2-3 million die every year because of Vitamin A deficiency, 500.000 people get blind, most of them children. With Golden Rice, a lot of these people could be saved. Learn how and why.

1. GOLDEN RICE
CONCEPT AND OUTLOOK
U
UTLOOK

2.  792 million
people are
malnourished
(2000)
 10 million
children die of
malnutrition
every year
 2‐3 million die
because of VAD,
500.000 get
blind
 400 million
p
poor consume
mainly rice

3. Vitamin A import
Vit i A i rtance
 Vision
 Epithelial growth and repair
Epithelial gro th and repair
r
 Bone growth
 Reproduction and
embryonic development
 Maintenance of the surface
linings of the eyes
 Epithelial integrity of
p g y
respiratory, urinary and
intestinal tracts
 Regulation of adult genes
Reg lation of ad lt genes
 Immune response

4. Vitamin A
Vit i A
production
Just middle part
missing in endosperm:
Phytoene Synthase,
Phytoene Synthase
Phytoene Desaturase,
Zeta‐Carotene
Z t C t
Desaturase

5. The
Th
construct
A lot of
l f
work has
been done
since the
intitial
idea...
d

6. The “best“ const
Th “b t“ struct: GR II
t GR II
 Endosperm‐specific promotor Glu
utelin‐promotor Gt1p
 transit peptide tp to target plastid
d
 Nos‐Terminator , terminating syn
nthesis (nopaline synthase)
 carotene‐desaturase from Erwinia
a uredovora crtI, catalyzing mutiple
a uredovora crtI catalyzing mutiple
steps in carotenoid synthesis
 Zea mays phytoene synthase
 Maize ubiquitin‐promotor ubi1p
 phosphomannose‐isomerase mar
phosphomannose isomerase mar
rker System „Positech avoiding
rker‐System Positech“, avoiding
antibiotic‐marker
 RB and LB: RB, T‐DNA right/left b
, g / border sequence
q

7. The new Golden
Th G ld Ri
Rice
 Golden Rice up to 37 µg/g
carotenoid of which 31 µg/g is
β
β‐carotene (first genera
( g ation
Golden Rice 1.6 µg/g )
 $3 00 19 40 daly (costs
$3.00 ‐ 19.40 daly (costss to
save one life) – from $200
cost‐effective (World ba
ff ank)
 India: 5,000‐40,000 chil
India: 5,000 40,000 chilldren
could be saved per year r –
every 14minutes one liffe

8. Criticism
C iti i
 Golden Rice could
contaminate wild
rice forever
 better answers to the
problem of VAD
 Encourages diet based d on one food
 Designed to help introoducing GMOs
 Unknown side‐effects s
 Bioavailability, storage effects
Bi il bilit t ff t

9. Micronutrients an
nd Bioavailablity
 Micronutrients
can enhance
soil quality
 Various factors
determine
availablity
 A lot of
breeding‐
pote t a
potential

10. Status and Outl
St t d O tl k
l
look
 Introduction to the
Philippines b
hl by 2012,
then Bangladesh
g
 Yield: about 5t ‐ low?
Storage
Storage – depends on traits
Conversion factor – firrst experiments
successfull
 GR with additional nut tritional traits:
vitamin E, iron and zin
nc, high‐quality
p
protein or essential am
mino acids

11. Personalized
medicine
 Trend of the future:
personalized diets for
problematic SNPs
 Nutrigenomics:
Interaction of dietary
components and
t d
resulting proteonomic
and metabolomic
changes
 Nutrigenetics:
Understanding Gene‐
based differences in
response to dietary
components

12. What should
be done
 Spread
biofortified food
to Africa
 Adopt
regulatory
process
 Shift public
opinion
 Focus research
and
agriculture
lesser on
profits
 Establish not
only bio, but
also quality

13. Sources
 All Slides:
Salim Al‐Babili and Peter Beyer, „Golden Rice – five years on the road – five years to go?“, Review: Trends in Plant Science,
Vol. 10 No. 12 December 2005
Roukayatou Zimmermann, Matin Qaim: „Potential heal
R k t Zi M ti Q i P t ti l h l lth benefits of Golden Rice – a Philippine case study“ – F d li
lth b fit f G ld Ri Phili i t d “ Food policy 29
(2004)
Ross M. Welch, Robin D. Graham: „Breeding for micronu utrients in staple food crops from a human nutrition perspective“,
Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 55, No. 396
Peter Bayer et al.: „Golden Rice: Indroducing the β‐Caro
otene Biosynthesis Pathway into Rice Endosperm by Genetic
Engineering to Defeat Vitamin A Defiency Symposium
Engineering to Defeat Vitamin A Defiency“, Symposium m The Journal of Nutrition, 2002 American Society for Nutritional
m The Journal of Nutrition 2002 American Society for Nutritional
Science
The Golden Rice project – www.goldenrice.org
 Slide 3: http://www.cehjournal.org/extra/40_15_01.html , Photos: Simon Franken, Allen Foster, Donald McLaren & Gordon
Johnson
Alfred Sommer (ophthalmologist) http://www.jhsph.ed / bli h l h
Alf d S ( hth l l i t) h // jh h edu/publichealthnews/press_releases/sommer_vitA.html
/ l / i Ah l
 Slide 7:
DER SPIEGEL 48/2008 http://www.spiegel.de/media/0,4 4906,19439,00.pdf
„Kampagne für gentechnisch veränderten Reis am Sche eideweg“ Christoph Then, www.scouting‐biotechnology.net, Januar
2009, im Auftrag von foodwatch e. V.
9, g
http://www.foodwatch.de/e10/e1026/e19431/e23453/Go oldenRice_deutsch_final_ger.pdf
„All that glitters is not Gold: The false hope of Golden Riice“, Greenpeace, May 2005,
http://www.greenpeace.org/raw/content/international/ /press/reports/all‐that‐glitters‐is‐not‐gold.pdf
 Slide 8: www.greenpeace.org
 Slide 9: http://www.goldenrice.org/Content3‐Why/why3
3_FAQ.html
 Slide 11: Rahul Shetty MD, http://open.medicdrive.org/b
blog/2007/09/26/surfing‐the‐waves‐of‐medicine‐two‐point‐oh/
 Slide 12: Google Earth, Terrametrics, DigitalGlobe
Undata, www.thematicmapping.org
, pp g g