4. Ruler
King
Were thought to be gods
Wore double crown (white crown of upper and
red of lower Egypt)
Means “great house”
Pyramids
Dead
Liked cats
Wealthy
8. Flows north, unlike most
other rivers
Source of water for Egypt
Flooded each year which helped
Water crops(river silt helped to make soil
fertile so crops would grow)
Had waterfalls called cataracts
Provided transportation for trade
Shadufs were used to move water from canals
to crops
9.
10. Canals
Shadufs with buckets
Plants were watered
Farmers were able to plant more
Crops
Floods each year helped to
water crops
Enabled them to use more
land for farming
11.
12. Flax (used to make linen)
Cotton
Wheat (used for staple food)
Figs and grapes
Barley (used for staple food)
Radishes, onions, cucumbers and lettuce
13.
14. In early times they made them out of
bundles of reeds from river.
Later they made mud brick
Homes like on right.
Limestone for pyramids and
very fancy homes.
15.
16. Lowest-slaves
Servants/unskilled workers
Farmers and herders
Scribes, artisans, people with a trade
Priests and nobles
Pharaoh
17.
18. Scribes did the writing
Writing was called Hieroglyphs or
hieroglyphics
Symbols and pictures
Found on walls of pyramids
Used by record keepers
19.
20. Egyptians used geography and advanced
math to plan their buildings and replot
property lines after the yearly floods
Egyptian papyrus scrolls discuss stitching
cuts and performing surgery as well as using
remedies similar to modern day ones to cure
headaches and prevent infection
21.
22. They were polytheists
Priests worked in the temples and had a
special place in society
Priests were fed and cared for by the people
Were extremely clean
People felt the gods were mad at them when
something bad happened
23.
24. Egyptians believed in an afterlife
They embalmed the bodies of their dead,
using natron a salt that mummified the
bodies
Tombs were used to house
the dead for average families,
while pyramids were used by
pharaohs
25.
26. First pyramid was believed to be build by
King Djoser in 2630 BC ( it was a step
pyramid)
King Khufu built the Great Pyramid at Giza
about 80 years later
28. Egypt’s Beginnings
• First Three dynasties and Merging of Upper and Lower
• Egypt in 3100 BC; King Djoser builds step pyramid in 2630 BC
Old Kingdom
• 2575BC Old Kingdom Begins; pyramids built esp. Khufu’s Great Pyramid
• 2160 BC Central power of Pharaohs breaks down and Egypt suffered for 100 years
Middle Kingdom
• 2055 BC Mentuhotep II takes control and Middle Kingdom begins
• Amenemhet I founds the 12th dynasty and rules for 22 years; his dynasty rules for 200 years
• 1630 BC The Hyksos invade and rule Egypt for 100 years
New Kingdom
• Egypt overthrows the Hyksos and the New Kingdom begins; it is a period marked by many
strong pharaohs
• 1472 BC Hatshepsut-first female pharaoh, “steals” throne from stepson
• 1353 BC Akhenaton becomes pharaoh; promoted worship of Sun god Aton singularly
• 1333 BC Tutankhamen takes over and restores polytheism
• 1279 BC Ramses II takes throne and rules for 66 years extends Egypt’s land greatly
• After his death, Egypt weakened and was ruled by foreign powers for a 1000 years
• In 525 BC the Persians took over, followed by the Greeks in the 300’s
29. Kush Civilization
• Nubia was controlled by Egypt until
central power broke down
• When the less powerful rulers in Egypt
couldn’t control Nubia any more, the
Kush civilization grew up
• Around 750 BC Piye, the Kushite king,
began defeating enemies up and down
the Nile until he controlled all of Egypt
and was declared pharaoh.
• In 671 BC, the Assyrians invaded and
ended Kushite rule in Egypt.
