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CELL - PARTS OF THE CELL, TYPES OF CELL.pptx
- 1. MR. JASON E. DUQUE, LPT, MAEd BIOLOGY I
- 2. GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER SUBJECTDESCRIPTION • This specialized subject is designed to enhance the understanding of the principles and concepts in the study of biology, particularly life processes at the cellular and molecular levels. • It also covers the transformation of energy in organisms.
- 3. GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER PERFORMANCESTANDARD 1. Construct a 3D model of a plant or animal cell using recyclable materials. 2. Construct a cell membrane model from indigenous or recyclable materials.
- 4. GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER Quarter 1 CELL & ITS HISTORY CELL DIVISION CELL MEMBRANE TRANSPORT MECHANISMS REDOX REACTIONS OVERVIEW CELL THEORY CELL ORGANELLES PLANT & ANIMAL CELLS MITOSIS & MEIOSIS MUTATION
- 5. GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER GRADING SYSTEM WRITTEN WORKS PERFORMANCE TASK QUARTER ASSESSMENT 25% 45% 30% SPECIALIZED SUBJECT
- 7. THE CELL MELC: • Explain the postulates of the cell theory and the modern cell theory. GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER
- 8. • Biology is the science of LIFE • It studies: WHAT??? 1. The origins & history of life 2. Living things & their structure 3. How each structure functions 4. How living things interact 5. Microscopic organisms 6. Classification of organisms • ARISTOTLE is the Father of Biology GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER INTRODUCTION
- 9. Question: What do Biologist do? • Study the diversity of life • Research diseases & cure • Develop technologies • Improve agriculture • Preserve the environment Question: What is the basic unit of life? GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER INTRODUCTION
- 10. • The human body is composed of trillions of cells. • Functions: • Provide structure of the body. • Absorbs nutrients & converts it to energy. • Carries genetic material. • Robert Hooke first discovered cells in 1665 GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER THE CELL
- 11. • The microscope gave rise to the cell discovery. • Hooke observed a cork. • Why is cell called CELL? • It looked like a small room where monks live. • However, Hooke did not see any nucleus or organelles. • Anton Van Leeuwenhoek: First man to witness a live cell. GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER CELL’S HISTORY
- 12. CELL HISTORY CONTRIBUTORS GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER
- 13. GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER CELL DISCOVERY TIMELINE 1590 Zacharias Janssen, a Dutch eyeglass maker, invented the very first ______________. CLUE: It is an instrument used to magnify small objects. MICROSCOPE
- 14. GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER CELL DISCOVERY TIMELINE 1665 While looking at a piece of cork under the microscope, Robert Hooke saw box shaped structures that he called ____________ CLUE: It is the basic structure and function of all living things. Cell
- 15. GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER CELL DISCOVERY TIMELINE 1674 __________, while looking at pond water under the microscope, observed what he called animalcules. CLUE: He is known as the Father of Microbiology. Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
- 16. GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER CELL DISCOVERY TIMELINE 1838 Matthias Schleiden, a German botanist, stated that _________ are made up of cells. CLUE: What do botanists’ study? plants
- 17. GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER 1839 Theodor Schwann, a German physiologist, concluded that ______ are also made up of cells. CLUE: Examples of this includes mammals, birds, fish, amphibians, reptiles, and insects. animals
- 18. GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER CELL DISCOVERY TIMELINE 1855 Rudolf Virchow stated that cells come from pre-existing cells through _______. CLUE: It is the process by which a parent cell divide into two or more daughter cells. cell division
- 19. • The creation of CELL THEORY. • Schwann & Schleiden. • They both study plant and animal cells. • Found out that plant and animal cells are similar. • This led to the formulation of the 3 cell theories. GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER CELL’S HISTORY
- 20. 1. The cell is the unit of structure, physiology, and organization in living things. 2. The cell is the building block in the construction of every organisms. 3. Cells form by spontaneous generation. Rudolf Virchow’s revision: 3. Cell arise from pre-existing cells. GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER CELL THEORY (OLD)
- 21. MODERN CELL THEORY Exploring the THEORY 1 The cell is structural & functional unit of all living things. THEORY 2 All cells come from pre-existing cells by division. THEORY 3 All known living things are made up of cells.
- 22. MODERN CELL THEORY Exploring the THEORY 4 All cells are basically the same in chemical composition. THEORY 5 All energy flow of life occurs within the cell. THEORY 6 Cells contains hereditary information.
- 23. YOUR TURN! Elaborate each of the postulates of the modern cell theory and justify whether it is true or not. RECITATION! GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER
- 24. THEORY 4 All cells are basically the same in chemical composition. THEORY 5 All energy flow of life occurs within the cell. THEORY 6 Cells contains hereditary information. THEORY 1 The cell is structural & functional unit of all living things. THEORY 2 All cells come from pre-existing cells by division. THEORY 3 All known living things are made up of cells. MODERN CELL THEORY
- 25. Distinguish the two types of cell according to their distinguishing features. TYPE OF CELLS GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER MELC:
- 26. Starts with P & E What do you think are the two types of cells? GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER
- 27. GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER
- 28. Features: • DNA is free floating • Lacks Nucleus • Organelles Lack Membranes • Unicellular • Bacteria & Archaea • Smaller and simple • Reproduction is asexual GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER PROKARYOTES
- 29. Features: • Has Nucleus • DNA is in the Nucleus • Organelles have Membranes • Unicellular or multicellular • Plants, Animals, & Fungi • Much Larger and complex • Reproduces Asexual or Sexual GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER EUKARYOTES
- 30. IDENTIFY THE FOLLOWING FEATURES WHETER IT IS PROKARYOTES OR EUKARYOTES. WRITE “P” IF IT PROKARYOTE AND “E” IF IT IS EUKARYOTES. QUICK ASSESSMENT! GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER
- 31. UNICELLULAR GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER P
- 32. NO TRUE NUCLEUS GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER P
- 33. MULTIPLE CELLS GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER E
- 34. SMALLEST GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER P
- 35. CELLS OF PLANTS GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER E
- 36. GENETIC VARIATION GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER E
- 37. LONGER LIFE SPAN GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER E
- 38. MEMBRANE-BOUND GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER E
- 39. BACTERIA GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER P
- 40. CELL OF ANIMALS GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER E
- 41. CLONE GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER P
- 42. REALLY GREAT SITE | CREATIVE PORTFOLIO THINK-PAIR- SHARE ACTIVITY DIRECTIONS: Identify whether the statements from #1-3 are true or false. Then explain and justify your reason using the six postulates of the modern cell theory. On the other hand, answer the #4 and #5 questions comprehensively. 1. Are non-living things also made up of cells? 2. Is it possible for a rock to become an organism? 3. Without cell, do you think life would cease to exist? 4. Why do you think each individual is unique on their own? What is the relationship of cell to it? 5. What are the distinguishing features of prokaryote and eukaryotes that makes them similar from each other? TRUE OR FALSE
- 43. PLANT & ANIMAL CELL MELC: • Classify different cell types (of plant/animal tissues) and specify the functions of each. GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER
- 46. CELL MEMBRANE • Outer boundary of the cell. • Regulates passage of materials in and out. • Protection & support. GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER CELL MEMBRANE
- 47. NUCLEUS • Contains the DNA of animals. • It sends signals to the cells to grow, mature, divide and die • Control center of the cell. GGENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER NUCLEUS
- 48. GGENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER
- 49. NUCLEUS • Parts of the Nucleus: • Nuclear Envelope- highly regulated membrane • Nucleolus- Contains RNA; site of ribosome creation. • Chromosomes- Contains the genetic information. GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER
- 50. CYTOPLASM • Watery, jelly-like area of the cell • Surrounds and protects the organelles. • Fills mostly the interior of the cell GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER CYTOPLASM
- 51. MITOCHONDRIA • The powerhouse of a cell. • Rod-shape organelle. • It provides energy in the form of ATP. GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER MITOCHONDRIA
- 52. RIBOSOMES • Composed of RNA. • Where proteins are made. • Smallest of organelles. • Attached to membranes and free in cytoplasm. • Attached to RER. GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER RIBOSOMES
- 53. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM • Transports materials within the cell. • SMOOTH- Storage of special enzymes. • ROUGH- Involved in protein synthesis; has ribosomes. GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
- 54. GOLGI APPARATUS • Manufacturing, storing, packing, and transporting particles throughout the cell. • The Golgi apparatus also makes lysosomes GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER GOLGI APPARATUS
- 55. VACUOLE • Stores food or variety of nutrients that a cell might need to survive. • It stores and throws waste products. GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER VACUOLE
- 56. LYSOSOME • Digesting certain materials in the cell. • Removes the junk/waste of the cell. • Also called as Suicidal bags/sac. GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER LYSOSOME
- 57. CENTRIOLES • Plays a major role in cell division. • It releases microtubules, a long, stiff fiber. • They help determine the locations of the nucleus and other organelles within the cell. GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER CENTRIOLES
- 58. Let’s Apply what you learned! GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER FUNCTION ORGANELLE The city will need power. The city generates waste. The city requires raw materials to process into food, clothing, and housing materials MITOCHONDRIA LYSOSOMES GOLGI APPARATUS
- 59. Let’s Apply what you learned! GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER FUNCTIONS/ALIAS ORGANELLE Brain of the cell. Subway system/network Security Guard Protein Factory NUCLEUS ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM CELL MEMBRANE RIBOSOMES
- 60. Let’s Apply what you learned! GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER FUNCTIONS/ALIAS ORGANELLE Cafeteria/Canteen VACUOLE
- 62. CHLOROPLAST • Round, oval, or disk- shaped body • Stores the chlorophyll. • The reason why plants are green. • Aids in photosynthesis. GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER CHLOROPLAST
- 63. CELL WALL • Protects and provide structural support to the cell. • Located outside the cell membrane GGENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER CELL WALL
- 64. CELL MEMBRANE • Semi-permeable membrane • Regulating the entry and exit of specific substances within the cell. GGENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER CELL MEMBRANE
- 65. NUCLEUS • Control center of the cell. • Contains the DNA of plant. GGENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER NUCLEUS
- 66. CYTOPLASM • Jelly-like area of the cell • Surrounds and protects the organelles. • Fills mostly the interior of the cell. GGENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER CYTOPLASM
- 67. MITOCHONDRIA • The powerhouse of a cell • Rod-shape organelle • It provides energy in the form of ATP. GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER MITOCHONDRIA
- 68. RIBOSOMES • Composed of RNA. • Where proteins are made. • Smallest of organelles. • Attached to membranes and free in cytoplasm. • Attached to RER. GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER RIBOSOMES
- 69. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM • Transports materials within the cell. • SMOOTH- Storage of special enzymes. • ROUGH- Involved in protein synthesis; has ribosomes. GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
- 70. GOLGI APPARATUS • Central intracellular membrane-bound organelle • Manufacturing, storing, packing, and transporting particles throughout the cell. GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER GOLGI APPARATUS
- 71. VACUOLE • Fills much of the plant cell. • Aids in regulation of H2O in certain environment. GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER VACUOLE
- 72. WORDS TO PONDER GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER “Any work I do… I think is important…like in acting there is no small parts- only small actors.” - Holly Golightly-
- 73. Label the following parts of a cell. ACTIVITY: LABELLING GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER
- 74. GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER
- 75. GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER NUCLEUS CELL MEMBRANE NUCLEOLUS ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM RIBOSOMES VACUOLE MITOCHONDRIA GOLGI APPARATUS CHLOROPLAST CELL WALL LYSOSOME CENTRIOLES PLANT ANIMAL
- 76. On a one whole yellow paper, create a Venn Diagram showing the similarities and differences of plant and animal cells. ACTIVITY: VENN DIAGRAM GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 – FIRST QUARTER
Notes de l'éditeur
- It comes from two Greek words, bios meaning “life” and logos meaning “study”. 3 Major divisions of biological science 1. Microbiology – bacteria, virus, fungi, archaea, too small to see with our naked eyes 2. Botany - plants 3. Zoology - animals Virus are much smaller than bacteria Virus can only infect living cells while bacteria can also infect non-living things like soil and water. Bacteria needs anti biotic while virus is not. Virus are often more deadly. GERMS – MACRO LEVEL, HAS 4 TYPES, BACTERIA, VIRUS FUNGI (MOLDS, YEAST, MUSHROOM) AND PROTOZOA (MALARIA-MOSQUITO INFECTION, AMOEBIASIS)
- Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes whereas asexual reproduction does not require male and female individuals and no fusion of gametes takes place. In sexual reproduction, an organism combines the genetic information from each of its parents and is genetically unique. In asexual reproduction, one parent copies itself to form a genetically identical offspring. Asexual reproduction is used by many plants, e.g. spider plants, bacteria, hydra, yeast, and jellyfish. It is also involved in the creation of identical twins, when one zygote splits into two identical copies. Sexual reproduction is used by most mammals, fish, reptiles, birds and insects.
- He is a Dutch microscopist. He was the first to observe bacteria and protozoa. In 1674 he likely observed protozoa for the first time and several years later bacteria. Those “very little animalcules” . Robert Hooke was the one who discovered cell, by looking a cork in a microscope. Bakit cell yung tinawag nya? Nung tiningnan ni robert hooke yung cork sa microscope may nakita syang maliliit na butas. And it reminds him of cella (small rooms) kung saan naninirahan yung mga monghe sa monasteryo.
- The following are the personalities involved in the history, discovery, development, and formulation of cell theory.
- It was improved by anton van leeuwenhoek
- Aside sa inimproved nya yung microscope ni zacharias janssen, sya din yung kauna unahang nakakita ng bacteria/microorganism which he called animalcules.
- cells form the parts or an organism and carry out all of the an organism's processes, or functions. This means cells form the tissues, organs and organ systems in the different organisms. New cells are always made from current cells. This means that all current life on the planet is descended from the very first cells, which first made an appearance on Earth roughly 3.5 billion years ago. Cells have been replicating themselves continuously ever since. Spontaneous generation is the hypothetical process by which living organisms develop from nonliving matter. Physiology is the study of how the human body, also animal body works.
- Theory 4 – refers to DNA and the fact it is passed from parent cell to child cell. Theory 5 – cells are made up of same chemicals: water, inorganic and organic molecules Theory 6 - in all living cells, energy is continuously transformed from one type to another. Examples of these processes include photosynthesis (where plant cells convert light energy into chemical energy) and cellular respiration (where both plant and animal cells convert glucose into energy)
- Unicellular – it composed of single cell (it performs all task) and have a short life span. Asexual reproduction does not require male and female individuals and no fusion of gametes takes place. In asexual reproduction, one parent copies itself to form a genetically identical offspring. Asexual reproduction is used by many plants, e.g. spider plants, bacteria, hydra, yeast, and jellyfish. It is also involved in the creation of identical twins, when one zygote splits into two identical copies.
- Multicellular – composed of multiple cells, many cell work together, and have a longer life span because cells can continue to replaced after death. Sexual reproduction involves the fusion/UNION of male and female gametes. In sexual reproduction, an organism combines the genetic information from each of its parents and is genetically unique. Sexual reproduction is used by most mammals, fish, reptiles, birds and insects.
- P
- P
- P
- False False False
- Organelles: Literally means “little organs” Specialized structures found within the cell which performs specific functions vital to cellular life. Kapag di nagfunction ang bawat organelle maaaring mamatay ang cell.
- The cell membrane is a thin flexible layer around the cells of all living things. It is sometimes called the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane. -Its basic job is to separate the inside of cells from the outside. - It also regulates what comes in and what goes out of the cell. Basically para syang security guard. Bakit? It serves as barriers and gate keepers. Cell membrane is semi permeable- permit some materials to pass through the cell May mga materials na hindi pinapadaan ng cell membrane papunta sa cell. In this way the cell maintains its equilibrium and stays normal In our nexr topic we are going to discuss how certain molecules/materials are transported across the cell membrane.
- The nucleus is the most important structure inside animal and plant cells. It is the main control center for the cell and acts kind of like the cell's brain.
- Chromatin refers to a mixture of DNA and proteins that form the chromosomes found in the cells of humans and other higher organisms. Each nuclear pore is a large complex of proteins that allows small molecules and ions to freely pass, or diffuse, into or out of the nucleus. Nuclear pores also allow necessary proteins to enter the nucleus from the cytoplasm if the proteins have special sequences that indicate they belong in the nucleus.
- The nucleolus is a spherical structure found in the cell's nucleus whose primary function is to produce and assemble the cell's ribosomes. The nuclear envelope (NE) is a highly regulated membrane barrier that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells. Chromosomes: XX girls and XY boys Chromosomes: Normally, each cell in the human body has 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 total chromosomes).
- It is where organelles are suspended/float. Cytoplasm is mostly salt and water. -It provides a structure for the cell parts. It is where the organelles are suspended. -It is where different cellular processes happens such as cellular respiration for breathing, synthesizing proteins and having division of cells by both mitosis and meiosis.
- Produces chemical energy needed to power the cell in the form of ATP The main function of mitochondria is to produce energy for the cell. It make most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a molecule that cells use as a source of energy.
- Site of protein synthesis. A ribosomes is a small organelle involved in the process of making protein, which is called protein synthesis. Ribosomes can be found floating freely in the cytoplasm or attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum
- Network of pathways through which materials flow to the different parts of the cytoplasm Highway- dito dumadaan yung mga materials papunta sa mga specific areas kung saan sila kailangan We have 2 types of ER Smooth- lipid metabolism Rough- may embedded ribosomes- responsible for making protein
- Transporting, modifying, and packaging particles called proteins and lipids. The Golgi apparatus is an organelle that acts as the packaging center of the cell. It takes in protein, modifies it, and then places it in shipping containers called vesicles. The Golgi apparatus also makes lysosomes, which are organelles that contain digestive enzymes.
- The main function of Vacuoles is to store food or any variety of nutrients a cell might need to survive. They are found in both animal and plant cells but are much larger in plant cells.
- For animals only These are organelles that contain digestive enzymes. Cellular digestion of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Kapag may mga foreign substances the lysosomes ingest it and break it down. Lysosomes work like the digestive system to break down, or digest, proteins, acids, carbohydrates, dead organelles, and other unwanted materials.
- For animal only paired barrel-shaped organelles located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope. Centrioles play a role in organizing microtubules that serve as the cell's skeletal system. They help determine the locations of the nucleus and other organelles within the cell.
- Let’s compare the different organelles in a big city!
- For Plants only Green pigment = chlorophyll (the natural compound present in green plants that gives them their color.) Chloroplasts, which are found in plants and algae (LUMOT, color green in the bodies of water), are the sites of photosynthesis. This process converts solar energy to chemical energy by absorbing sunlight and using it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds such as sugars from carbon dioxide and water.
- For plants only
- The cell membrane is a thin flexible layer around the cells of all living things. It is sometimes called the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane. -Its basic job is to separate the inside of cells from the outside. - It also regulates what comes in and what goes out of the cell. Basically para syang security guard. Bakit? It serves as barriers and gate keepers. Cell membrane is semi permeable- permit some materials to pass through the cell May mga materials na hindi pinapadaan ng cell membrane papunta sa cell. In this way the cell maintains its equilibrium and stays normal In our nexr topic we are going to discuss how certain molecules/materials are transported across the cell membrane.
- It is the main control center for the cell and acts kind of like the cell's brain.
- It is where organelles are suspended/float. Cytoplasm is mostly salt and water. -It provides a structure for the cell parts. It is where the organelles are suspended. -It is where different cellular processes happens such as cellular respiration for breathing, synthesizing proteins and having division of cells by both mitosis and meiosis.
- Produces chemical energy needed to power the cell in the form of ATP The main function of mitochondria is to produce energy for the cell. It make most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a molecule that cells use as a source of energy.
- Site of protein synthesis. A ribosomes is a small organelle involved in the process of making protein, which is called protein synthesis. Ribosomes can be found floating freely in the cytoplasm or attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum
- Network of pathways through which materials flow to the different parts of the cytoplasm Highway- dito dumadaan yung mga materials papunta sa mga specific areas kung saan sila kailangan We have 2 types of ER Smooth- lipid metabolism Rough- may embedded ribosomes- reponsible for making protein
- Transporting, modifying, and packaging particles called proteins and lipids. The Golgi apparatus is an organelle that acts as the packaging center of the cell. It takes in protein, modifies it, and then places it in shipping containers called vesicles. The Golgi apparatus also makes lysosomes, which are organelles that contain digestive enzymes.
- The main function of Vacuoles is to store food or any variety of nutrients a cell might need to survive. They are found in both animal and plant cells but are much larger in plant cells.
- Just like the organelles of the cell. All of us has a specific role na ginagampanan. maliit man nya o malaki as long as alam mo sa sarili mo na ginagawa ang best mo that’s the most important. Everyone’s work is equally important.
- Nucleolus Nucleus Endoplasmic reticulum Lysosomes Rough Endoplasmic Golgi NA Smooth Mitochondria vacuole Cytoplasm NA CENTRIOLES Cell membrane