Many developing nations in Africa and Pacific are falling behind at formulating ICT policies. But there are nations who are reaping the benefits of early action, of adapting ICT policies. This presentation explore the outcomes at Sri Lanka in depth.

1. eNovation4D
Market incentivisation for ICT
Development
Harsha Liyanage, Phd, MBA
Managing Director, (Sarvodaya-Fusion, Sri Lanka),
Principal consultant, (eNovation4D, UK)
www.fusion.lk
email: harsha@enovation4d.co.uk
Professional Certificate in ICT-Assisted
Development
ICPS
London, UK
17 July 2013
(National ICT policies and their impact)

2. eNovation4D
Sustainability of eDevelopment
• Sustainability is not the same as success
(eg. project can sustain without delivering goals to most stakeholders)
• But un-sustainability is a form of failure
• Only sustainable projects can facilitate long-term
socio-economic development
• What makes eDevelopment project sustainable?
– Capacity (money, skill, technology)
– Utility (meeting the needs of stakeholders)
– Embedding (institutionalise: rules, culture, value)
Source: Heeks, R, 2005, Sustainability and the future of eDevelopment,
eDevelopment Briefing No10. University of Manchester.

3. eNovation4D
Risk of failure
• Most eGov projects fail:
– Total failure 35%
– Partial failure 50%
– Success 15%
(Source: Heeks, R. 2003. Most eGovernment –for-Development project fail: How can risks be reduced.
IDPM. Univ of Manchester).
• How can risk be reduced?
(Source: Heeks, R. 2003. Most eGovernment –for-Development
project fail: How can risks be reduced. IDPM. Univ of
Manchester).

4. eNovation4D
Current reality Proposal
Reality Design
Gap
(Source: Heeks, R. 2003. Most eGovernment –for-Development project fail: How
can risks be reduced. IDPM. Univ of Manchester).
Information
Technology
Processes
Objectives and values
Staffing and skills
Management systems
and structures
Other resources
Information
Technology
Processes
Objectives and values
Staffing and skills
Management systems
and structures
Other resources

5. eNovation4D
Status of national ICT policies
Country
National ICT policy adopted Communication Market
Adopted
Evaluation
(Review)
Draft prepared Open Market
Separate
Regulator
Cook Islands  
Fiji   
Kiribati  
RMI 
FSM 
Nauru
Niue
Palau 
PNG   
Samoa   
Solomon Is.  
Timor Leste
Tonga  
Tuvalu
Vanuatu  
Total 6 1 3 7 6
(Source: Secretariat of the Pacific Community, 2013. State of ICT
Development and linkages with Agriculture in ACP countries.
CTA ICT Observatory, 2013. Netherlands).

6. eNovation4D
Country
Sector
Ministry
Stakeholder
Committee
Other Remarks
Cook Islands  National ICT Committee
Fiji  IT Advisory Council
Kiribati  Ministry of Communications, Transport and Tourism
RMI  Ministry of Transportation and Communication
FSM 
Department of Transport, Communications and
Information
Nauru  Department of Transport and Telecommunications
Niue 
Niue Island Information, Technology & Communication
and Development Council (NiDC)
Palau  National ICT Policy Task Force
PNG  Interagency ICT Taskforce
Samoa  National ICT Steering Committee
Solomon Is.  ICT Working group
Timor Leste  ARCOM (Sector regulator)
Tonga  Ministry of Information and Communications
Tuvalu  Ministry of Communications Transport and Tourism
Vanuatu  Ministry of Public Infrastructure and Utilities
Total 7 7 1
Institutional arrangements for the development of national ICT policies in the PICs
(Source: Secretariat of the Pacific Community, 2013. State of ICT
Development and linkages with Agriculture in ACP countries.
CTA ICT Observatory, 2013. Netherlands).

7. eNovation4D
Sectorial e-strategies & e-legislations - Africa
√ Adopted » In progress
Source: Chekol A. 2013 . UNECA. ICT Observatory Presentation, CTA, Netherlands
Country
Sector specific policies and strategies Legislations enacted
Agriculture
As one of the
key pillars
(priorities) in
National ICT
Policy
e-government
ICT for
education
policies
e-agriculture e-commerce e-currency
e-transaction,
e-payment, e-
contract
Consumer
protection
and
arbitration
Digital
signature
Cyber-security
laws
Benin √ √ √
Burkina Faso √ √ √ √ √
Burundi √
Congo »
Cote d’Ivoire √ » √ √ √
DRC √ √ √
Egypt √ √ √ √
Ethiopia √ » √
Gambia √ √ √ √
Ghana √ √ √ √ √ √
Guinea-Bissau √ √ √
Kenya √ √
Madagascar √ √ √
Mali √ √ √ √ √
Mozambique √ √ √ √
Niger √ √ √ √ √ √
Nigeria √ √ √ √ √ √
Senegal √ √ √ √ √
Sudan √ √ √ √
Togo √ √ √
Uganda √ √
Zambia √

8. eNovation4D
Rwanda ICT policy evolutions
The identified priority sectors
in the implementation of the
NICI-2015
Governance sector
Health sector
Education sector
Agriculture sector
Finance sector (also to
a large extent include
tax, business, trade and
tourism)
(Source: Chekol A. 2013. State of ICT policy development and linkages with
Agriculture in African countries. Presentation at
CTA ICT Observatory, 2013. Netherlands).

9. eNovation4D
Sri Lanka (a case study)
Population – 20mn
GDP – US$59mn
GDP Growth – 7.13%
GDP per capita - $2923
Life expectancy – 74yrs
Literacy – 92%
ICT) Policy formulation –
2001
eSriLanka - 2003

10. eNovation4D
Case of eSriLanka
ICT policy, leadership and institutional development
Human resource development & industry promotion
Regional telecommunications network development
Telecentre development
Reengineering government
e-Society
Key components of eSriLanka program
(Source: Hanna N. K, 2008. Transforming government and
empowering communities. The Sri Lankan experience with e-
Development. The World Bank. Washington D.C.).

11. eNovation4D
NanaSala : Rural Knowledge Center
“The Sustainable Tele-center”
Data & Voice
Connectivity
guaranteed by RTN
operator
Selections based on competitive
criteria
Locations: population, secondary
schools, electricity, market access.
Owners: rural entrepreneur, community
backing, good facility (building).
Technical, Managerial, Logistical
support from Support Institutions -
pre selected by ICTA on
competitive criteria:
Organisational Capability, Financial
Capacity, Resources & Regional reach
ICT Equipment Subsidy
from ICTA (PCs, printers,
phones, fax, copier /
scanner, software).
Other Equipment from
Owner (building, furniture,
air conditioning, etc).
Operational costs borne by
owner (rent, utilities, staff
wages).
Connectivity paid for by
ICTA on a declining subsidy.
Year 1&2: 100% , Year 3: 66.6%,
Year 4: 33.3%, Year 5: 0
ICTA led capacity building
program: initial & ongoing training
For Owners & Village Champions
Content : Local and
Localized, Relevant to
rural communities,
available in Local
Languages
Demand side assistance
through a well designed
Voucher Program
Targeted catalytic groups.
Agent for Voucher Admin.

12. eNovation4D

Sri Lanka ICT profile 2012
Source: ITU, 2012
% Using
the Internet in 2012
18.29
A PC at Home
12.3
Internet access at Home
5.9
0
5
10
15
20
Percentage of Individuals using the
Internet
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Sri Lanka Philippines Indonesia
2010 data 2010 data 2011 data
A PC at
home
Internet
access at
home

13. eNovation4D

Sri Lanka ICT profile
Source: ITU, 2012
Mobile Phone
Subscriptions in 2012
20,324,070
Mobile Phone Subscriptions
per 100 Inhabitants in 2012
95.76
0 20 40 60 80 100
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
Mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions
per 100 inhabitants
0
5
10
15
20
25
Millions
Mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions

14. eNovation4D
Software industry growth
121
154 162
250
51
57 49
61
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
2006 2007 2009 2010
BPO Revenue
US$mn
Export revenues from IT and IT-BPO
industry from 2006 - 2010

15. eNovation4D
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
IT workforce
Overall growth trend of the IT workforce from 2003 to 2010
Source: National ICT workforce survey, ICTA & MG
Consultants, 2010.
IT Workforce

16. eNovation4D
Computer literacy
Distribution of computer literacy of population
(aged 5-69) by provinces (2007 & 2009)
Source: Computer literacy survey. Department of census and
statistics, Sri Lanka (2009)

17. eNovation4D
0
5
10
15
20
25
2004 2006/07 2009
Overall country
Urban sector
Rural sector
Computer ownership (percentage) by households is
increasing over the years (2004 – 2009)
Computer literacy survey. Department of census and statistics, Sri
Lanka (2009)
Computer ownership Urban vs Rural

18. eNovation4D
Leveraging corporate – NGO eco-system
Smartphone eco-system research study[1] by eNovation4D & Sarvodaya-Fusion

19. eNovation4D
2005
GDP / Capital -
$1203
2012
GDP per
Capita -
$2923
2003,
eSriLanka inception
GDP / Capita – $800
Network readiness index – 69th (2013)
From 72nd in 2012

20. eNovation4D
Who we are!

21. eNovation4D
Mission : e-Empowerment of communities
Capacity building>>
ICT education and skills
Accessibility >>
Telecentres, mobile, Smart
-Phones
Applications>> Fusion
Education, FarmerNet
Economic
sustenance of
Community +
partners +
Fusion
Social bottom line Economic bottom line
Sarvodaya
15,000 communities
50 year old national NGO
SEEDS
3000 village micro-enterprises
US$31mn operation
ICTA (Gvt)
620 telecentres
Corporates &
Donors
Building partnerships
to leverage impact

22. eNovation4D
eNovation4D
eNovation4D Ltd. Registered company in England & Wales UK.
Company registration no: 07600230
Serving Europe, Africa
& Asia
Clients:
• CTA
• UNCTAD
• CABI
• Tech4trade
• IDRC
• USAID
Consultant s for ICT4D & Mobile for Development
Social Innovation
Social Impact
Sustainability
Expert
Knowledge
Countries we work:
• UK
• Netherlands
• (Geneva) Switzerland
• Rwanda
• Ghana
• Bangladesh
• Sri Lanka
• 20 Consultants
•University of London
(ICT4D Collective)
• University of
Manchester
• BIID, Bangladesh
Network of experts &
institutions

23. eNovation4D
Sharing knowledge between Global
South & West

24. eNovation4D
eNovation4D
ICT4D & M4D consultants, UK
Contact:
harsha@enovation4d.co.uk
www.enovation4d.co.uk