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Dr S. Karthikeyan, Prof P. Vijayaraghavan’s Unit Stanley Medical College
Definition  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Acute kidney injury classification -ADQI
RIFLE criteria
Serum Creatinine as a marker for AKI and GFR ,[object Object],[object Object]
Serum Creatinine (mg/dl) GFR (ml/min per 1.73m 2 ) 1.0 0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 20 0
[object Object],Relationship between GFR and serum creatinine in ARF 40 80 0 GFR (mL/min) 0 7 14 21 28 4 Days 2 0 6 Serum  Creatinine (mg/dL)
Creatinine is not an ideal marker ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
NEW MARKER ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
NOVEL BIOMARKERS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Spectrum of AKI ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Injury
PRE-RENAL  ( Hemodynamic ) AKI PRERENAL AKI Generalized or localized  reduction in RBF ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Cardiogenic shock Distributive  shock  (sepsis, anaphylaxis) Cardiac failure Hepatic cirrhosis Nephrotic syndrome NSAIDs  ACEI / ARBs AAA RAS /occlusion Reduced GFR
Pre renal AKI  characteristics: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Tubular Glomerular Vascular Interstitial ATN Ischemia (50%) Toxins (30%) Ac. Interstitial nephritis Drug induced  - NSAIDs, antibiotics Infiltrative - lymphoma Granulomatous-  sarcoidosis, tuberculosis Infection related  - post-infective, pyelonephritis Vascular occlusions -  Renal artery occlusion  - Renal vein thrombosis - Cholesterol emboli ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],5% 85% 8 -12% < 2%
ATN ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ATN cont…. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],10 mm of Hg PaO2
 
Phases of ATN  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ATN  characteristics: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Intrinsic ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Extrinsic Post-renal Urinary outflow tract obstruction
Complications ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Approach to a patient with AKI ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DD of  Azotemia ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Contd… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
INVESTIGATIONS  Biochemistry ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
RBC s  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Casts: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Crystals  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Haematology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Immunology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Immunology... ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Serology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Management principles in ARF ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Management principles... ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Management of complications  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Contd…. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Contd … ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Absolute indication for dialysis  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Thank you  Thank you

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CME: Acute Renal failure

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. This slide depicts the inverse relationship between P Cr and GFR (measured by inulin clearance) in a large number of subjects with varying degrees of renal function. The hyperbolic relationship between P Cr and GFR complicates the use of absolute increments in P Cr (e.g., &gt; 0.5 or 1.0 mg/dl) as yardsticks for defining acute renal failure.
  2. One of the things to bear in mind when we are talking about acute renal failure is that our marker for acute renal failure is generally the serum creatinine concentration, but this is a relatively poor marker of renal function. Certainly, there are issues related to the correlation between creatinine and level of GFR related to protein mass so that a creatinine of 1 does not represent the same level of GFR in a cachectic 70-year-old as in a highly muscular 25-year-old, but in addition the change in serum creatinine that occurs lags behind the change in GFR that is seen with acute renal failure. Here you see the abrupt drop in GFR in a patient with acute renal failure, but the serum creatinine lags behind so that it may not start going up for 24 or 36 hours after the acute insult and certainly when we see a patient with aggressively rising serum creatinine, that does not mean that the renal function is continuing to deteriorate. The GFR may be close to 0 and be maintained at that level close to 0 during that period of time. The creatinine has not come back into a steady state at this new very low GFR.