ANSI-SPARC Architecture is a basic framework for designing a database management system. This ppt describes the Architecture and its main three levels.

1. 
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2. By:
Saeed-ul-Hussain
Mehfooz Ahmad
Waleed Ahmad
Hussnain Tahir

3. 
 The ANSI-SPARC Architecture is a conceptual
framework for designing and organizing database
management systems (DBMS).
 It was proposed by the Standards Planning and
Requirements Committee (SPARC) of the American
National Standard Institute in the late 1970s.
 ANSI-SPARC Architecture provides a clear and
organized way to understand the complexities of
database systems.
Introduction

4. 
Levels
External
Conceptual
Internal

5. 
The External Level represents the user view of
the database.
It defines how individual users or user groups
perceive data.
External schemas provide a customized view of
the data, hiding unnecessary details and
complexities
Changes to external schemas do not affect other
users or the overall database structure.
External level

6. 
The Conceptual Level describes the
community view of the database.
It defines the structure, constraints, and
relationships of the data stored in the
database.
Changes to the conceptual schema impact the
entire database and all external schemas.
Conceptual level

7. 
 The internal level deals with the physical storage
and organization of data.
 It defines how data is stored, indexed, and accessed
within the system.
 Changes to the internal schema do not affect external
views but may impact performance.
Internal level

8. 
Separation of concerns
Data independence
Flexibility
Advantages

9. 
 The ANSI-SPARC Architecture provides a solid
foundation for designing robust and flexible
database systems.
 By understanding the three levels and their
interactions, database designers can create efficient
and maintainable solutions.
Conclusion