1. By Liam O’ Flaherty
Prepared by:
Herma Shadra binti Khusaini (2012877332)
Nur Syazleen bt Yusoff Lutefi (2012639786)
Nur Syahira binti Sahumi (2012422842)
Nur Auni Binti Salahuddin (2012857882)

2.  Novelist and short-story writer Liam O'Flaherty
was born on August 28, 1898, in a poverty-stricken
village on Inishmore Island in County Galway on
the western coast of Ireland.
 In 1915, he enlisted in the British Army during the
First World War and suffered a serious injury two
years later in a bomb explosion at
Langemarck, Belgium.
 Several of O'Flaherty's novels center on the effects
of war, revolution, and social upheaval in Ireland
in the early twentieth century and in the nineteenth
century. O'Flaherty died on Sept. 7, 1984, in
Dublin.

4. Exposition
 The IRA Sniper lay on the roof
engulfed in the dark night of Dublin
as the sounds of Civil War echoed
around him.
 At this moment, the situation starts to
tell the reader about the what the IRA
Sniper will face that night.

5. Rising Action
 When a bullet flattened itself
against the parapet of the roof. The
IRA Sniper then crawled away to
the left. Luckily, the IRA Sniper did
not get shot.

6.  Climax
 The IRA Sniper finally got shot on
his right forearm.
 “Then catching the riffle in the
middle, the IRA Sniper dropped
his left hand over the roof and let it
hang, lifelessly. (line 60). “
 [the action is to show to the enemy
that he is dead]

7. Falling
 The IRA Sniper shot the enemy. He
become filled with a feeling of
remorse.
 “He began to gibber to
himself, cursing the war, cursing
himself, cursing everybody (line 88) “

8. Resolution
 The IRA Sniper decided to leave the
roof and planned report the updated of
the war to the person in charge ( his
commander). But then, he was curious
to know the identity of his enemy who
had put up such a challenging battle.
Then, he turned over the corpse, he
found his brother dead body on the
street.

9.  War reduces human beings to mere objects.
 They have no names, no faces. They are targets,
nothing more, to be shot at from a distance. To
support this theme, O‟Flaherty refrains from
naming any of his characters.
 War knows no boundaries—age, sex, location,
time of day, family ties.
 The IRA sniper is a young man, and the informer
is an old woman. The fighting takes place in the
heart of a city after sundown. The IRA sniper
unwittingly shoots and kills his own brother.

10.  This short story tells us about modern
warfare at its darkest when a young man
in a sense can become a fanatical killer
for a reason that no many can see
justifiable.

11.  IRA (Irish Republican Army) Sniper
 The Opposition (enemy) Sniper
 Turret Gunner
 An Old Unknown Woman
 Unseen Machine Gunner

12.  The Sniper is the main character in the
story.
 The member of Republican army that
positioned on a top of roof in Dublin.
 He has the face of a student, thin and
ascetic, but his eyes had the cold gleam of
the fanatic.

13.  Picking off people as he chose, he seems
calm at times, but he is also a character
that tired of killing.
 A very curious army as after thinking for
some times, he chose to take a look at the
„enemy‟ that he shoot down.

14.  A member of the free state army and wanted to
kill the IRA Sniper that located on the rooftop
across the IRA Sniper.
 He appears to has the chance to kill the IRA
Sniper but he made an error and falls into the
IRA Sniper‟s trap.

15.  He was shot down by the IRA Sniper when he
was standing up on his position of the rooftop
across the IRA Sniper.
 Was reveled in the end of the story as the
brother of the IRA Sniper.

16.  An enemy army that was positioned at
the turret.
 Was shot by the IRA Sniper as the IRA
Sniper saw him looking at the IRA
Sniper.

17.  An informer of the enemy.
 Appeared in the story wearing a tattered shawl on
her head.
 She reveled the position of the IRA Sniper to the
turret gunner.
 Die after she reveled the information as the IRA
Sniper saw her darted towards the side of the street .

18.  The person who was shooting the
IRA Sniper after he leaves the roof.

19.  "The Sniper" takes place in Ireland's
largest city, Dublin, on the country's
east coast on Dublin Bay, an inlet of
the Irish Sea.

20.  The sniper posts himself on a rooftop in
central Dublin near the Four Courts
building, which houses the high courts of
Ireland, and O'Connell Bridge, which spans
the River Liffey. The Liffey divides the city
into two sections as it runs eastward to
Dublin Bay.

21.  The time is nightfall in June after the
establishment of the Irish Free State
in 1922.

22. The Four Courts building

23.  The perspective is that of a 3rd person narrator.
The point of view is limited because the narrator
confines himself to the protagonist´s point of
view. That is to say that he limits his narration to
what is experienced, thought, and felt by the
sniper who is in the center of attention in the
action and thus provides the “center of
consciousness”.

24.  The narrator knows exactly what the
protagonist is going to do next and observes
him with a “camera-eye” technique.
Consequently, the reader feels deeply with
the protagonist and his situation.

25.  Who else but an omniscient narrator could
know that “his [the sniper´s] eyes had the
cold gleam of the fanatic”, that they are “the
eyes of a man who is used to look at
death”, and that “he must kill that enemy".
The text abounds in countless examples of
the Republican´s thoughts and
feelings, almost culminating in self-denial.

26. Thank You! 