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TENDING OPERATION 2_014223.ppt tree improve
- 2. TENDING OPERATION Operation carried out for the benefits of forest crop at any stage of its life .It is essentially covers operation on the crop itself and competing for vegetation and include types; • Weeding • Cleaning • Thinning • Pruning Purpose of tending is producing higher quality timber and thus maximising income.
- 3. WEEDING • Weeding is defined as a tending operation done in the seedling stage in the nursery or in a forest crop, that involves the removal or cutting back of all weeds. • Weeds are controlled by Mechanical methods Biological methods Chemical methods
- 4. MECHANICAL METHODS • Mechanical weed control generally uses some type of mechanical implement pulled by a tractor to physically slice, chop, or uproot small weeds. Mechanical weed control can also include mowing, hand hoeing, or hand removal.
- 5. BIOLOGICAL METHODS • Bioagent like insects, pathogen etc., and other animals are used to control weeds. Insect and pathogens infest weeds and they either reduce growth or kill weeds. Biological control method can reduce weeds but it is not possible to eradicate weeds.
- 6. CHEMICAL METHODS Chemicals that are used to kill plants or weeds are called herbicides. Soil surface application: Herbicides are usually applied to soil surface to form a uniform herbicide layer. The applied herbicides, due to their low solubility may penetrate only few centimeters into the soil.
- 7. CLEANING Used correctly, the term "cleaning" refers to the removal or killing of over topping competitors that are significantly taller than the desired trees, and is usually done in the sapling stage.
- 8. THINNING • Thinning is an effective and powerful forest management tool that promotes tree growth and restores forest health. When thinning, forest operators remove slower-growing or defective trees to provide more space for the remaining trees to grow.
- 9. PRUNING • Pruning is the removal, close to the branch collar, of side branches and multiple leaders from a standing tree (see PLANTATION SILVICULTURE | High Pruning). It is widely practiced to simulate natural branch mortality and increase the timber quality of selected trees.