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Vital signs (also known as vitals) are a group of the four to five most important Medical
signs that indicate the status of the body’s vital (life-sustaining) functions:
Normal body temperature is ( 36.5-37.5 ° C)-
(97.7-99.5 ° F) Average
Most common are:
Digital Thermometer
Tympanic Thermometer
Temporal artery Thermometer
Infrared Thermometer
Mercury Thermometer
is an instrument used to measure
body temperature
• Types
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Medications:
Kidney Disease:
Hypotension
(Low Blood Pressure):
Hypertension
(High Blood Pressure):
Several medical conditions and lifestyle factors can affect blood pressure
levels. Here are some common ones:
Heart Disease:
Obesity:
Sleep Apnea:
Stress and Anxiety:
Several medical conditions and lifestyle factors can affect blood pressure
levels. Here are some common ones:
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1
2
3
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Equipment for accurate pulse measurement
• Watch or clock with second hand or digital second counter
• Stethoscope
• Pulse Oximeters
• Digital blood pressure monitor
• Pen or pencil
• Flowsheet, chart, or medical record.
 Age
 Sex
Exercise
Fever
Medications
Heat
Stress
Factors Affecting Pulse Rates
Tachycardia – excessively fast heart rate (>100/min)
Bradycardia < 60/min
Respiration
• Respiration is the act of breathing (includes intake
of o2 and co2) Ventilation is another word, which
refer to the movement of air in and out of the
lungs.
• Assessment
• The client should be at rest
• • Assessed by watching the movement of the chest
or abdomen.
abdikarim silaanyo
35
4/28/2024
Respiratory rate
• Rate: is described in rate per minute (PRM)
• Eupnea- normal breathing rate and depth
• Bradypnea- slow respiration
• Tachypnea - fast breathing
4/28/2024
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