest attainable standard of health
 The right to life and survival
 The right to liberty and security of the person
 The right to health, reproductive health and family
planning
 The right to decide the number and spacing of
children and to have the information and means to do
so
 The right of women to have control over and decide
freely and responsibly on matters related to their
sexuality, including sexual and reproductive health,
free from coercion, discrimination, and violence
 The same right of men and women to marry only with
their free and full consent
 The right to privacy
 The right to education
 The right to participation
 The right of access to information
 The right to be free from discrimination on specified
grounds
 The right to be free from practices that harm women
and girls
 The right to not be subjected to torture or other

135
cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or
punishment
 The right to be free from sexual violence
 The right to enjoy scientific progress and to consent
to experimentation
 The right to reproductive health care
2.3. SEXUAL ABUSE
older adolescent towards a child to stimulate any of the involved sexually. The use of a child or
other individuals younger than the age of consent, for sexual stimulation is referred to as child
sexual abuse or statutory rape. Live streaming sexual abuse involves trafficking and coerced sexual
acts and or rape in real time on webcam.
Sexual abuse means unwanted physical relationship form the opposite gender or same gender
(Lesbian or Gay). It is act forced upon on girls, women, boy, man or child without their consent.
Types of sexual abuse:
1. Sexual Assault
Any action by physical or by verbal with a sexual nature and done without consent
from both sides for short duration.
3. Rape
Insert an object or sex organ of the girl child or boy child in her/his private body
parts.
4. Serial Rape Same person trying to same girls an extended period of time.
5. Gang Rape
More than one attackerinserts an object or sex organ into the sex organ of the
girl.
6 Sodomy
Insert an object or sex organ of the girl’s child or boy’s child in her/his private
body parts or mouth without their concern.
7. Incest
Sexual abuse or assault at the hand of family members or known person. It is
most common type of sexual abuse in India.
Sexual abuse, also referred to as molestation, is
abusive sexual behavior by one person upon another. It is
often perpetrated using force or by taking advantage of
another. When force is immediate, of short duration, or
infrequent, it is called sexual assault. The offender is
referred to as a sexual abuser or (often pejoratively)
molester. The term also covers anybehavior by an adult or

136
Signs that may indicate sexual abuse:
 Acting out in an inappropriate, sexual way, with toys or objects
 Nightmares, sleeping problems
 Becoming withdrawn or very clingy
 Becoming unusually secretive
 Sudden, unexplained personality changes/mood swings
 Regressing to younger behaviours, e.g. bedwetting
 Unaccountable fear of particular places or people
 Outbursts of anger
 Changes in eating habits
 New adult words for body parts with no obvious source
 Talk of a new, older friend and unexplained money or gifts
 Incidents of self-harm (cutting, burning self, for example)
 Physical signs, such as, unexplained soreness or bruises around genitals or mouth or sexually
transmitted diseases
 Not wanting to be alone with a particular child or young person.
GOOD TOUCH AND BAD TOUCH
Sexual Harassments: It is the behavior characterized by
the making of unwelcome and inappropriate sexual
remarks or physical advances in an institution,
workplace and other professional or social situations.
Good Touch: A way for people to show they care for
each other and help each other (i.e., hugging, holding
hands, changing a baby’s diaper).
Bad Touch: On the other hand, is the kind you don’t like
and want it to stop right away (e.g. hitting, kicking, or
touching private parts). Tell your child that most touches
are okay or acceptable, but that he or she must say
“NO” and immediately tell you about any touches that
are confusing or that scare him or her.

137
 Control Media Exposure: Parental controls are available through many internet, cable, and
satellite providers. Be aware that children may witness adult sexual behaviors in person or they
may come across it on screens, and that they may not tell you that this has occurred.
Teach Some Ground Rules for Safety:
 Swim Suit Rule: It is not okay for anyone to look at or touch their
private parts — the area covered under the swimsuit. It is easier for
a child to follow a rule, and they will more immediately recognize a
“bad touch” if they have this guideline in mind. Reassure your
children that you will listen to him or her, believe him or her, and
want to keep him or her protected.
 The Warning Signs
Touching genitals/masturbating in public or private.
Looking at or touching a peer’s or new sibling’s
genitals.
Showing genitals to peers or manifesting with
sexual behaviors.
Standing or sitting too close to someone.
Trying to catch a glimpse of peers or adults naked.

138
REFERENCES
1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_education
2. Dr. A. K. Jain “ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY FOR NURSING”, Fourth edition, Arya publications page
no.: 225-245
3. https://byjus.com/biology/contraception/
4. https://www.ourcommons.ca/Content/Committee/421/HESA/Brief/BR8786201/br-
external/ZachariasJanet-e.pdf
5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproductive_health
6. https://www.nhp.gov.in/about-sexual-and-reproductive-health-awareness-day_pg
7. http://www.legalservicesindia.com/article/2592/Need-for-sexual-and-reproduction-awareness-
amongst-adolescents.html
8. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_abuse

SEX EDUCATION & SEXUAL
AWARENESS
An Information Guide Sheet
Sex Education & Sexual Awareness (An Information Guide Sheet) is precisely written
for the Adolescents. It may also serve as an introductory text for the post graduation
students, teachers and can also helpful for parents. The guide sheet is an excellent
attempt towards introducing the adolescents to the various aspects related to sex
education and sexual awareness.
GUIDED BY
Mr. Jayesh Soni is currently working as a Head of Department&
Associate Professor of Child Health Nursingat Venkteshwar
College of Nursing, Umarda (Udaipur) Affiliated by Sai Tirupati
University. He did his post graduation studies at Geetanjali
University, Udaipur (Raj.) at 2014 and graduation from Jiwaji
University, Gwalior at 2010. He is a prolific writer and his paper is published in many
Universities and in international and national journals of repute.He has also works as
a paper setter and as an external examiner for many universities.
PREPARED BY
Mr. Sagar Pandya M. Sc. Nursing (Child Health Nursing) did his
graduation from Maa Gayatri College of Nursing Udaipur (RUHS,
Jaipur) at 2016 & pursuing post graduations in Child Health
Nursing from Venkteshwar College of Nursing, Udaipur Affiliated
by Sai Tirupati University, Udaipur. In this Information Guide
Sheet (Sex Education or Sexual Awareness) the author focuses
on Awareness Regarding Sex Education in adolescents written in
simple, easily under stable language.

An Information Guide Sheet-Sex Education & Sexual Awareness.pdf

Recommandé

Recommandé

Contenu connexe

Similaire à An Information Guide Sheet-Sex Education & Sexual Awareness.pdf

Similaire à An Information Guide Sheet-Sex Education & Sexual Awareness.pdf (15)

Dernier

Dernier (20)

An Information Guide Sheet-Sex Education & Sexual Awareness.pdf