This program takes a detailed look at a masonry cavity wall’s moisture management system, analyzing the components of air space, flashing, weeps, air barrier, mortar joints, drainage accessories, the masonry materials themselves, and perhaps the most critical component to a watertight wall, workmanship procedures. It will look at details and conditions throughout the wall that present unique opportunities for moisture intrusion via bulk water, air infiltration, and vapor diffusion, and how to mitigate moisture at these conditions.

1. MOISTURE CONTROL
FOR MASONRY
presented by International Masonry Institute

2. International Union International
of Bricklayers and Masonry
Allied Craftworkers Institute
LIFELONG LEARNING
Pre-job and apprentice training
Journeyman upgrade training
Safety, scaffold, OSHA training
Craftworker
certification training
Supervisor certification
Sustainable Masonry
Certification Program
Contractor College

3. BUILDING CODES
IBC: the legally
adopted model code
MSJC: the
referenced standard
IBC supersedes MSJC
at points of conflict
MSJC date will be
one year prior to
companion IBC
2009 IBC goes
with 2008 MSJC
2012 IBC goes
with 2011 MSJC
IBC & MSJC

4. 2012 INTERNATIONAL BUILDING CODE
CHAPTER 21 - MASONRY
SECTION 2101 GENERAL
2101.2.6 Masonry Veneer
Masonry veneer shall comply
with the provisions of Chapter
14 or Chapter 6 of TMS
402/ACI 530/ASCE 5.
SECTION 2104 CONSTRUCTION
2104.1 Masonry Construction
Masonry construction shall
comply with the requirements
of Sections 2104.1.1 through
2104.4 and with TMS 402/ACI
530/ASCE 5.

5. MOISTURE
RESISTANCE

6. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
Brick & mortar leak
Wall system must address moisture penetration

7. 2011 MSJC
2011 Building Code Requirements for Masonry
Structures (TMS 402/ACI 530/ASCE 5)
CHAPTER 6 - VENEER
6.1 GENERAL
6.1.2 Design of Anchored Veneer
e) Water will penetrate the veneer and
the wall system should be designed,
detailed, and constructed to prevent
water penetration into the building.
(commentary)
6.1.6 General Design Requirements
Water penetration through the
exterior veneer is expected. The wall
system must be designed and
constructed to prevent water from
entering the building. (commentary)

8. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
CAVITY WALL
[DRAINAGE WALL]

9. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
REQUIRED by Code
Air space
Flashing
Weep holes
Air Barrier*
OPTIONAL
Mortar Dropping
Collection Device
(MDCD)
* depends on project location

11. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
AIR SPACE

12. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
 2” recommended
 1” min.
for veneers,
per code
 4½” max. btwn.
brick & backup
AIR SPACE © 2009 INTERNATIONAL MASONRY INSTITUTE

13. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
2” recommended
1” min. for veneers
per ACI 530 Code
4½” max. between
brick and backup
AIR SPACE © 2009 INTERNATIONAL MASONRY INSTITUTE

14. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
No mortar bridging
across the cavity!
AIR SPACE © 2009 INTERNATIONAL MASONRY INSTITUTE

15. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
2” 2”
AIR SPACE

16. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
CLEAN CAVITIES

17. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
Bevel the bed joints
CLEAN CAVITIES

18. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
Mortar Dropping Collection Device (MDCD)
CLEAN CAVITIES

19. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
Mortar Dropping Collection Device (MDCD)
CLEAN CAVITIES

20. CONCRETE MASONRY
BACKUP
AIR/WATER/VAPOR
BARRIER AS REQ’D
BRICK & BLOCK CAVITY WALL
HORIZONTAL JOINT
REINFORCEMENT W/
INTEGRAL WALL TIES
2” AIR SPACE
RECOMMENDED;
1” MIN. REQ’D FOR
DRAINAGE WALLS
THRU-WALL FLASHING
TO EXTEND PAST TOP
OF CAVITY INSERT
CAVITY INSERT/MORTAR
COLLECTION DEVICE
RIGID INSUL.
BRICK VENEER
WEEP VENT
METAL DRIP EDGE SET
IN MASTIC OR SEALANT
International Masonry Institute
MASONRY
DETAILING
FOUNDATION DETAIL SERIES
DETAIL 01.102 REV. 10/14/07 800-IMI-0988 www.imiweb.org
© 2007 INTERNATIONAL MASONRY INSTITUTE

21. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
Full-height cavity insert
CLEAN CAVITIES

22. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
Cleanout openings
CLEAN CAVITIES

23. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
AIR BARRIER

24. AIR BARRIER: DEFINITION
The International Energy Conservation Code defines
an air barrier as:
“material(s) assembled and joined together to
provide a barrier to air leakage through the
building envelope. An air barrier may be a
single material or a combination of materials.”
ABAA and IECC recognize air barriers in terms of:
• materials
• components
• assemblies
• systems

25. AIR BARRIER: DEFINITION
A material, assembly, or system that restricts
air leakage (flow)…
L/s (cf/m)
over an area of wall…
m2 (sf)
at a difference of air pressure
Pa (psf)
Source: ASTM E 2178, Standard Test Method for Air Permeance of Building Materials

26. IBC: WATER-RESISTIVE BARRIER
2012 International Building Code
CHAPTER 14 – EXTERIOR WALLS
Section 1403 Performance Requirements
1403.2 Weather protection
Exterior walls shall provide the building with a
weather-resistant exterior wall envelope. The
envelope shall be designed and constructed in
such a manner as to prevent the accumulation of
water within the wall assembly by providing a
water-resistive barrier behind the exterior veneer,
as described in Section 1404.2.
Protection against condensation in the exterior
wall assembly shall be provided in accordance
with Section 1405.3
Exception:
A weather-resistant exterior wall envelope shall
not be required over masonry walls designed in
accordance with Chapter 21.

27. MSJC: WATER-RESISTANT MEMBRANE
2011 Building Code Requirements for Masonry
Structures (TMS 402/ACI 530/ASCE 5)
CHAPTER 6 - VENEER
6.1 GENERAL
6.1.6 General Design
Requirements
6.1.6.1
Design and detail the backing system
of exterior veneer to resist water
penetration. Exterior sheathing shall
be covered with a water-resistant
membrane, unless the sheathing is
water resistant and the joints are
sealed.

28. IBC REFERENCES IECC
2012 International Building Code
CHAPTER 13 – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Section 1301 GENERAL
1301.1.1 Criteria
Buildings shall be designed and
constructed in accordance with the
International Energy Conservation
Code.

29. AIR LEAKAGE
2012 International Energy Conservation Code
CHAPTER 4
COMMERCIAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY
SECTION C402
BUILDING ENVELOPE REQUIREMENTS
C402.4 Air Leakage (Mandatory)
The thermal envelope of buildings
shall comply with Sections C402.4.1
through C402.4.8

30. AIR BARRIERS
2012 International Energy Conservation Code
CHAPTER 4
COMMERCIAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY
SECTION C402
BUILDING ENVELOPE REQUIREMENTS
C402.4.1 Air Barriers
A continuous air barrier shall be
provided throughout the building
thermal envelope. The air barriers shall
be permitted to be located on the inside
our outside of the building envelope,
located within the assemblies
composing the envelope, or any
combination thereof. The air barrier
shall comply with C402.4.1.1. and
C402.4.1.2
Exception: Air barriers are not required
in buildings located in Climate Zones 1,
2, and 3.

31. AIR BARRIER CONSTRUCTION
2012 International Energy Conservation Code
C402.4.1.1 Air Barrier Construction
1. The air barrier shall be continuous for all
assemblies that are the thermal envelope of
the building, and across the joints and
assemblies.*
* Not required if building envelope passes ASTM
E779 Standard Test Method for Determining
Air Leakage Rate by Fan Pressurization.
2. Air barrier joints and seams shall be sealed,
including sealing transitions in places and
changes in materials. Air barrier
penetrations shall be sealed in accordance
with Section C402.4.2
The joints and seals shall be securely
installed… as not to … impair its ability to
resist positive and negative pressure from
wind, stack effect, and mechanical
ventilation.

32. AIR BARRIER COMPLIANCE OPTIONS
2012 International Energy Conservation Code
C402.4.1.2 Air Barrier Compliance Options
A continuous air barrier for the opaque
building envelope shall comply with any one
of the following:
C402.4.1.2.1 Materials & Components
or
C402.4.1.2.2 Assemblies
or
C402.4.1.2.3 System

33. AIR BARRIER DEFINITIONS
An AB material is a primary material used to resist air
leakage.
An AB component is a product like sealant or tape used
to create continuity between air barrier materials.
An AB assembly is a collection of AB materials and
components assembled together in a specific manner to
create continuity.
An AB system is a system of building assemblies within
the building enclosure designed, installed, and integrated
in such a manner as to stop the uncontrolled flow of air
into and out of the building enclosure.
Source: Air Barrier Association of America (ABAA)

34. AIR BARRIER DEFINITIONS
A material or component is an air barrier if it meets these
maximum criteria:
.02 L/s per m2 @ 75 Pa (.004 cfm/sf @ 1.56 psf)
1/2” sheet of gypsum board without seams, joints, or penetrations

35. AIR BARRIER DEFINITIONS
A material or component is an air barrier if it meets these
maximum criteria:
.02 L/s per m2 @ 75 Pa (.004 cfm/sf @ 1.56 psf)
An assembly is an air barrier if it meets these maximum
criteria:
0.2 L/s per m2 @ 75 Pa (0.04 cfm/sf @ 1.56 psf)
A system is an air barrier if it meets these maximum
criteria:
2.0 L/s per m2 @ 75 Pa (0.4 cfm/sf @ 1.56 psf)

36. AIR BARRIER MATERIALS
2012 International Energy Conservation Code
C402.4.1.2.1 Air Barrier Materials
These materials meet the criteria of
.02 L/s per m2 @ 75 Pa (.004 cfm/sf @ 1.56 psf)
• 3/8” thick plywood
• 3/8” thick OSB
• 1/2” thick XPS insulation
• 1/2” thick foil-backed polyisocyanurate insul.
• 1½” thick, 1.5 pcf closed cell spray foam
• 1/2” thick exterior or interior gyp bd. or cement bd.
• 5/8” thick Portland cement/sand parge
• 5/8” thick gypsum plaster
• C.I.P. or precast concrete
• Fully grouted CMU

37. AIR BARRIER ASSEMBLIES
2012 International Energy Conservation Code
C402.4.1.2.2 Air Barrier Assemblies
These assemblies meet the criteria of
0.2 L/s per m2 @ 75 Pa (.04 cfm/sf @ 1.56 psf)
• Concrete masonry walls coated with one
application of block filler and two
applications of a paint or sealer coating.
• A Portland cement/sand parge, stucco or
plaster minimum 1/2” thick.

38. AIR BARRIER SYSTEM
2012 International Energy Conservation Code
C402.4.1.2.3 Building Test
Completed building (system) shall be tested and meet
criteria of
2.0 L/s per m2 @ 75 Pa (0.4 cfm/sf @ 1.56 psf)
ASTM E779 Standard Test
Method for Determining Air
Leakage Rate by Fan
Pressurization

39. AIR BARRIER ATTRIBUTES
• Impermeable
• Continuous Coverage
• Bridging Capability
• Expected Service Life (Durability)
• Secure
• Environmentally & Worker Friendly

40. MOISTURE PENETRATION RESISTANCE
Parged Mortar Sprayed Bituminous
Spray polyurethane foam
Rolled Bituminous
Sheet membranes
AIR BARRIER TYPES

41. MOISTURE PENETRATION RESISTANCE
Prep wall by caulking any open joints Tool caulk joints
AIR BARRIER © 2009 INTERNATIONAL MASONRY INSTITUTE

42. MOISTURE PENETRATION RESISTANCE
Spray on first coat Roll membrane to required thickness
AIR BARRIER © 2009 INTERNATIONAL MASONRY INSTITUTE

43. OPTION 1: AB, FLASHING OPTION 2: FLASHING, AB

44. AIR BARRIER PENETRATIONS & JOINTS
2012 International Energy Conservation Code
C402.4.2 Air Barrier Penetrations
Penetrations of the air barrier and paths of
air leakage shall be caulked, gasketed, or
otherwise sealed.
Joints and seals shall be sealed in the same
manner or taped or covered with a moisture
permeable wrapping material.
Joints and seals shall be securely installed in
or on the joint for its entire length so as not to
dislodge, loosen or otherwise impair its
ability to resist positive and negative
pressure from wind, stack effect and
mechanical ventilation.

45. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
FLASHING

46. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
Design and detail flashing and weep holes
in exterior veneer wall systems to resist
water penetration into the building interior.
ACI 530-02/ASCE 5-02/TMS 402-02, Chapter 6 Veneer, Section 6.1.5.2
 What type?
 What thickness?
 What locations?
FLASHING – CODE REQUIREMENT

47. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
“Approved, corrosion-resistant
flashing” shall be provided in the
exterior wall envelope in such a
manner as to prevent entry of
water into the wall cavity or
penetration of water into the
building structural framing
components.
ACI 530-02/ASCE 5-02/TMS 402-02,
Chapter 6 Veneer, Section 6.1.5.2
FLASHING TYPES

50. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
Plastic flashing
should be at least 30
mil thick
BIA Tech Note 28: Anchored Brick Veneer
Wood Frame Construction
FLASHING THICKNESS

51. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
sills shelf angles
top of wall
base of wall above openings
FLASHING APPLICATIONS

52. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
Beneath the first course of masonry
above finished ground level
Other points of support such as
shelf angles and lintels
At top of all exterior window
and door openings
At intersection of chimneys
Under sills
At wall and roof intersections
ACI 530-02/ASCE 5-02/TMS 402-02, Chapter 6 Veneers
FLASHING LOCATIONS

53. FLASHING LOCATIONS

54. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
BASE OF WALL

55. FLASHING – BASE OF WALL

56. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
Keep top of foundation
above grade if possible
Don’t bury the weeps!
RISING DAMP

57. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
best
practice alternate
FOUNDATION HEIGHT © 2009 INTERNATIONAL MASONRY INSTITUTE

58. 2” AIR SPACE RECOMMENDED;
1” MIN. REQ’D FOR DRAINAGE WALLS
AIR/MOISTURE/VAPOR
BARRIER AS REQUIRED
HORIZONTAL JOINT REIN-
FORCEMENT W/ EYE & PINTLE
WALL TIES @ 16” O.C.
RIGID INSULATION
GROUT & REINFORCEMENT
AS REQUIRED
RETURN FLASHING INTO
BED JOINT OF BLOCK
CONCRETE
MASONRY BACKUP
BRICK VENEER
FLEXIBLE FLASHING – SEAL
& ADHERE TO DRIP EDGE
WEEP VENT INSERTS (TOP &
BOTTOM OF WALL; SEE NOTES
ON COMPARTMENTALIZATION)
DRIP EDGE – SEAL AND
ADHERE TO FOUNDATION
FOUNDATION DETAIL FLEX. FLASHING IN CMU, DRIP EDGE
DETAIL 01.030.0305 REV. 07/01/09
© 2009 INTERNATIONAL MASONRY INSTITUTE

59. 2” AIR SPACE RECOMMENDED;
1” MIN. REQ’D FOR DRAINAGE WALLS
AIR/MOISTURE/VAPOR
BARRIER AS REQUIRED
HORIZONTAL JOINT REIN-
FORCEMENT W/ EYE & PINTLE
WALL TIES @ 16” O.C.
RIGID INSULATION
GROUT & REINFORCEMENT
AS REQUIRED
MECH. FASTENED
TERMINATION BAR W/
CONT. SEALANT @ TOP
CONCRETE
MASONRY BACKUP
BRICK VENEER
FLEXIBLE FLASHING – SEAL
& ADHERE TO DRIP EDGE
WEEP VENT INSERTS (TOP &
BOTTOM OF WALL; SEE NOTES
ON COMPARTMENTALIZATION)
DRIP EDGE – SEAL AND
ADHERE TO FOUNDATION
FOUNDATION DETAIL FLEX. FLASHING, DRIP EDGE, TERM. BAR
DETAIL 01.030.0301 REV. 07/01/09
© 2009 INTERNATIONAL MASONRY INSTITUTE

60. 2” AIR SPACE RECOMMENDED;
1” MIN. REQ’D FOR DRAINAGE WALLS
AIR/MOISTURE/VAPOR
BARRIER AS REQUIRED
HORIZONTAL JOINT REIN-
FORCEMENT W/ EYE & PINTLE
WALL TIES @ 16” O.C.
RIGID INSULATION
GROUT & REINFORCEMENT
AS REQUIRED
MECH. FASTENED
TERMINATION BAR W/
CONT. SEALANT @ TOP
CONCRETE
MASONRY BACKUP
BRICK VENEER
FLEXIBLE FLASHING – SEAL
MORTAR DROPPING & ADHERE TO DRIP EDGE
COLLECTION DEVICE (MDCD)
WEEP VENT INSERTS (TOP &
BOTTOM OF WALL; SEE NOTES
ON COMPARTMENTALIZATION)
DRIP EDGE – SEAL AND
ADHERE TO FOUNDATION
FOUNDATION DETAIL FLEX. FLASHING, DRIP EDGE, TERM. BAR, MDCD
DETAIL 01.030.0302 REV. 07/01/09
© 2009 INTERNATIONAL MASONRY INSTITUTE

61. 2” AIR SPACE RECOMMENDED;
1” MIN. REQ’D FOR DRAINAGE WALLS
AIR/MOISTURE/VAPOR
BARRIER AS REQUIRED
HORIZONTAL JOINT REIN-
FORCEMENT W/ EYE & PINTLE
WALL TIES @ 16” O.C.
RIGID INSULATION
GROUT & REINFORCEMENT
AS REQUIRED
MECH. FASTENED
TERMINATION BAR W/
CONT. SEALANT @ TOP
CONCRETE
MASONRY BACKUP
BRICK VENEER
FLEXIBLE FLASHING FLUSH
MORTAR DROPPING W/ OUTSIDE FACE OF BRICK
COLLECTION DEVICE (MDCD)
WEEP VENT INSERTS (TOP &
BOTTOM OF WALL; SEE NOTES
ON COMPARTMENTALIZATION)
FOUNDATION DETAIL FLEX. FLASHING NO DRIP; TERM. BAR, MDCD
DETAIL 01.030.0303 REV. 07/01/09
© 2009 INTERNATIONAL MASONRY INSTITUTE

62. 2” AIR SPACE RECOMMENDED;
1” MIN. REQ’D FOR DRAINAGE WALLS
AIR/MOISTURE/VAPOR
BARRIER AS REQUIRED
HORIZONTAL JOINT REIN-
FORCEMENT W/ EYE & PINTLE
WALL TIES @ 16” O.C.
RIGID INSULATION
GROUT & REINFORCEMENT
AS REQUIRED
RETURN FLASHING INTO
BED JOINT OF BLOCK
CONCRETE
MASONRY BACKUP
BRICK VENEER
FLEXIBLE FLASHING – SEAL
MORTAR DROPPING & ADHERE TO DRIP EDGE
COLLECTION DEVICE (MDCD)
WEEP VENT INSERTS (TOP &
BOTTOM OF WALL; SEE NOTES
ON COMPARTMENTALIZATION)
DRIP EDGE – SEAL AND
ADHERE TO FOUNDATION
FOUNDATION DETAIL FLEX. FLASHING IN CMU, DRIP EDGE
DETAIL 01.030.0306 REV. 07/01/09
© 2009 INTERNATIONAL MASONRY INSTITUTE

63. 2” AIR SPACE RECOMMENDED;
1” MIN. REQ’D FOR DRAINAGE WALLS
AIR/MOISTURE/VAPOR
BARRIER AS REQUIRED
HORIZONTAL JOINT REIN-
FORCEMENT W/ EYE & PINTLE
WALL TIES @ 16” O.C.
RIGID INSULATION
GROUT & REINFORCEMENT
AS REQUIRED
MECH. FASTENED
TERMINATION BAR W/
CONT. SEALANT @ TOP
BRICK VENEER
CONCRETE
MASONRY BACKUP
MORTAR DROPPING
COLLECTION DEVICE (MDCD)
METAL FLASHING W/
INTEGRAL DRIP EDGE
WEEP VENT INSERTS (TOP &
BOTTOM OF WALL; SEE NOTES
ON COMPARTMENTALIZATION)
FOUNDATION DETAIL METAL FLASHING, TERM. BAR, MDCD
DETAIL 01.030.0311 REV. 07/01/09
© 2009 INTERNATIONAL MASONRY INSTITUTE

64. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
SILLS

65. FLASHING – SILL

66. SILL/JAMB DETAIL
HIGH PERFORMING MASONRY WALL

67. WOOD BLOCKING FOR
WINDOW ANCHORAGE ALTERNATE
FLASHING
LOCATION
WINDOW STOOL
NOT SHOWN
WINDOW ASSEMBLY
FLASHING RIGID FLASHING TO SPAN
END DAM ACROSS DRAINAGE CAVITY
RIGID INSULATION
HORIZONTAL JOINT
REINFORCEMENT
MASONRY EXPANSION
JOINT AS REQUIRED
MASONRY SILL W/ 1/8” x
1/8” CONT. SAW-CUT DRIP
SILL DETAIL MASONRY SILL, RIGID FLASHING
DETAIL 01.030.0401 REV. 07/28/09
© 2009 INTERNATIONAL MASONRY INSTITUTE

68. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
FLASHING - SILLS

69. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
Best practice: Use limestone
or precast sills
Slope rowlocks at least 15º
SILLS

70. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
HEADS

71. FLASHING – HEAD

72. HEAD DETAIL
HIGH PERFORMING MASONRY WALL

73. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
Larger unit modules make end dams difficult
FLASHING – END DAMS

74. BRICK & BLOCK CAVITY WALL
DETAIL FEATURES EXTERIOR VIEW INTERIOR VIEW
• LOOSE LINTEL AT BRICK
• STEEL ANGLES AT BLOCK
• LIGHT GAUGE SUPPORT International Masonry Institute
ACROSS CAVITY
MASONRY
DETAILING
HEAD DETAIL STEEL LINTEL W/ DOUBLE ANGLE SERIES
DETAIL 01.303 REV. 09/06/07 800-IMI-0988 www.imiweb.org
© 2007 INTERNATIONAL MASONRY INSTITUTE

75. BRICK & BLOCK CAVITY WALL
INTERIOR VIEW
DETAIL FEATURES
• LOOSE LINTEL AT BRICK
• BOND BEAM AT BLOCK International Masonry Institute
• LIGHT GAUGE SUPPORT EXTERIOR VIEW
ACROSS CAVITY MASONRY
DETAILING
HEAD DETAIL STEEL LINTEL & BOND BEAM SERIES
DETAIL 01.301 REV. 09/04/07 800-IMI-0988 www.imiweb.org
© 2007 INTERNATIONAL MASONRY INSTITUTE

76. SPANNING OPENINGS
Poly-wrapped steel angles used for temporary support
CAST-IN-PLACE MASONRY LINTEL

77. SPANNING OPENINGS
Precast masonry lintel fabricated on the ground
PRECAST LINTELS

78. SPANNING OPENINGS
Lintel is hoisted by lift
PRECAST LINTELS

79. SPANNING OPENINGS
Precast lintel set into place
PRECAST LINTELS

80. SPANNING OPENINGS
10-foot span
PRECAST LINTELS

81. FLASHING – HEAD

82. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
RELIEVING ANGLES

83. 2” AIR SPACE
RECOMMENDED; 1”
HORIZONTAL JOINT MIN. REQ’D FOR
BRICK & BLOCK CAVITY WALL
REINFORCEMENT W/ DRAINAGE WALLS
INTEGRAL WALL TIES
RIGID INSUL.
THRU-WALL FLASHING W/
METAL DRIP EDGE SET IN ADJUSTABLE
MASTIC OR SEALANT SHELF ANGLE
WEEP/VENT
TYPICAL FACE
ADJUSTABLE BRICK ABOVE &
SHELF ANGLE BELOW ANGLE
SEALANT & BACKER ROD
International Masonry Institute
COMPRESSIBLE
FILLER, OPTIONAL MASONRY
DETAILING
SHELF ANGLE DETAIL TYP. FACE BRICK SERIES
DETAIL 01.501 REV. 06/19/08 800-IMI-0988 www.imiweb.org
© 2008 INTERNATIONAL MASONRY INSTITUTE

84. HORIZONTAL JOINT 2” AIR SPACE
REINFORCEMENT W/ RECOMMENDED; 1”
INTEGRAL WALL TIES MIN. REQ’D FOR
DRAINAGE WALLS
BRICK & BLOCK CAVITY WALL
THRU-WALL FLASHING W/
METAL DRIP EDGE SET IN
MASTIC OR SEALANT
RIGID INSUL.
WEEP/VENT
ADJUSTABLE.
SHELF ANGLE
LIPPED BRICK,
OPTIONAL
SEALANT & BACKER ROD
International Masonry Institute
COMPRESSIBLE
FILLER, OPTIONAL MASONRY
DETAILING
SHELF ANGLE DETAIL – LIPPED BRICK SERIES
DETAIL 01.502 REV. 10/14/07 800-IMI-0988 www.imiweb.org
© 2007 INTERNATIONAL MASONRY INSTITUTE

85. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
Too many
relieving angles
FLASHING – RELIEVING ANGLES

86. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
ROOF-WALL
CONNECTION

87. FLASHING – ROOF/WALL CONNECTION

88. CMU BACKUP
FACE BRICK CAVITY INSUL.
THRU-WALL
BRICK & BLOCK CAVITY WALL
FLASHING
ROOF MEMBRANE CUT BLOCK
BELOW FLASHING
COUNTER-
FLASHING
SHEET METAL
RECEIVER
THRU-WALL
FLASHING
WEEP
VENT
TERMINATION BAR
W/ CONT. SEALANT
ROOF STRUCTURE
HORIZONTAL JOINT REINF. International Masonry Institute
@ 16” O.C. W/ INTEGRAL
WALL TIES MASONRY
DETAILING
ROOF DETAIL HIGH WALL – LOW ROOF SERIES
DETAIL 01.704 REV. 11/6/07 800-IMI-0988 www.imiweb.org
© 2007 INTERNATIONAL MASONRY INSTITUTE

89. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
TOP OF WALL

90. FLASHING – TOP OF WALL

91. BRICK & BLOCK CAVITY WALL
MASONRY COPING: LIMESTONE, CAST
STONE, CALCIUM SILICATE, OR
PRECAST CONCRETE; OVERHANG S.S. DOWEL W/ SEALANT
MASONRY WALL 1½” MIN.; SLOPED AROUND PENETRATIONS
TOP THROUGH FLASHING
1/8” SAW-CUT DRIP,
BOTH SIDES OF
WALL CAP SEE DETAIL 01.759 FOR
WALL CAP JOINT OPTIONS
SEALANT & BACKER
ROD, BOTH SIDES THROUGH-WALL
OF WALL CAP FLASHING W/
1/2” DRIP EDGE
GROUT OR MORTAR
FILL FOR DOWEL
ANCHORAGE AND
FLASHING SUPPORT SEALANT BELOW DRIP,
OPT. (NOT SHOWN)
MESH TO RETAIN
GROUT OR MORTAR
FILL
DRAINAGE CAVITY
GROUT & REINFORCING
FACE BRICK AS REQ’D.
HORIZONTAL JOINT
RIGID INSULATION REINFORCEMENT
W/ WALL TIES
International Masonry Institute
MASONRY
DETAILING
MASONRY WALL CAP FILLED CAVITY SERIES
DETAIL 01.752 REV. 11/04/08 800-IMI-0988 www.imiweb.org
© 2008 INTERNATIONAL MASONRY INSTITUTE

92. BRICK & BLOCK CAVITY WALL
MASONRY COPING: LIMESTONE, CAST
STONE, CALCIUM SILICATE, OR S.S. DOWEL W/ SEALANT
PRECAST CONCRETE; OVERHANG AROUND PENETRATIONS
MASONRY WALL 1½” MIN.; SLOPED THROUGH FLASHING
TOP
1/8” SAW-CUT DRIP,
BOTH SIDES OF
WALL CAP SEE DETAIL 01.759 FOR
WALL CAP JOINT OPTIONS
SEALANT & BACKER
ROD, BOTH SIDES CANTED S.S. THRU-WALL
OF WALL CAP FLASHING W/ 1/2”
EXPOSED DRIP EDGE
FACE BRICK
SLOPED MORTAR
BED TO SUPPORT
CANTED FLASHING, SEALANT BELOW DRIP,
OPT. OPT. (NOT SHOWN)
RIGID INSULATION
OPEN DRAINAGE
CAVITY, OPTIONAL
ABOVE ROOF LINE;
ALSO SEE DETAIL GROUT & REINFORCING
01.752 AS REQ’D.
HORIZONTAL JOINT
REINFORCEMENT
W/ WALL TIES
International Masonry Institute
MASONRY
DETAILING
MASONRY WALL CAP OPEN CAVITY SERIES
DETAIL 01.751 REV. 11/04/08 800-IMI-0988 www.imiweb.org
© 2008 INTERNATIONAL MASONRY INSTITUTE

93. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
Drill through flashing for anchor Seal around dowel penetration
TOP OF WALL

94. SINGLE WYTHE BLOCK
MASONRY COPING: LIMESTONE, CAST
STONE, CALCIUM SILICATE, OR
PRECAST CONCRETE; OVERHANG
MASONRY WALL 1½” MIN.; SLOPED TOP
SEE DETAIL 01.759 FOR
S.S. DOWEL W/ SEALANT WALL CAP JOINT OPTIONS
AROUND PENETRATIONS
THROUGH FLASHING
S.S. FLASHING DRIP,
SEALANT & BACKER BOTH SIDES OF CAP
ROD, BOTH SIDES
OF WALL CAP 1/8” SAW-CUT DRIP,
BOTH SIDES OF WALL
CAP
GROUT OR MORTAR FILL
FOR DOWEL ANCHORAGE
AND FLASHING SUPPORT SEALANT BELOW DRIP,
OPT. (NOT SHOWN)
MESH TO RETAIN
GROUT OR MORTAR FILL
HORIZONTAL JOINT
REINFORCEMENT
International Masonry Institute
MASONRY
DETAILING
MASONRY WALL CAP SINGLE WYTHE CMU SERIES
DETAIL 03.701 REV. 11/04/08 800-IMI-0988 www.imiweb.org
© 2008 INTERNATIONAL MASONRY INSTITUTE

95. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
FLASHING – TOP OF WALL

96. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
Rowlock caps not Limestone, manufactured stone, or
recommended precast concrete caps are better
TOP OF WALL

97. BRICK & BLOCK CAVITY WALL
OPTION 1 OPTION 2
TOOLED MORTAR JOINT RAKE BACK MORTAR AND
APPLY SEALANT JOINT
OPTION 3
SEALANT AND
BACKER ROD
Rowlock caps not International Masonry Institute
recommended MASONRY
DETAILING
MASONRY COPING JOINTS SERIES
DETAIL 01.759 REV. 11/04/08 800-IMI-0988 www.imiweb.org
© 2008 INTERNATIONAL MASONRY INSTITUTE

98. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
TOP OF WALL

99. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
Damage is more severe
below joints in coping
Freeze-thaw damage Flashing is held back from face
at top courses
FLASHING – PROBLEMS TO AVOID

100. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
LAPS AND
DRIP EDGES

101. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
How far should flashing extend?
Too much! Not enough!
FLASHING – DRIP EDGES

102. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
Metal drip edge
is best practice!
“The flashing shall extend to the surface of
the exterior wall finish, and shall be installed
to prevent water from reentering the exterior
wall envelope.” - IRC Section R703 Flashing
FLASHING – DRIP EDGES

103. 3/4” MIN. OVERLAP, SEALED
W/ MFR-APPROVED ADHESIVE
1/2” MIN. IF RUBBERIZED
ASPHALT IS USED FOR
FLEXIBLE FLASHING, TO
PREVENT DROOL
FLEXIBLE THRU-WALL
FLASHING
METAL DRIP EDGE W/ HEM,
30º OR 45º FROM HORIZONTAL,
SEALED TO FOUNDATION W/
MFR.-APPROVED ADHESIVE
1/4” – 3/4”
1 5/8” MIN.
METAL DRIP EDGE
DETAIL 15.000.0201 REV. 05/18/09
© 2009 INTERNATIONAL MASONRY INSTITUTE

104. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
Lap all seams …and adequately seal!
FLASHING – PROBLEMS TO AVOID

105. PRIMER PER
RETURN FLASHING INTO MANUF’R
BLOCK COURSE (SHOWN)
OR SECURE TO BACKUP W/
TERMINATION BAR
SEAL FLASHING
LAPS W/ MASTIC
PER MANUF’R
6” LAP
DRIP EDGE SET IN
SEALANT
SUBJECT OF DETAIL EXCLUDED FROM SUBJECT
THROUGH-WALL FLASHING OVERLAPS (LAPS) FLASHING DRIP EDGE LAPS, TERM. BAR, FACE BRICK,
AND SEALING RECOMMENDATIONS CAVITY INSULATION, AND OTHER WALL
COMPONENTS
FLASHING LAP
DIAGRAM 15.410.4101 REV. 02/10/11
© 2009 INTERNATIONAL MASONRY INSTITUTE

106. OUTER FACE
OF MASONRY
THROUGH-WALL FLASHING
LAPPED AND SEALED
OUTER FACE
OF MASONRY
NOTCHED DRIP EDGE
3/4”±
METAL DRIP W/ HEMMED
EDGE SET IN MASTIC
OR SEALANT
NOTCH DRIP EDGE
FOR BUTT JOINT, International Masonry Institute
SEE INSET ABOVE
masonry
detailing
DRIP EDGE DETAIL series
DETAIL 03.01 REV. 02/13/07 1-800-IMI-0988 www.imiweb.org
© 2007 INTERNATIONAL MASONRY INSTITUTE

107. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
6” LAP
FLASHING – LAPS

108. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
Seal laps
FLASHING LAPS

109. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
FLASHING FAILURES

110. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
Keep top of
foundation
above grade
Don’t bury
the weeps!
FLASHING – INSTALLATION

111. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
Flashing must be intact!
FLASHING – PROBLEMS TO AVOID

112. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
Hold rubberized as- Don’t use membrane
phalt back from face as a drip edge
FLASHING – PROBLEMS TO AVOID

113. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
not stable
Avoid using PVC
FLASHING – PROBLEMS TO AVOID

114. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
Avoid sharp corners Use rounded corners
FLASHING – PROBLEMS TO AVOID

115. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
Flashing held back from face
FLASHING – PROBLEMS TO AVOID

116. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
CORNER BOOTS
& END DAMS

117. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
Flashing discontinuous Continuous flashing
at corner
FLASHING – CORNERS

118. OUTSIDE CORNER
FLASHING PIECE
VIEW OF FINISHED CONTINUOUS
FLASHING INSTALLATION
(DRIP EDGES NOT SHOWN)
INSIDE CORNER
FLASHING PIECE
OVERLAP FLASHING
NOTE: FLASHING DRIP EDGES
NOT SHOWN FOR CLARITY
FLASHING CORNERS
DETAIL 15.000.0204 REV. 08/24/09
© 2009 INTERNATIONAL MASONRY INSTITUTE

119. NOTE: FLASHING DRIP EDGE
NOT SHOWN FOR CLARITY
FLASHING CORNERS
DETAIL 15.000.0204.PH REV. 08/24/09
© 2009 INTERNATIONAL MASONRY INSTITUTE

120. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
Field-applied corner boot
FLASHING – CORNERS

121. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
end dam
required!
FLASHING – END DAMS

122. NOTE:
STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
MAY VARY, AND ARE SHOWN
FOR ILLUSTRATION ONLY
CAVITY INSULATION NOT
SHOWN FOR CLARITY OF
DETAIL
CARRY FLASHING ½” MIN.
BEYOND END OF LINTEL
AND TURN UP TO FORM
END DAM IN HEAD JOINT
2” RECOMMENDED;
1” MIN.
SEALANT EXTEND FLASHING
FLUSH OR BEYOND
FACE OF MASONRY
END DAM DIAGRAM FIELD-FORMED FLASHING END DAM
DIAGRAM 01.410.0201 REV. 02/04/11
© 2009 INTERNATIONAL MASONRY INSTITUTE

123. NOTE:
STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
MAY VARY, AND ARE SHOWN
FOR ILLUSTRATION ONLY
CAVITY INSULATION NOT
SHOWN FOR CLARITY OF
DETAIL
CARRY FLASHING ½” MIN.
BEYOND END OF LINTEL
PREFABRICATED END DAM
IN HEAD JOINT; SET IN
MASTIC IF FLASHING IS NOT
SELF-ADHERING. END DAM
PLACED PRIOR TO
THROUGH-WALL FLASHING
2” RECOMMENDED;
1” MIN.
EXTEND FLASHING
SEALANT FLUSH OR BEYOND
FACE OF MASONRY
END DAM DIAGRAM PREFABRICATED FLASHING END DAM
DIAGRAM 01.410.0202 REV. 02/04/11
© 2009 INTERNATIONAL MASONRY INSTITUTE

124. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
FLASHING – END DAMS

125. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
FLASHING – END DAMS

126. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
FLASHING – END DAMS

127. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
WEEP VENTS

128. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
Weep holes shall be at least 3/16” in diameter
and spaced less than 33” on center.
International Residential Code 2000, Section R703.7.6 Weep Holes
ACI 530-02/ASCE 5-02/TMS 402-02, Chapter 6 Veneer, Section 6.1.5.2
Best practice: 16” o.c. max for rope wicks,
24” o.c. for open head joints or vents
WEEP HOLES

129. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
head joint fiber mesh vent
plastic
vent
sleeve
plastic
sash cord tube cell vent
WEEP HOLES - TYPES

130. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
“Weep holes shall be at least 3/16” in diameter
and spaced less than 33” on center”
International Residential Code 2000, Section R703.7.6 Weep Holes
ACI 530-02/ASCE 5-02/TMS 402-02, Chapter 6 Veneer, Section 6.1.5.2
Best practice: Don’t use rope wicks!
Best practice: 16” o.c. max for rope wicks (if you
must), 24” o.c. for open head joints or vents
WEEP HOLES – SIZE & SPACING

131. Best practice: Don’t use rope wicks!
RESIDENTIAL MASONRY WEEP HOLES
Best practice: if you must use rope
wicks, lay them continuously along
bottom of cavity

132. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
Best practice: Don’t use
rope wicks!
Best practice: if you must
use rope wicks, lay them
continuously along bottom
of cavity
WEEP HOLES – PLACEMENT

133. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
 Vulnerable to mortar blockage
 Do not ventilate
WEEP HOLES – ROPE WICKS

134. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
 Vulnerable to mortar blockage
 Do not ventilate
WEEP HOLES – TUBES

135. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
 Better moisture relieve & ventilation
 May attract insects
 May mistakenly be caulked
WEEP HOLES – OPEN HEAD JOINTS

136. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
WEEP VENTS

137. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
WEEP VENTS

138. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
WEEP VENTS

139. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
RECESSED AND
PROJECTING
COURSES

140. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
RECESSED COURSE

141. BRICK & BLOCK CAVITY WALL
MORTAR
WASH
International Masonry Institute
MASONRY
DETAILING
ARCHITECTURAL EFFECT SERIES
DETAIL 01.601 REV. 08/31/07 800-IMI-0988 www.imiweb.org

142. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
RECESSED COURSE

143. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
FULL HEAD JOINTS

144. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
EFFLORESCENCE

145. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
EFFLORESCENCE

146. BENEFITS OF BUILDING WITH MASONRY
Beauty
Versatility of Design
Contextual / Relatable
Ease of Construction
Structural
Fire & Impact Resistant
Durable / Low Maintenance
Economical
Sustainable
Energy Efficient
High Performance
Acoustic
Qualified Local Labor