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Hookedatinteraction - Nir Eyal
- 2. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal “When my boss tells me to increase engagement, I’m like...” Source: runningastartup.tumblr.com
- 3. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal “Why can’t we do it like _______?”
- 6. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal Selling painkillers - Obvious need - stop pain - Quanti!able market - Monetizable
- 7. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal Selling vitamins - Emotional need, not e"cacy - “Makes me feel good knowing...” - Unknown market
- 9. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal Habit is when not doing causes pain.
- 11. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal Creating pain? (more of an itch)
- 12. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal hab· it /ˈhabit/ Noun, Def: An behavior that occurs nearly or completely without cognition.
- 13. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal My goal If your business model requires habits ... ... a pattern intended to help you form better product hypotheses ... ... to increase odds of success.
- 14. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal the hook /T͟Hə ho͝ok/ Noun, Def: An experience designed to connect a solution to the user’s problem with enough frequency to form a habit.
- 17. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal Remember: ATARI A - A hook has 4 parts: T - Trigger A - Action R - Reward I - Investment
- 19. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal The !rst step to “connect a solution to the user’s problem”
- 20. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal Habits aren’t created, they are built upon
- 21. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal Triggers External Internal Alarms Calls-to-action Emails Stores Authority Emotions Routines Situations Places People What to do next is in the trigger What to do next is in the user’s head
- 23. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal External triggers in tech • Owned - Icons, emails, noti!cations.. (where given permission by user) • Paid - Search engine marketing, ads.. • Earned - PR, free media.. • Relationship - Word of mouth, a"nity groups.. Retention Acquisition
- 24. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal Dissatis!ed Indecisive Lost Tense Fatigued Inferior Fear of loss Bored Lonesome Confused Powerless Discouraged Emotions are frequent internal triggers
- 25. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal People with depression check email more. Source: Kotikalapudi et al 2012, Associating Depressive Symptoms in College Students with Internet Usage Using Real Internet Data
- 26. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal When I feel... ... I use Lonely Hungry Unsure Anxious Lost Mentally fatigued Facebook Yelp, GrubHub Google Email GPS ESPN, Glam Internal triggers in tech
- 27. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal Know your customer’s internal trigger.
- 28. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal “Every time the user (internal trigger) they use (product).”
- 30. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal Instagram triggers External Internal - FB and Twitter - App noti!cations - App icon - Fear of loosing the moment - Bored, lonesome, fear of missing out
- 31. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal In summary • Triggers are the !rst step of the hook. • The designer informs what to do next through external triggers. • The user informs what to do next through internal triggers. • Emotions provide frequent internal triggers.
- 33. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal when doing < thinking = action
- 34. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal trigger (SUCCESS!) trigger (FAIL!) ability motivation Source: Dr. BJ Fogg, Stanford University B = m.a.t. Fogg Behavior Model
- 35. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal mo· ti· va· tion /mōtə vāSHən/ Noun, Def: “The energy for action” - Edward Deci
- 36. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal motivation Motivators of behavior Seek: Pleasure Hope Acceptance Avoid: Pain Fear Rejection Source: Dr. BJ Fogg, Stanford University
- 40. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal a· bil· i· ty /əˈbilitē/ Noun, Def: The capacity to do.
- 41. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyalability How increase capacity to do something? Source: Dr. BJ Fogg, Stanford University
- 42. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyalability Factors of ability • Time • Money • Physical e&ort • Brain cycles • Social deviance • Non-routine Source: Dr. BJ Fogg, Stanford University
- 43. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal Simple online actions in anticipation of reward • Log-In (Facebook, Wordpress) • Search (Google, Expedia, Yelp) • Open (Twitter, SMS, email) • Scroll (Pinterest, Instagram) • Play (YouTube, online games)
- 47. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal Evolution of Twitter 2009 2010 2013
- 48. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal In summary • Action is the second step of the hook. • The action is the simplest behavior the user can do before getting rewarded. • To increase behavior: • Ensure a clear trigger is present. • Increase ability by making it easier. • Align with the right motivator.
- 50. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal The brain and rewards Source: Olds and Milner, 1945
- 51. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal Reward system stimulators
- 52. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal Were Olds and Milner stimulating pleasure? (not exactly)
- 53. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal The stress of desire • Dopamine system activated by anticipation of reward • And dampened when reward achieved Source: Knutson et al 2001
- 54. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal Supercharge the “stress of desire”... But how?
- 56. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal The unknown is fascinating • Our brains are prediction machines. • We seek to understand cause and e&ect. • Variability messes with our heads. • Causes us to increase focus and engagement. • ...and oh yes, it’s habit forming.
- 57. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal The endless search • B.F. Skinner showed intermittent rewards increase response rate. • Dopamine drives the search. • Variability spikes dopamine.
- 59. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal Search for social rewards the Tribe - Cooperation - Competition - Recognition - Acceptance - Sex - Empathetic joy Source:Adapted from Malone and Lepper, 1987
- 60. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal Rewards of the tribe
- 61. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal Rewards of the tribe
- 62. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal Search for resources the Hunt - Food - Money - Information
- 63. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal Rewards of the hunt: search for resources
- 64. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal Rewards of the hunt: search for information
- 65. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal Dare you not to scroll
- 66. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal Search for sensation the Self - Mastery - Consistency - Competency - Completion
- 67. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal Rewards of the self: competency and mastery
- 68. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal Rewards of the self: competency and mastery
- 69. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal Some words of warning!
- 70. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal Must still solve pain • Variable rewards are not a free pass. • You still need to give the user what they came for. • (see internal trigger and motivation)
- 71. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal No engagement without autonomy • People resist being controlled. • Autonomy is a pre-requisite. • If lost, you fail. Source: See Deci and Ryan on Self-Determination Theory
- 72. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal Finite rewards decay • As rewards become predictable, they become less interesting Finite Variability In!nite Variability - Single-player games - Consumption of media - Running a race to !nish it - Multi-player games - Creation of content - Communities - Running for pleasure or competition Source: See “hedonic treadmill”
- 73. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal In summary • Variable reward is the third step of the hook. • Reward types: • Tribe • Hunt • Self • Maintain feeling of autonomy, !nd in!nite variability and alleviate user pain
- 75. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal Investment • Where user does a bit of “work.” • “Pays” with something of value: time, money, social capital, e&ort, emotional commitment, personal data ...
- 76. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal • Done in anticipation of future rewards • Makes next pass through hook more likely by: • Loading the next trigger • Storing value • Creating preference Investment increase likelihood of next pass
- 77. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal Loading the next trigger
- 78. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal Pinterest T A VRI Email noti!cation Log-in Communication (Tribe) Pin, Re-Pin, Like, Comment Collecting, lonesome, seeking connection ...
- 85. Source: Langer, 1975 • People who pick lottery numbers assign greater odds. Labor increases value
- 86. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal Labor is love • Value own work almost as much as an expert’s. • Even if other’s don’t. Source: Ariely, Mochon and Norton, 2012
- 87. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal As we invest ... we seek to be consistent with past behaviors...
- 88. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal Little investments, big results Group 1: 17% accepted Group 2: 76% accepted Source: Freedman & Fraser, 1966
- 89. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal ...investments shape our tastes, preferences and identities.
- 90. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal In summary • Investment is the fourth step of the hook. • Small amounts of work to increase the likelihood of the user returning by: • Loading the next trigger • Storing value • Creating preference
- 91. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal the hook /T͟Hə ho͝ok/ Noun, Def: An experience designed to connect a solution to the user’s problem with enough frequency to form a habit.
- 92. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal Remember: ATARI A - A hook has 4 parts: T - Trigger A - Action R - Reward I - Investment
- 93. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal Hooks create associations - External triggers - Low preference - Low engagement - Internal triggers - High preference - High engagement
- 94. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal The hook canvas Trigger Action Variable RewardInvestment 3. What is the simplest behavior in anticipation of reward? 1. Internal trigger - What does the user really want? 2. External trigger - What gets the user to the product? 4. Is the reward ful!lling, yet leaves the user wanting more? 5. What is the ‘bit of work’ done to increase the likelihood of returning?
- 95. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal What are you going to do with this?
- 96. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal Cultivate meaning • The world is full of problems to !x. • Help others !nd meaning. • Engage them in something important. • Build the change you want to see in the world.
- 97. NIR EYAL NirAndFar.com @nireyal Please raise your phones • I heart feedback. • Please go here: www.OpinionTo.us • Help make this presentation better and ... get slides. • Thank you!