The term DevOps has crossover over from a culture movement around improved IT delivery to a buzzword co-opted by headline minded journalists and companies who want to reinvent their antiquated practices by acquiring new talent. This presentation will talk about DevOps the movement, desired outcomes from DevOps practices and how to bring those practices to your organization especially those with entrenched practices that lack the agility, automation and other benefits of DevOps.
Keynote Devops Days Amsterdam - Hacking IT, Culture over Code Bringing Devops into your Organization
1. Mark Hinkle
Senior Director, Open Source Solutions
Citrix Inc.
mark.hinkle@citrix.com
mrhinkle@gmail.com
@mrhinkle
Hacking IT, Culture over Code
BringingDevopsintoyourOrganization
2. By Mark R. Hinkle
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com
DevOps: Culture over Code
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3. By Mark R. Hinkle
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com
DevOps: Culture over Code
• Manage Citrix Open Source Business Office
• Apache CloudStack Committer
• Advisory boards Gluster and Xen Project
• Joined Citrix via Cloud.com acquisition July 2011
• VP Of Community at Zenoss drove Zenoss Core
open source project to 100,000 users, 1.5 million
downloads
• Former LinuxWorld Magazine Editor-in-Chief
• Open Management Consortium organizer
• Author - “Windows to Linux Business Desktop
Migration” – Thomson
• NetDirector Project - Open Source Configuration
Management
About Me
4. By Mark R. Hinkle
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com
DevOps: Culture over Code
What Would You Say…You Do here?
5. By Mark R. Hinkle
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com
DevOps: Culture over Code
I Don’t Code
Program HelloWorld;
Uses
crt;
Begin
ClrScr;
writeln(HeloWorld)
;
end.
6. By Mark R. Hinkle
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com
DevOps: Culture over Code
Social “Hacker“
One who enjoys the
intellectual challenge of
creatively overcoming or
circumventing
limitations.
7. By Mark R. Hinkle
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com
DevOps: Culture over Code
Interest in Devops is Growing
8. By Mark R. Hinkle
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com
DevOps: Culture over Code
Everyone wants to
weigh-in on what devops
is….
9. By Mark R. Hinkle
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com
DevOps: Culture over Code
What is devops?
• Automation
• Lean
• Agile
• Devs doing Ops
• Ops doing Dev
• Tools
• Management
• Process
• Ideology
• Cult
10. By Mark R. Hinkle
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com
DevOps: Culture over Code
WSJ: DevOps Great for Startups, not Ready
for the Enterprise?
DevOps is a
buzzword…Organizational
structures are by far the
largest hurdles to
adoption of
enterprise…blah,blah,blah
11. By Mark R. Hinkle
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com
DevOps: Culture over Code
WSJ: Enterprise DevOps Adoption Isn’t
Mandatory — but Neither Is Survival
DevOps transformation is well
underway…. 8x more frequent
production deployments, being
performed 8000x faster, with 2x
higher success rates…fixing issues
12x faster …IT organizations using
DevOps perform better…overall
business performance is
higher…As Dr. W. Edwards Deming
said, “Learning is not compulsory,
but neither is survival.”
12. By Mark R. Hinkle
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com
DevOps: Culture over Code
What makes devops
appealing to me
13. By Mark R. Hinkle
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com
DevOps: Culture over Code
A long time ago, in a galaxy far, far away
14. By Mark R. Hinkle
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com
DevOps: Culture over Code
I worked for an IT Infrastructure Company
15. By Mark R. Hinkle
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com
DevOps: Culture over Code
Provided Infrastructure to Millions of Users
16. By Mark R. Hinkle
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com
DevOps: Culture over Code
M&A: A Tale of Two Cities (Silos)
• One group valued
customer satisfaction
• One group valued
productivity
• Cultural Differences,
Distrust, Different
learned behaviors
17. By Mark R. Hinkle
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com
DevOps: Culture over Code
We had A Few “Rules”
We respect the individual…..We require
complete honesty and integrity…..We make
commitments with care….We guard and
conserve the company's resources with at least
the same vigilance that we would use to guard
and conserve our own personal resources…..
Clarity in understanding our mission, our
goals….We feel a sense of urgency on any
matters related to our customers
18. By Mark R. Hinkle
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com
DevOps: Culture over Code
Once We Had a Common Understanding
there was Progress
19. By Mark R. Hinkle
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com
DevOps: Culture over Code
Woes of an ISP - 1998
20. By Mark R. Hinkle
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com
DevOps: Culture over Code
High Customer Acquisition Costs
Image Courtesy of Moniker Hill on Flickr
21. By Mark R. Hinkle
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com
DevOps: Culture over Code
Demand for Internet Access Skyrocketing
22. By Mark R. Hinkle
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com
DevOps: Culture over Code
Commoditization
23. By Mark R. Hinkle
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com
DevOps: Culture over Code
We were Underpants Gnomes
Phase 1:
Collect all the underpants
Phase 2:
?
Phase 3:
Profit
24. By Mark R. Hinkle
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com
DevOps: Culture over Code
Phase 2: Improving Service Delivery
Malcolm Baldridge Criteria for Performance Excellence
To help organizations
assess their improvement
efforts, diagnose their
overall performance
management system, and
identify their strengths and
opportunities for
improvement…
25. By Mark R. Hinkle
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com
DevOps: Culture over Code
Biggest impact we could make was
customer satisfaction, it reduced
customer acquisition costs(referrals)
and customer support and service
costs.
26. By Mark R. Hinkle
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com
DevOps: Culture over Code
What Made Customers Happy
• Quality of Service
• Speed to Response
• Speed to Recovery
• Problem resolution
on first call
• Self-Service Options
27. By Mark R. Hinkle
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com
DevOps: Culture over Code
My Aha Moment…
No amount of money, no technology
or competitive advantage was
greater than happy employees that
and had a shared belief in what they
were doing…
28. By Mark R. Hinkle
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com
DevOps: Culture over Code
How We Measured Success
• Productivity – Customers Helped Over Time
• Quality – Customer Satisfaction
• Efficiency – Cost for Support per customer
• Contributions – “Other Stuff”, Hard to Measure
• Attendance – Participation
• Employee Satisfaction
29. By Mark R. Hinkle
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com
DevOps: Culture over Code
Awesome Culture -> Success
30. By Mark R. Hinkle
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com
DevOps: Culture over Code
Devops Reminded me of MindSpring
• In 2009 this
guy(@patrickdebois) on
Twitter started making a
lot of sense to me…
• This other guy
(@botchagalupe) kept
jabbering about improved
operations and eventually
Arthur Deming
31. By Mark R. Hinkle
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com
DevOps: Culture over Code
Framework for Devops Discussions
Culture
Automation
Management
Sharing
32. By Mark R. Hinkle
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com
DevOps: Culture over Code
CLAMS
33. By Mark R. Hinkle
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com
DevOps: Culture over Code
Culture
34. By Mark R. Hinkle
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com
DevOps: Culture over Code
Culture(n) - the shared values,
attitudes, standards, and beliefs that
characterize members of an
organization and define its nature.
35. By Mark R. Hinkle
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com
DevOps: Culture over Code
Successful people and
organizations work from the
inside out. They hold a belief in
the importance of what they
do.
Simon Sinek: http://www.startwithwhy.com/
Culture – Start with Why
WHY
HOW
WHAT
36. By Mark R. Hinkle
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com
DevOps: Culture over Code
Value People over Technology
Source: XKCD - http://xkcd.com/705/
37. By Mark R. Hinkle
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com
DevOps: Culture over Code
The Best DevOps Hacks are Social
• Make the Why of Devops Something Everyone Can
Get Behind e.g Better products, happier users
• No Administrator or Developer Left Behind –
Especially the low performers
• Reinforce culture and share your values whenever
you can
38. By Mark R. Hinkle
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com
DevOps: Culture over Code
Don’t Build New Silos
LEGACYOPS
LEGACYDEV
DEVOPSTEAM
39. By Mark R. Hinkle
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com
DevOps: Culture over Code
Lean
40. By Mark R. Hinkle
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com
DevOps: Culture over Code
A History of Lean
• Henry Ford credited with starting
original movement
• Kiichiro Toyoda and Taiichi Ohno: 1930’s
developed the Toyota Production
System
• Popularized by Jim Womak The Machine
that Changed the World and Lean
Solutions in 1990
• 2011 Eric Ries publishes The Lean Start-
Up and Lean IT starts to get legs…
41. By Mark R. Hinkle
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com
DevOps: Culture over Code
Create Flow - Stop Pushing, Start Pulling
Source:http://ars.userfriendly.org/cartoons/?id=20080627
42. By Mark R. Hinkle
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com
DevOps: Culture over Code
Follow a Process, Be Critical of Results,
Never Stop Improving
43. By Mark R. Hinkle
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com
DevOps: Culture over Code
Automation
44. By Mark R. Hinkle
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com
DevOps: Culture over Code
A Cambrian Explosion of
Open Source Automation
45. By Mark R. Hinkle
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com
DevOps: Culture over Code
Automate All the Things, Not Just
Deployment and Config management
46. By Mark R. Hinkle
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com
DevOps: Culture over Code
Measurement
47. By Mark R. Hinkle
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com
DevOps: Culture over Code
Measurements and Metrics
48. By Mark R. Hinkle
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com
DevOps: Culture over Code
#monitoringsucks - The Myth of the Nines
Availability % Downtime per
Year
Downtime per
Month
Downtime per
Week
99.9% (three nines) 8.76 hours 43.2 minutes 10.1 minutes
99.95% 4.38 hours 21.56 minutes 5.04 minutes
99.99% (four nines) 52.6 minutes 4.32 minutes 1.01 minutes
99.999% (five nines) 5.26 minutes 25.9 seconds 6.05 seconds
99.9999% (six nines) 31.5 seconds 2.59 seconds .0605 seconds
Average polling interval for monitoring - 5 minutes
Even superhuman operations people can’t be alerted and take action in under 5 minutes.
One outage per year could drop service level to three nines or worse.
49. By Mark R. Hinkle
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com
DevOps: Culture over Code
Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)
• Map IT measurements to organizational
performance
• Don’t get buried in the measurements
• Revisit those KPIs
• Use metrics to identify the cause of KPI trends
• DevOps (the people) satisfaction
• Customer Satisfaction
• Keep it simple, six or less
50. By Mark R. Hinkle
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com
DevOps: Culture over Code
Sharing
51. By Mark R. Hinkle
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com
DevOps: Culture over Code
Sharing -> Teaching -> Listening
Sharing (v) – to let someone else have or use a part
of (something that belongs to you) e.g. knowledge
Lecturing (v) - talk seriously or reprovingly to
(someone)
Teaching (v) - to cause or help (someone) to learn
about a subject by giving lessons
Listen(v) - make an effort to hear something; be alert
and ready to hear something.
52. By Mark R. Hinkle
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com
DevOps: Culture over Code
Summation
53. By Mark R. Hinkle
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com
DevOps: Culture over Code
54. By Mark R. Hinkle
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com
DevOps: Culture over Code
The Days of the BOFH are Numbered
Source User Friendly: http://ars.userfriendly.org/cartoons/?id=20130726
55. By Mark R. Hinkle
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com
DevOps: Culture over Code
Continuously Deploy Culture
56. By Mark R. Hinkle
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com
DevOps: Culture over Code
Measure Happiness, Measure Devops
Happiness raises nearly every
business outcome productivity by
31%, and accuracy on tasks by
19%, as well as a myriad of health
and quality of life improvements.
Source: The Happiness Divdiend - http://blogs.hbr.org/2011/06/the-happiness-dividend/
57. By Mark R. Hinkle
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com
DevOps: Culture over Code
Professional: mark.hinkle@citrix.com
Personal: mrhinkle@gmail.com
Professional: 919.228.8049
Professional: http://www.cloudstack.org
Personal: http://www.socializedsoftware.com
Twitter: @mrhinkle
Mark R. Hinkle
Senior Director
Open Source Solutions
Citrix Systems Inc.
Open Source Enthusiast
Contact Me
58. By Mark R. Hinkle
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com
DevOps: Culture over Code
DevOps is a cutlural cahnge that strives to improve the delivery of
CIO Journal printed by the WSJ - DevOps Is Great for Startups, but for Enterprises It Won’t Work—Yet
http://blogs.wsj.com/cio/2014/05/13/devops-is-great-for-startups-but-for-enterprises-it-wont-work-yet/
Wall Street Journal – Enterprise DevOps Adoption Isn’t Mandatory — but Neither Is Survival
http://blogs.wsj.com/cio/2014/05/22/enterprise-devops-adoption-isnt-mandatory-but-neither-is-survival/
I worked for MindSpring and
Award winning, PC World pick, Top 5 C|Net, PC Magazine.
Alex Trubek was our spokesperson
We did a good job making users happy.
Delivered Internet Access (Dial-Up, ISDN, Cable, DSL)
Web access web sites
Email
I came to MindSpring through a
MindSpring Core Values & Beliefs / 14 Deadly Sins
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MindSpring
Customer Acquisition
Everyone was competing for internet customers, tons of free trials, little customer loyatly
Rapid Commoditization
The Internet was becoming a household requirement and it was much like phone service as the offerings were the same with little differentiation
Thin Margins
In many cases it was more expensive to deliver access then what customers paid
Demand was Enormous
S
Images Courtesy of Moniker Hill on Flickr - https://www.flickr.com/photos/monkerino/191842293/in/photolist-hXf2K-85Q2yw-95tW1z-4i1sqF-4i1stH-4i5xQb-4i5y3N-ank3ZY-egB3hj-4XVoiM-9R1Yz6-8Hyg43-34wBtZ-8KTxdF-xBpQG-4i1srn-9AXSQ-5NUTy9-94PV5S-8iAJHT
Internet Transit Prices (1998-2014) U.S. Internet Region
http://drpeering.net/white-papers/Internet-Transit-Pricing-Historical-And-Projected.php
Cost for Internet transit in the U.s was approximately $1200 per megabit per second in 1998
Today cost for internet transit in the US is about $.94 per Mbps
http://www.nist.gov/baldrige/
In the early and mid-1980s, many U.S. industry and government leaders saw that a renewed emphasis on quality was necessary for doing business in an ever-expanding and more competitive world market. But many U.S. businesses either did not believe quality mattered for them or did not know where to begin.
The Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Improvement Act of 1987, signed into law on August 20, 1987, was developed through the actions of the National Productivity Advisory Committee, chaired by Jack Grayson. The nonprofit research organization APQC, founded by Grayson, organized the first White House Conference on Productivity, spearheading the creation of the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award in 1987. The Baldrige Award was envisioned as a standard of excellence that would help U.S. organizations achieve world-class quality.
In the late summer and fall of 1987, Dr. Curt Reimann, the first director of the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Program, and his staff at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) developed an award implementation framework, including an evaluation scheme, and advanced proposals for what is now the Baldrige Award. In its first three years, the Baldrige Award was jointly administered by APQC and the American Society for Quality, which continues to assist in administering the award program under contract to NIST.
The Baldrige Criteria for Performance Excellence serve two main purposes: (1) to help organizations assess their improvement efforts, diagnose their overall performance management system, and identify their strengths and opportunities for improvement and (2) to identify Baldrige Award recipients that will serve as role models for other organizations. In addition, the Criteria help strengthen U.S. competitiveness by
improving organizational performance practices, capabilities, and results
facilitating communication and sharing of information on best practices among U.S. organizations of all types
serving as a tool for understanding and managing performance and for guiding planning and opportunities for learning
The Baldrige Criteria for Performance Excellence provide organizations with an integrated approach to performance management that results in
delivery of ever-improving value to customers and stakeholders, contributing to organizational sustainability
improved organizational effectiveness and capabilities
organizational and personal learning
Quality of Service - Connection speeds
Speed to Response – How Quickly we answered the phone – If we answered a phone call in under 45 seconds customer satisfaction was very high, 45 seconds to 10 minutes on hold and satisfaction was relatively the same
First Call Resolution was not as big a factor in customer satisfaction but provided a huge reduction in waste
Self Service was also a big factor, change password, update account information online
http://gapingvoid.com/corporate-culture/
Photo courtesy of Matt Moor on Flickr
http://www.flickr.com/photos/mattmflickr/7453204160/in/photostream/
Most people say what we do and how we do it. Most tangible to the
Apple Computer wants to challenge the status quo, they think different.
We believe that in everything we do we should challenge the status quo.
The way we we challenge the status quo is through simple, elegant design.
We just happen to make great electronics
What is the why for your organization?
We do what we do so people can accomplish awesome stuff through the use of technology
How we do that is by providing good coordination between developer and operations so that
We provide automated, scalable, fault tolerant solutions to people.
People don’t invest in what you do, why you do it.
What is the Why of your Organization?
Deliver services so that you can do awesome stuff. At Apache CloudStack I like to think about our Cloud users as people who are proving the existing of the Higgs Boson or running culture
How
Open source devlopment model to make our IT more efficient
What
We create cloud computing software to enable users to access the resources they need on demand
Courtesy Doc Searls
- https://www.flickr.com/photos/docsearls/5500714140/in/photolist-dSA9Bi-auR8jn-fu5X2f-bTHTce-c2m9DU-5GMvAV-E99M-5XDYbN-9o5AEY-cPkrKh-E9aS-fpKoDq-hq1y1M-4dYuXC-27hTDj-fyssX2-bVVC9G-E9c6-7FwX1A-kTNGSK/ via https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
Overproduction
http://www.pdx.edu/fadm/sites/www.pdx.edu.fadm/files/02_Introduction%20to%20Lean%20Principles%20-%20Supergraphic.pdf
http://www.leanproduction.com/intro-to-lean.html
http://www.leanproduction.com/intro-to-lean.html
Making something before it is truly needed. This is a particularly serious form of waste because it leads to excess inventory that is often used to mask other underlying problems and inefficiencies.
Pace production so the rate of manufacturing matches the rate of customer demand (Takt Time).
Use a pull system to control how much is manufactured (Kanban).
Reduce setup times so that smaller batches can be economically manufactured (SMED).
Waiting Time when work-in-process is waiting for the next step in production (no value is being added). It can be truly illuminating to look at the time from order to shipment and ask – how much of that time is actually spent on true value-added manufacturing.
Design processes so that the flow is continuous and there are minimal (or no) buffers between steps in production (Continuous Flow).
Use standardized work instructions to ensure that a consistent method and consistent times are used for each step of production (Standardized Work).
Transport Unnecessary movement of raw materials, work-in-process or finished goods.
Design a linear, sequential flow from raw materials to finished goods (Value Stream Mapping).
Make sure work-in-process is not placed into inventory (Continuous Flow).
Avoid continual changing of job priorities (Theory of Constraints).
Motion Unnecessary movement of people (movement that does not add value).
Ensure that work areas are logically organized (5S).
Consider alternate arrangements of equipment that reduce motion (Value Stream Mapping).
Overprocessing More processing than is needed to produce what the customer requires. This is often one of the more difficult wastes to detect and eliminate.
Compare customer requirements to manufacturing specifications (Kaizen).
Look for potential simplifications to the manufacturing process (Kaizen).
Inventory Product (raw materials, work-in-process, or finished goods) quantities that go beyond supporting the immediate need.
Bring raw materials in only as they are needed (Just-In-Time).
Reduce or eliminate buffers between steps in production (Continuous Flow).
Refer to Overproduction countermeasures (Takt Time, Kanban, and SMED).
Defects Production that is scrap or requires rework.
Design processes so they are less likely to produce defects (Poka-Yoke).
Design processes to detect abnormalities so they can be immediately corrected (Jidoka).
Look for the single most frequent defect and determine why it occurs (Root Cause Analysis).
Create work instructions that provide a consistent method of manufacturing the part. (Standardized Work).
Lean concepts become a lot more intuitive and easy-to-understand when they are traced to the ultimate goal – eliminating waste.
verproduction Making something before it is truly needed. This is a particularly serious form of waste because it leads to excess inventory that is often used to mask other underlying problems and inefficiencies.
Pace production so the rate of manufacturing matches the rate of customer demand (Takt Time).
Use a pull system to control how much is manufactured (Kanban).
Reduce setup times so that smaller batches can be economically manufactured (SMED).
Waiting Time when work-in-process is waiting for the next step in production (no value is being added). It can be truly illuminating to look at the time from order to shipment and ask – how much of that time is actually spent on true value-added manufacturing.
Design processes so that the flow is continuous and there are minimal (or no) buffers between steps in production (Continuous Flow).
Use standardized work instructions to ensure that a consistent method and consistent times are used for each step of production (Standardized Work).
Transport Unnecessary movement of raw materials, work-in-process or finished goods.
Design a linear, sequential flow from raw materials to finished goods (Value Stream Mapping).
Make sure work-in-process is not placed into inventory (Continuous Flow).
Avoid continual changing of job priorities (Theory of Constraints).
Motion Unnecessary movement of people (movement that does not add value).
Ensure that work areas are logically organized (5S).
Consider alternate arrangements of equipment that reduce motion (Value Stream Mapping).
Overprocessing More processing than is needed to produce what the customer requires. This is often one of the more difficult wastes to detect and eliminate.
Compare customer requirements to manufacturing specifications (Kaizen).
Look for potential simplifications to the manufacturing process (Kaizen).
Inventory Product (raw materials, work-in-process, or finished goods) quantities that go beyond supporting the immediate need.
Bring raw materials in only as they are needed (Just-In-Time).
Reduce or eliminate buffers between steps in production (Continuous Flow).
Refer to Overproduction countermeasures (Takt Time, Kanban, and SMED).
Defects Production that is scrap or requires rework.
Design processes so they are less likely to produce defects (Poka-Yoke).
Design processes to detect abnormalities so they can be immediately corrected (Jidoka).
Look for the single most frequent defect and determine why it occurs (Root Cause Analysis).
Create work instructions that provide a consistent method of manufacturing the part. (Standardized Work).
Lean concepts become a lot more intuitive and easy-to-understand when they are traced to the ultimate goal – eliminating waste.
We have a dirth of automation tools at our disposal and many o
Ansible
Foreman - http://theforeman.org/ - Foreman is a complete lifecycle management tool for physical and virtual servers.
Func -
CIO.gov - https://cio.gov/performance-metrics-and-measures/
There is overlap between measures and metrics. Both can be qualitative or quantitative, but what distinguishes them is important. Measures are concrete, usually measure one thing, and are quantitative in nature (e.g. I have five apples). Metrics describe a quality and require a measurement baseline (I have five more apples than I did yesterday). In a Section 508 program, measures are useful for demonstrating workloads and activity, and metrics are useful for evaluating compliance, processes effectiveness, and measuring success against established objectives.
Cloud computing promises highly available systems, but if you have a reactive approach you won’t achieve that goal.
If you want a five nines service level you have 5.26 minutes to find, fix and recover
Build redundant, highly environment systems
Visualizations of Continuous Delivery - http://continuousdelivery.com/2014/02/visualizations-of-continuous-delivery/
Nhan Ngo, a QA engineer at Spotify, made four fabulous visualizations while reading Continuous Delivery. She has very kindly agreed to make them available under a Creative Commons license so feel free to share them, download them, and print them out (click to get a higher resolution version). - https://www.linkedin.com/pub/nhan-ngo/11/938/ba5