semen analysis semen spermatogenesis sperm motility sperm count sperm health infertility

1. To perform a
Semen analysis on
a sample of
Semen
Dr. Irtaza Rehman
(Author of the book The Extraordinary Life)

3. Life Lesson

5. To understand
their normal and
abnormal
characteristics on
a semen sample
Learning objective

6. Q. Why testis
descend down in the
scrotum outside the
abdominal cavity??
Ans. Because the
formation of sperm
requires a temperature
lower than that of body
temperature.

7. Spermiogenesis
(Spermatids  Sperms)

8. Spermiogenesis
(Spermatids  Sperms)
• 4 Phases
• Golgi phase: Golgi body enzymes form the
acrosomes
• Acrosomal phase: Acrosome condenses around the
nucleus
• Tail phase: Centriole elongates to form tail
• Maturation phase: Loss of excess cytoplasm

9. Mature Sperm
11 Microtubules
(Axoneme)
Hyaluronidase
Proteolytic enzyme
Average age  13 years Average speed  1-4 mm/min
Time required: 74 days Daily supply  120 Million

11. Ans. A

12. Q. What is the
effect of
temperature
on testosterone
production??
• Ans. No effect

13. Effect of temperature on sperms
Increase in Temperature will
Decrease sperm production
Increase sperm motility
Increase metabolism
Decrease life span

19. Motility of Sperm
Seminiferous tubules/Early epididymis
 Non motile
Epididymis after 18-24h
 ‘capability of motility’
(Inhibited by various factors)
Fully motile after ejaculation
Sperm do not become optimally motile until the pH of the
surrounding fluids rises to about 6.0 to 6.5

20. Hormones stimulating spermatogenesis
• Testosterone: + first stage; Growth & division
• LH: + Leydig cells  Testosterone
• FSH: + Sertoli cells , + Spermiogenesis
• Estrogens: By sertoli cells, + Spermiogenesis
• Growth hormone: Metabolic functions of testis,
+ Early division of spermatogonia

22. Indications of Semen analysis
• Infertility
• Hypogonadism
• Follow up after vasectomy
• Prior to donations for artificial insemination
• Forensic purposes
• Research

23. Sample collection protocols
• Sexual abstinence of 2-7 days
• 2 samples within 7 days to 3 months
• Urinate & wash hands and the penis to avoid
contamination
• Avoid extremes of temperature (35-40 deg C)
• Should be analyzed within 30-60 min

24. What
to
look
at?

26. Quality
&
Quantity
Macroscopic/physical
examination
Microscopic tests
Biochemical test

27. Liquefaction time
Thick, whitish, opaque, viscous  watery, less viscous, translucent fluid
By Proteolytic enzymes in seminal fluid

28. Semen Volume

30. Semen color

34. Semen pH

36. Semen viscosity

44. Sperm morphology

60. Negative/Low
fructose
Obstruction
or absence of
seminal
vesicles

61. In order to examine sperm abnormalities, WHO 2021
specify the criteria of semen analysis as follows:
• Volume should be equal or more than 1.4
milliliters
• Total count should be equal or more than 39
million
• Motility should be equal or more than 42%
• Viability should be equal or more than 54%
• Morphology should be equal or more than 4%

62. Jazakumullahu
Khair ♥
(May ALLAH swt reward
you with goodness)