1. AP Bio Chapter 34

6. Fig. 34-2 Lobed fins Legs Amniotic egg Milk Jaws, mineralized skeleton Lungs or lung derivatives Vertebral column Head Notochord Common ancestor of chordates ANCESTRAL DEUTERO- STOME Echinodermata (sister group to chordates) Chondrichthyes (sharks, rays, chimaeras) Cephalochordata (lancelets) Urochordata (tunicates) Myxini (hagfishes) Petromyzontida (lampreys) Mammalia (mammals) Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) Actinistia (coelacanths) Amphibia (frogs, salamanders) Dipnoi (lungfishes) Reptilia (turtles, snakes, crocodiles, birds) Chordates Craniates Vertebrates Gnathostomes Lobe-fins Osteichthyans Tetrapods Amniotes

8. Fig. 34-3 Dorsal, hollow nerve cord Anus Muscular, post-anal tail Pharyngeal slits or clefts Notochord Mouth Muscle segments

11. Fig. 34-4 Dorsal, hollow nerve cord Notochord Tail Cirri Mouth Pharyngeal slits Digestive tract Atrium Atriopore Segmental muscles Anus 2 cm

13. Fig. 34-5 Tunic Water flow Excurrent siphon Atrium An adult tunicate Pharynx with slits Anus Atrium Excurrent siphon Incurrent siphon to mouth Dorsal, hollow nerve cord Incurrent siphon Excurrent siphon Muscle segments Notochord Tail Stomach Intestine Intestine Esophagus Stomach Pharynx with slits A tunicate larva

15. Fig. 34-6 BF1 Brain of vertebrate embryo (shown straightened) Hindbrain Forebrain Midbrain Nerve cord of lancelet embryo BF1 Hox3 Otx Otx Hox3

17. Fig. 34-7 Migrating neural crest cells Notochord Dorsal edges of neural plate Neural crest Neural tube

19. Fig. 34-9 Slime glands

22. Fig. 34-10

24. Fig. 34-11 Dental elements

25. Other armored, jawless vertebrates had defensive plates of bone on their skin Fig. 34-12 Pteraspis Pharyngolepis

28. Fig. 34-13-3 Skeletal rods Cranium Gill slits Mouth

29. Fig. 34-14 0.5 m

31. Fig. 34-15 Pelvic fins Pectoral fins (c) Spotted ratfish ( Hydrolagus colliei ) (a) Blacktip reef shark ( Carcharhinus melanopterus ) (b) Southern stingray ( Dasyatis americana )

33. Spiral valve in sharks

38. Fig. 34-16 Intestine Adipose fin (characteristic of trout) Cut edge of operculum Swim bladder Caudal fin Lateral line Urinary bladder Pelvic fin Anus Dorsal fin Spinal cord Brain Nostril Gills Kidney Heart Liver Gonad Anal fin Stomach

40. Fig. 34-17 (a) Yellowfin tuna ( Thunnus albacares ) (b) Clownfish ( Amphiprion ocellaris ) (c) Sea horse ( Hippocampus ramulosus ) (d) Fine-spotted moray eel ( Gymnothorax dovii )

42. Fig. 34-18

44. Fig. 34-19 Tetrapod limb skeleton Bones supporting gills

47. Fig. 34-25 Yolk sac Amniotic cavity with amniotic fluid Chorion Amnion Albumen Yolk (nutrients) Allantois Embryo Shell

49. Fig. 34-27 (a) Tuatara ( Sphenodon punctatus ) (c) Wagler’s pit viper ( Tropidolaemus wagleri ) (b) Australian thorny devil lizard ( Moloch horridus ) (e) American alligator ( Alligator mississippiensis ) (d) Eastern box turtle ( Terrapene carolina carolina )

51. Fig. 34-26

53. Fig. 34-28 (a) Wing (b) Bone structure (c) Feather structure Finger 1 Finger 2 Finger 3 Palm Hook Vane Barbule Barb Shaft Wrist Forearm Shaft

55. Fig. 34-29 Airfoil wing with contour feathers Toothed beak Wing claw Long tail with many vertebrae

56. Fig. 34-30 (a) Emu (b) Mallards (c) Laysan albatrosses (d) Barn swallows

60. Fig. 34-32

62. Fig. 34-33 (a) A young brushtail possum (b) Long-nosed bandicoot

63. Fig. 34-34 Plantigale Marsupial mammals Eutherian mammals Marsupial mammals Eutherian mammals Marsupial mole Flying squirrel Sugar glider Deer mouse Mole Tasmanian devil Wombat Kangaroo Woodchuck Patagonian cavy Wolverine

65. Fig. 34-35b