1. By Thanyamon C. 1

2.  
Œ š ‹
‹ Œ
Œ
š
 (hydrocarbon
compound)
(crude oil)
 (natural gas)
By Thanyamon C. 2

3. Œ
‹ Œ Œ Œ
Œ 
Œ Œ ‹
Œ ‹ . . ‹ ‹ ŒŒ
.
Œ Œ Œ ‹ ( ‹ )
‹ Œ ‹ ‹ Œ
By Thanyamon C. 3

4. By Thanyamon C. 4

5. ‹  ‹
. . ‹
 ‹ ‹ Œ  (Œ 80-95)
80-95)
š  , , CO2, H2S,
N2
Œ Œ ‹ š  Œ
‹ ‹Œ ‹
 Œ ‹  ‹
By Thanyamon C. 5

6. š Œ ‡, , 
š ‰
CO2
Œ
š  Œ
Œ 
By Thanyamon C. 6

7. ‹ ‹
‹ Œ ‹
‹ Œ  ‹
Œ  ‹ Œ Œ
‹ ‹ ‹
(fractional distillation)
‹
 Œ
By Thanyamon C. 7

8. 
‹
350-
350-400 ™C
By Thanyamon C. 8

9. By Thanyamon C. 9

10. (gasoline) Œ ‹ 65-
65-170 ™C
iso-
Πiso-octane ( 100)
100) š
(octane number) š
Πisoctane
‹ ‹
˜ 91 95
( , )
‹ ‹ ˜ Œ Œ MTBE ‹
Œ
By Thanyamon C. 10

11.   (gasohol) ‹ E10 Œ
(9 ‹ ) +  (1 ‹ )
(diesel fuel) š ‹
‹ Œ ( )
Œ Œ , ‡
Πcetane)
(cetane) š
By Thanyamon C. 11

12. (biodiesel) š
biodiesel) Œ
  š ‹
Œ  š  Œ Œ

( )

By Thanyamon C. 12

13.  (natural gas)   (CH4) Œ
š ‡, Œ
‹ š   ‹ CNG (compressed
natural gas) ‹ NGV (Natural gas vehicle)
 Œ ‹ Œ ‹
‹ Œ  Œ ‹ ‹
Œ ‹
By Thanyamon C. 13

14.   (liquefied petroleum gas
LPG) š  (C3H8)
(C4H10) Œ Œ
Œ  š
Œ š (  Œ) Œ
š 
 Œ š  ‹ ‹
Œ Œ
 By Thanyamon C. 14

15. By Thanyamon C. 15

16. By Thanyamon C. 16