Here is the explained view of what is culture and answer of all the queries related to culture.

1. PRESENTATION OF SOCIOLOGY
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TOPIC
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION OF CULTURE
TYPES OF CULTURE
CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE
ELEMENT OF CULTURE
ORGANIZATION OF CULTURE
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• SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF CULTURE

2. INTRODUCTION
Every human Society has it’s on culture. The way of Living of a
people is called its culture. According to Tylor, culture is “that
member of society” (plus material culture). Culture, according to
Tylor, is a complete self-working system of human achievements.
complex-whole which includes knowledge, belief art, moral, law,
custom and any other Capabilities and habits acquired by man as a

3. “
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DEFINITION OF CULTURE
BEALS AND HOIJER DEFINES CULTURE
“The Totality of designs for living practiced by man at all places and
time s”.

4. TYPESOF CULTURE
• Studying culture of understand patterns of human behaviouris a big
job. While there are unlimited ways that people can express
their culture, social scientists have develop two basic categories to
define things produced by a society.
Material culture
Non material culture
1.
2.

5. MATERIAL CULTURE
FOR EXAMPLE
Cocking art is a common thing we are do, and therefore is a part of our
Material culture.
clothes, utensils, roads, ornaments, T.V, machines, radio, tools, goods
and products, stores and many more. All of these man-made objects
and things that has been evolved over ages of man’s well-being and
comfort are material culture.
•
Material culture mentions to the physical objects, resources, and
spaces that people use to define their culture. These include homes,
schools, churches, mosque, offices, temples, factories and plants
Now material
Culture does not mean that it is an object that is bought and sold; it
can also be something we all make.

6. •NON MATERIAL CULTURE
The other type of culture is non material culture which cannot be
touch, feel, taste, or hold. Non material culture belongs to the
roles, literature, customs, traditions, organizations and institutions.
Non material culture is just as big of impact on our lives as
material culture.
nonphysical ideas that people have about their culture, including
beliefs, values, rules, norms, morals, languages, ethics, music, social

7. CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE
Culture has its own characteristics, here some discussed.
• LEARNT
Children learn culture by watching their parents and family. They copy
behaviour and adopt different rolls and values. We learn our culture not
only from our parents but also from families, institutions, media and other
pe o ple .
Culture is learnt from their elders because it’s not biological. Culture is
not the thing you study or inherit but it is just the process you pass from it.
Instead, you learn culture subconsciously without paying any attention.

8. • SHARED
Culture is something that is shared because we share our culture
• SOCIAL
Culture is social, it is not the one person phenomena. It is the
product of society and raise and grows through social interaction.
•
CULTURE
Culture can be thoughts of social influence and it must be social
without it there is no concept of culture.
with other member of our group. Culture is always transferred by
sharing. Culture is shared in many ways like social communication,
group discussion, public speaking, TV, internet. Although culture is
share but it doesn’t mean cultural is Homogeneous.

9. • CONTINUOUS
Culture is a continuous process and adapts changes in the
• INTEGRATED
Culture is also integrated because its various parts are
interconnected. All components of culture and connected to one
another and to gain extensive Understanding of culture, we must
learn about all these different components.
environment. Culture is growing whole with the achievements of the
past and Present and provide the future achievements of mankind.
Culture is the result of past and present experiences.

10. ELEMENT OF CULTURE
Mostly there is a ruler who is more powerful than other persons.
The culture of any specific society Consists of several elements, or
parts. Following are some elements of culture.
•SOCIAL ORGANIZATION
In most cultures, society divides people by social organization.
Social organization is any important element of culture that shows
how the society treats the relationships between different members
of that culture.

11. such as when someone is promoted or retires. They may be
associated with company events or special day.
• RELIGION
• CUSTOMS
Customs are traditions, values, and social Standard of society and
establish practice. These help a society indicate the rules of
behaviour which enforce ideas of right and wrong. These can
traditions, rules, written laws, etc.
• RITUALS
Rituals are Processes or sets of actions that are repeated in
specific conditions and with specific meaning. They may be used in
Religion is another important element of culture, which describes a
society’s is morals and beliefs about humanity’s spirituality and
reason for existing.

12. • LANGUAGE
Language is are symbolic system through which people communicate
•
There are different norms, standards and Expectations in cultures for
behaving. Norms are divided into two types.
1.Formal norms
2.Informal norms
•FORMAL NORMS
Formal norms also called mores and laws considered most important
in any society.
and through which culture is written, acted and transmitted. Language
is always evolving as societies create new ideas. Rules of speaking
and writing vary is every language even within cultures.
NORMS

13. The world is filled with symbols, like sports
uniform, school uniform company logo, gold rings and traffic
signs are symbols.
•INFORMAL NORMS
Informal norms are also called folkways and customs considered
less important.
• SYMBOLS
Some symbols are types of nonverbal communication, while
others are material objects. Every culture has many symbols, of
things that stand for somethings or show reactions and emotions.

14. ORGANIZATION OF CULTURE
to a culture.
Cultural pattern
Ethos/Core culture
A given culture can be classified into different parts.
Cultural traits
Cultural complex
These parts are integrated with each other to give us specific shape
1.
2.
3.
4.

15. •CULTURAL COMPLEX
A number of traits when organized together make a cultural co
m plex .
•
A specific combination of two or more cultural complexes is called
cultural pattern.
Actually it is that kind of relationship between traits and complexes
with shows the dominant and prominent characteristics of a culture
•
It is the flavor or the central point of a culture. It is the philosophy or
the ideology of entire culture around which the entire society rests.
FOR EXAMPLE
Prayers, fast, cricket match, motor vehicles etc.
CULTURAL PATTERN
FOR EXAMPLE
Pattern of transport, pattern of region, pattern of sports etc.
ETH OS

16. FOR EXAMPLE
•Pakistani culture is attributed as religious.
•American culture is competitive.
• Japanese culture is cooperative.
It is the public declaration to control or encourage a given human
activity.
FOR EXAMPLE
Human beings are equal in a culture.
• Russian culture is accommodative.
• THEME
The combinations of two or more cultural patterns result in a theme.

17. SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF
CULTURE
Sociological analysis is a method of studying society and social
phenomena and their underlying structures including social norms, beliefs,
institutions, and power relations.
EXAMPLES OF SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
Sociologists analyze a variety of social pattern and dynamics through
sociological analysis. Some examples include the analysis of social
inequality, social change, and other social phenomena.
interactions to understand their patterns, processes, and impacts
on individual and groups. It involves are critical examination of
social

18. •ANALYSIS SOCIAL INEQUALITY
One important area of sociological analysis is the study of social
FOR EXAMPLE
Sociologist have studies the ways poverty affect access to
healthcare, or how race and gender influence earnings in the labour
change over time and the factor that contribute to those changes.
This might involve studying the impact of new technology on social
interactions, or how social movements can transform social norms and
inequality. Sociologists are interested in understanding how social
inequalities are created, maintained, and reproduce over time.
Potential topic include inequalities in income, education, health, and
political power.
market.
•ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL CHANGE
Another important area of sociological analysis is a study of social
change. Sociologist are interested in understanding how societies

19. FOR EXAMPLE
Sociologists examine the social constructions of gender and how
gender roles are created and enforced through social norms and
And institutions. In fact, sociologist have studied the impact of the
movements on Attitudes toward sexual harassment in the workplace.
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ANALYSIS SOCIAL PHENOMENA
Sociological analysis can also be used to examine social
phenomena more generally that are often taken for granted or
normalized in society.
institutions. Similarly, Sociologists and also interested in the social
construction of race and how racial identities and shaped by social
and historical processes.

20. Conclusion
1. Recap the Importance of Culture:
Begin by summarizing the significance of culture in shaping
societies, identities, and interactions. Emphasize its role in
defining traditions, beliefs, values, and behaviors.
2. Highlight Diversity:
Discuss the vast diversity of cultures worldwide, showcasing
different languages, customs, traditions, art forms, and
cuisines. Illustrate how this diversity enriches our global
tapestry

21. 3. Emphasize Understanding and Respect:
Stress the importance of understanding and respecting
cultural differences. Explain how this fosters empathy,
tolerance, and mutual respect among individuals and
communities
4. Address Challenges:
Acknowledge the challenges of cultural misunderstandings,
stereotypes, and conflicts. Advocate for open-mindedness,
dialogue, and education as solutions to bridge cultural
divides.

22. 5. Celebrate Cultural Exchange:
Celebrate the benefits of cultural exchange and
appreciation. Highlight how exposure to different cultures
broadens perspectives, sparks creativity, and promotes
innovation.
6. Call to Action:
Encourage the audience to actively engage in cross-
cultural learning and exchange. Suggest ways to promote
cultural awareness, such as traveling, participating in
cultural events, and learning languages.

23. 7. **End on a Positive Note**:
Conclude with a hopeful message about the potential for
cultural diversity to unite rather than divide humanity.
Encourage everyone to embrace and celebrate the richness
of cultural heritage in their personal and professional lives

24. Thank
you