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Open Source Toolchains for
                        Managing Clouds




Monday, August 9, 2010
Mark R. Hinkle
                           VP of Community
                              Zenoss Inc.
                         mrhinkle@zenoss.com
                         mrhinkle@gmail.com
                          Twitter: @mrhinkle



                          John M. Willis
                          VP of Services
                           Opscode Inc.
                        john@opscode.com
                     botchagalupe@gmail.com    ABSENT
                      Twitter: @botchagalupe




Monday, August 9, 2010
%whoami
                    •Former Linux Desktop Advocate

                    •Former LinuxWorld Magazine Editor-in-
                    Chief

                    •Open Management Consortium
                    Conspirator

                    •Open Desktop Consortium Instigator
                    •Author - “Windows to Linux Business
                    Desktop Migration” - Thomson

                    •NetDirector Project - Open Source
                    Configuration Management Project




Monday, August 9, 2010
Definitions (Toolchains,
                                   Systems Management,
                                   Cloud Computing)

                                     Bad Jokes
                         Today’s
                                     Overview of Open
                         Agenda    Source Management Tools

                                     Culture Changes

                                     Alien Autopsy Photos

                                     Example Cloud
                                   Computing Toolchains




Monday, August 9, 2010
Toolchain
                          A set of programs where the
                          output of one program forms
                         the input of another program.




Monday, August 9, 2010
Open Source Management
                              Tools Adoption
                         • 98%	
  of	
  enterprises	
  use	
  open	
  source	
  systems	
  
                                management	
  tools
                         •    76%	
  indicate	
  they	
  prefer	
  to	
  use	
  open	
  source	
  
                                whenever	
  possible
                         •    Compelling	
  factors	
  for	
  using	
  open	
  source	
  is	
  
                                flexibility	
  followed	
  by	
  cost	
  savings
                         •    50%	
  are	
  already	
  using	
  some	
  form	
  of	
  cloud	
  
                                technology	
  including	
  but	
  not	
  limited	
  to	
  hosted	
  
                                applica@ons,	
  Amazon	
  Web	
  services	
  and/or	
  hosted	
  
                                storage
                         •    Top	
  IT	
  management	
  priori@es	
  for	
  2010:	
  monitoring,	
  
                                configura4on	
  management,	
  patching	
  and	
  


                     Source: 2010 ZenossOpen Source Management Survey




Monday, August 9, 2010
Cloud Computing
                         Hype is Becoming a
                              Reality
                    • UBS says Web Services will be a $15 billion
                                 + market by 2014

                    • IBM says Cloud Computing will be a $126
                                   billion by 2012

                    • 20% of Businesses won’t have IT Assets by
                                   2012 - Gartner

                     Bottom line a large portion of
                     our infrastructure no longer
                     lives in our data center... but
                          we gotta manage it.




Monday, August 9, 2010
Systems Management
                                       Disciplines
                         Provisioning

                         Installation of operating systems and other software




                         Configuration Management and Automation
                         Sets the parameters for servers, starts and stops services,
                         rotates logs and other menial task



                         Monitoring
                         Monitoring queries the servers for overall health and
                         alerts administrators to problems




Monday, August 9, 2010
How to Choose Open
                              Source Cloud Tools
                         • Open Source (OSI Approved License)
                         • Manage Legacy Infrastructure and Cloud
                         • Extensible (Plugins, accept code contributions)
                         • Vibrant Communities (activity in Downloads, Forums,
                            Extensions)

                         • Client/server (or at least network aware)




Monday, August 9, 2010
Comparison of Provisioning
                              Tools
                                               Year                                  Installation
                                                        Language        License
                                              Started                                  Targets

                                                                                  Red Hat, Fedora, OpenSuSE,
                             Cobbler           2007       Python          GPL          Debian, Ubuntu

                          Fully Automatic
                         Installation (FAI)    2000         Perl          GPL             Debian

                                                                                   Most .deb and Fedora
                           Kickstart             ?        Python          GPL
                                                                                       based Linux

                           OpenQRM             2005         PHP           GPL     Linux, Solaris, Windows

                                                        Perl, Python,
                           Spacewalk           2008                       GPL         Fedora, CentOS
                                                            Java

                              Viper            2008         Perl          GPL             Debian




Monday, August 9, 2010
Comparison of Configuration
                     Management & Automation Tools
                                     Year
                                            Language   License   Client/Server         Backing
                                    Started

                     AutomateIT      2009     Ruby       GPL            No                None

                          bcfg2                                                      Argonne National
                                     2003     BSD        BSD           Yes
                                                                                          Labs?

                         Cfengine    1993    Apache     Apache         Yes             Cfengine Inc.


                                                                  Chef Solo - No
                           chef      2009     Ruby      Apache                           Opscode
                                                                 Chef Server - Yes



                         Puppet      2004     Ruby       GPL           Yes             PuppetLabs




Monday, August 9, 2010
Comparisons of Open
                            Source Monitoring Tools
                                  Year                             Monitoring
                                           License   Language                      Collection Methods
                                 Started                             Type


                         Cacti    2001      GPL        PHP        Performance           SNMP, Syslog




                                                                                    SNMP, TCP, ICMP, IPMI
                     Nagios       1999      GPL       C/PHP        Availability            Syslog



                                                                   Availability,
                   OpenNMS        2000      GPL       Java                            SNMP, JMX, HTTP
                                                                  Performance,

                                                                   Availability,
                                                                                    SNMP, TCP, ICMP, IPMI,
                     Zabbix       2001      GPL       C/PHP     Performance, and    Synthetic Transactions
                                                                      more
                                                                   Availability,   SNMP, SSH, Syslog, Event
                     Zenoss       2005      GPL       Python      Performance,      Management, Synthetic
                                                                                        Transactions
                                                                Event Management




Monday, August 9, 2010
CloudOps: Change in Culture
                         GapingVoid - http://www.gapingvoidgallery.com/product_info.php?products_id=1643&osCsid=bc3tdqg6fuh8gato04m9obr0o1




Monday, August 9, 2010
Old Systems
                         Management
                          Practices
                    •Human Powered, Labor Intensive
                    •Repetitive Tasks
                    •“Meat Cloud”
                    •How many servers do you
                    manage per admin?




Monday, August 9, 2010
Cloud Changes Everything
                         • Hyperscalable
                         • Hardware Abstraction
                         • Dynamic Infrastructure
                         • Geography Independent
                         • Fast & Flexible
                         • How many cloud
                            instances do you manage
                            per admin?




Monday, August 9, 2010
The Myth of the Nines
                           Availability %       Downtime per Year    Downtime per Month     Downtime per Week


                         99.9% (three nines)        8.76 hours            43.2 minutes          10.1 minutes


                               99.95%               4.38 hours           21.56 minutes          5.04 minutes


                         99.99% (four nines)       52.6 minutes          4.32 minutes           1.01 minutes



                         99.999% (five nines)       5.26 minutes           25.9 seconds          6.05 minutes



                         99.9999% (six nines)      31.5 seconds           2.59 seconds          .0605 seconds



         •                               Average polling interval for monitoring? 5 minutes?
         •               Even super human operations people can’t be alerted and take action in under 5 minutes.
         •                        One outage per year could drop service level to three nines or worse.




Monday, August 9, 2010
P




                                                                              Automate or get
                                                                                 run over.



                             Copyright © 2010 Opscode, Inc - All Rights Reserved                17
Monday, August 9, 2010
Cultural Changes
                         Agile IT and DevOps movements

                         •   Operations and Developers should
                             collaborate with each other to
                             deliver excellent products

                         •   Systems Administrators need to be
                             come Systems Engineers building
                             automated, fault tolerant systems
                             not just maintaining infrastructure

                         •   More frequent changes, more
                             outages (albeit short) to rapidly
                             improve IT products and services

                         •   Process, version control, and
                             automation are important




Monday, August 9, 2010
Systems Management
                         Tools for Cloud Computing


                                         Configuration
                         Provisioning   Management and   Monitoring
                                          Automation

                           Kickstart                        Ganglia
                                          AutomateIT
                           Spacewalk                        Nagios
                                             Chef
                                                           OpenNMS
                            Cobbler       Control Tier
                                                            Zabbix
                           OpenQRM          Puppet
                                                          Zenoss Core




Monday, August 9, 2010
“Off the shelf” Open Source
                                  Toolchains
                         • OpenQRM and Nagios
                         • Cobbler and Puppet
                         • Zenoss & [Chef, Cfengine and Puppet]
                         • Spacewalk and Cobbler
                         • OpenNMS and Rancid
                         • OpenNMS and Puppet




Monday, August 9, 2010
DevOps ToolChain Project
                         Project centered around how to automate and improve
                         infrastructure management using Agile/DevOps methodologies
                         Discussion Topics
                          •   Open questions on unified pipe architecture
                          •   Distribution methods: package vs file, rscyn/murder vs yum/rpm vs DFS
                          •   Configuration management: RPMs vs puppet/cfengine/chef tool?
                          •   Rollback methodologies for package and config management tools
                          •   Controlling and timing package release and config management tools
                          •   Log management (aggregating, crunching, charting)Change detection


                              http://code.google.com/p/devops-toolchain/




Monday, August 9, 2010
Cloud
                         Computing
                          Changes
                         Everything
                    •MeatCloud, Can’t Keep up with
                    Cloud Computing

                    •Devops & Agile IT Philosophy
                    •Script Repetitive Tasks
                    •Automate, Automate, Automate




Monday, August 9, 2010
Example
                    Cloud
                    ToolChain
                    •Multiple Cloud
                    Providers

                    •Mix and Match and
                    match tools

                    •Portability, Flexibility,
                    and




Monday, August 9, 2010
Example - Geeknet
               •    Servers are automatically built using configuration
                    management software

               •    Discovery tool finds infrastructure and populates
                    a CMDB then spits out information to scripts that
                                                                          Hundreds of servers, serving
                    translate information to BIND configurations for
                    DNS                                                   web, databases, and other
                                                                          infrastructure for some of the
               •    Monitoring tool adds hosts to polling tool to check   world’s most highly trafficked
                    servers for availability                              websites – over 40 million
                                                                          visitors per month.
               •    As infrastructure changes systems are updated
                    automatically

               •    Servers can be spun up and managed in minutes,
                    not hours automatically with little or no human
                    interaction




Monday, August 9, 2010
Summary


                         • Automate to improve service, apply leverage
                         • Rethink how your operations works
                         • Choose tools that can extend and adapt to new types of
                            infrastructure (what does cloud look like in 2015?)




Monday, August 9, 2010
Questions? Comments?




Monday, August 9, 2010

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Open Source Tool Chains for Cloud Computing

  • 1. Open Source Toolchains for Managing Clouds Monday, August 9, 2010
  • 2. Mark R. Hinkle VP of Community Zenoss Inc. mrhinkle@zenoss.com mrhinkle@gmail.com Twitter: @mrhinkle John M. Willis VP of Services Opscode Inc. john@opscode.com botchagalupe@gmail.com ABSENT Twitter: @botchagalupe Monday, August 9, 2010
  • 3. %whoami •Former Linux Desktop Advocate •Former LinuxWorld Magazine Editor-in- Chief •Open Management Consortium Conspirator •Open Desktop Consortium Instigator •Author - “Windows to Linux Business Desktop Migration” - Thomson •NetDirector Project - Open Source Configuration Management Project Monday, August 9, 2010
  • 4. Definitions (Toolchains, Systems Management, Cloud Computing) Bad Jokes Today’s Overview of Open Agenda Source Management Tools Culture Changes Alien Autopsy Photos Example Cloud Computing Toolchains Monday, August 9, 2010
  • 5. Toolchain A set of programs where the output of one program forms the input of another program. Monday, August 9, 2010
  • 6. Open Source Management Tools Adoption • 98%  of  enterprises  use  open  source  systems   management  tools • 76%  indicate  they  prefer  to  use  open  source   whenever  possible • Compelling  factors  for  using  open  source  is   flexibility  followed  by  cost  savings • 50%  are  already  using  some  form  of  cloud   technology  including  but  not  limited  to  hosted   applica@ons,  Amazon  Web  services  and/or  hosted   storage • Top  IT  management  priori@es  for  2010:  monitoring,   configura4on  management,  patching  and   Source: 2010 ZenossOpen Source Management Survey Monday, August 9, 2010
  • 7. Cloud Computing Hype is Becoming a Reality • UBS says Web Services will be a $15 billion + market by 2014 • IBM says Cloud Computing will be a $126 billion by 2012 • 20% of Businesses won’t have IT Assets by 2012 - Gartner Bottom line a large portion of our infrastructure no longer lives in our data center... but we gotta manage it. Monday, August 9, 2010
  • 8. Systems Management Disciplines Provisioning Installation of operating systems and other software Configuration Management and Automation Sets the parameters for servers, starts and stops services, rotates logs and other menial task Monitoring Monitoring queries the servers for overall health and alerts administrators to problems Monday, August 9, 2010
  • 9. How to Choose Open Source Cloud Tools • Open Source (OSI Approved License) • Manage Legacy Infrastructure and Cloud • Extensible (Plugins, accept code contributions) • Vibrant Communities (activity in Downloads, Forums, Extensions) • Client/server (or at least network aware) Monday, August 9, 2010
  • 10. Comparison of Provisioning Tools Year Installation Language License Started Targets Red Hat, Fedora, OpenSuSE, Cobbler 2007 Python GPL Debian, Ubuntu Fully Automatic Installation (FAI) 2000 Perl GPL Debian Most .deb and Fedora Kickstart ? Python GPL based Linux OpenQRM 2005 PHP GPL Linux, Solaris, Windows Perl, Python, Spacewalk 2008 GPL Fedora, CentOS Java Viper 2008 Perl GPL Debian Monday, August 9, 2010
  • 11. Comparison of Configuration Management & Automation Tools Year Language License Client/Server Backing Started AutomateIT 2009 Ruby GPL No None bcfg2 Argonne National 2003 BSD BSD Yes Labs? Cfengine 1993 Apache Apache Yes Cfengine Inc. Chef Solo - No chef 2009 Ruby Apache Opscode Chef Server - Yes Puppet 2004 Ruby GPL Yes PuppetLabs Monday, August 9, 2010
  • 12. Comparisons of Open Source Monitoring Tools Year Monitoring License Language Collection Methods Started Type Cacti 2001 GPL PHP Performance SNMP, Syslog SNMP, TCP, ICMP, IPMI Nagios 1999 GPL C/PHP Availability Syslog Availability, OpenNMS 2000 GPL Java SNMP, JMX, HTTP Performance, Availability, SNMP, TCP, ICMP, IPMI, Zabbix 2001 GPL C/PHP Performance, and Synthetic Transactions more Availability, SNMP, SSH, Syslog, Event Zenoss 2005 GPL Python Performance, Management, Synthetic Transactions Event Management Monday, August 9, 2010
  • 13. CloudOps: Change in Culture GapingVoid - http://www.gapingvoidgallery.com/product_info.php?products_id=1643&osCsid=bc3tdqg6fuh8gato04m9obr0o1 Monday, August 9, 2010
  • 14. Old Systems Management Practices •Human Powered, Labor Intensive •Repetitive Tasks •“Meat Cloud” •How many servers do you manage per admin? Monday, August 9, 2010
  • 15. Cloud Changes Everything • Hyperscalable • Hardware Abstraction • Dynamic Infrastructure • Geography Independent • Fast & Flexible • How many cloud instances do you manage per admin? Monday, August 9, 2010
  • 16. The Myth of the Nines Availability % Downtime per Year Downtime per Month Downtime per Week 99.9% (three nines) 8.76 hours 43.2 minutes 10.1 minutes 99.95% 4.38 hours 21.56 minutes 5.04 minutes 99.99% (four nines) 52.6 minutes 4.32 minutes 1.01 minutes 99.999% (five nines) 5.26 minutes 25.9 seconds 6.05 minutes 99.9999% (six nines) 31.5 seconds 2.59 seconds .0605 seconds • Average polling interval for monitoring? 5 minutes? • Even super human operations people can’t be alerted and take action in under 5 minutes. • One outage per year could drop service level to three nines or worse. Monday, August 9, 2010
  • 17. P Automate or get run over. Copyright © 2010 Opscode, Inc - All Rights Reserved 17 Monday, August 9, 2010
  • 18. Cultural Changes Agile IT and DevOps movements • Operations and Developers should collaborate with each other to deliver excellent products • Systems Administrators need to be come Systems Engineers building automated, fault tolerant systems not just maintaining infrastructure • More frequent changes, more outages (albeit short) to rapidly improve IT products and services • Process, version control, and automation are important Monday, August 9, 2010
  • 19. Systems Management Tools for Cloud Computing Configuration Provisioning Management and Monitoring Automation Kickstart Ganglia AutomateIT Spacewalk Nagios Chef OpenNMS Cobbler Control Tier Zabbix OpenQRM Puppet Zenoss Core Monday, August 9, 2010
  • 20. “Off the shelf” Open Source Toolchains • OpenQRM and Nagios • Cobbler and Puppet • Zenoss & [Chef, Cfengine and Puppet] • Spacewalk and Cobbler • OpenNMS and Rancid • OpenNMS and Puppet Monday, August 9, 2010
  • 21. DevOps ToolChain Project Project centered around how to automate and improve infrastructure management using Agile/DevOps methodologies Discussion Topics • Open questions on unified pipe architecture • Distribution methods: package vs file, rscyn/murder vs yum/rpm vs DFS • Configuration management: RPMs vs puppet/cfengine/chef tool? • Rollback methodologies for package and config management tools • Controlling and timing package release and config management tools • Log management (aggregating, crunching, charting)Change detection http://code.google.com/p/devops-toolchain/ Monday, August 9, 2010
  • 22. Cloud Computing Changes Everything •MeatCloud, Can’t Keep up with Cloud Computing •Devops & Agile IT Philosophy •Script Repetitive Tasks •Automate, Automate, Automate Monday, August 9, 2010
  • 23. Example Cloud ToolChain •Multiple Cloud Providers •Mix and Match and match tools •Portability, Flexibility, and Monday, August 9, 2010
  • 24. Example - Geeknet • Servers are automatically built using configuration management software • Discovery tool finds infrastructure and populates a CMDB then spits out information to scripts that Hundreds of servers, serving translate information to BIND configurations for DNS web, databases, and other infrastructure for some of the • Monitoring tool adds hosts to polling tool to check world’s most highly trafficked servers for availability websites – over 40 million visitors per month. • As infrastructure changes systems are updated automatically • Servers can be spun up and managed in minutes, not hours automatically with little or no human interaction Monday, August 9, 2010
  • 25. Summary • Automate to improve service, apply leverage • Rethink how your operations works • Choose tools that can extend and adapt to new types of infrastructure (what does cloud look like in 2015?) Monday, August 9, 2010