1. Exam Revision
Section A
By Sophie Hales.

2. What will be asked?
I will be asked a question on how one social group
as been represented in the extract through the use
of camera work, mise-en-scene, sound and editing.
The question will specify which social group to
focus on:
 Age
 Sexuality
 Gender
 Class and Status
 Disability/ability
 Ethnicity
 Regional identity

3. How to do well?
What to do?
 Use a range of relevant and specific
example from the extract.
 In detailed explain how my examples
construct representations of the social
group.
 Use a range of examples from all four
technical areas (at a balanced number
for each).
 Use terminology accurately and
consistently.


4. The four technical areasCamera
The use of camerawork can be used to represent
characters in varied way:
 Camera movement to suggest the characters
movement e.g fast and energetic or chaotic and
anxious.
 Close-ups to represent emotions/reactions.
 Long/establishing to show setting/costumes.
 High and low angles/tilts to represent
dominance/inferiority.
 Zooms for emphasis.
 Point of view/over the should to encourage the
audience to identify with the character.
 Two shot- emphasise the relationship of two
characters.

5. Camerawork continued…
Close-up – showing someone from the shoulders
up
 Mid-shot-showing someone from the waist up.
 Wide shot- showing a wide view of the scene.
 Two shot- A shot showing two people.
 Long shot- showing someone from head to toe.
 Establishing shot- shot showing the location the
scene is taking place in.
 Aerial shot- shot filmed from the air.
 Master shot- shot showing where the
character/objects are positioned in a scene.


6. Angles/tilts in camerawork
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High angle shots- the camera is looking down at
someone/object
Low angle- the camera looks up at someone/object
Point of view shot- showing the perspective of a character.
Over the shoulder shot- is what it says
Pan- the camera moves from side to side.
Canted angle- the camera is at a slanted angle.
Tilt- the camera moves up and down.
Track- the camera follow a person/object.
Steadicam-The camera is strapped to camera operator’s
body, creates a gliding effect.
Hand-held- A shaky handheld effect.
Zoom-the camera zooms in or out.
Reverse zoom- The lenses zooms in or out.

7. Mise-en-scene
Mise-en-scene is another important
representation:
 Where the scene is taking place and how
it appears
 What a character wears.
 Lighting connotes certain meaning about
characters.
 Props can signify informations about
characters.


8. Mise-en-scene continued
 Set
design- how the setting is designed.
 Location- where the scene takes place.
 Costume and make-up- clothes worn by the
actors and the make up used.
 Props- objects used in the scene.
 High key lighting- bright lighting.
 Low key lighting- dark lighting.

9. Sound
Sound can too represent social groups in
varied ways:
 The use of music can tell the audience
about the character.
 The language and accent of a character.
 Ambient sound can tell you about the
setting.

10. Sound continued
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Diegetic- sound originating from a source in the
scene e.g dialogue
Non-diegetic- sound added in postproduction e.g
background music.
Sound motif- a sound or piece of music associated
with a character, place, or theme.
Dialogue- word spoken by actors.
Voiceover- dialogue spoken by an unseen character
over related images.
Direct address- when the actor speaks directly to the
camera.
Sound mix- the way in which the different sounds in a
scene are mixed together.
Ambient sound- background noise.

11. Editing
Editing can also be used to construct
representations by:
 Creating links between characters or settings.
 Contrasting characters settings (crosscutting,
shot/reverse shot).
 The pace of editing (fast pace-young, energetic,
slow- old).
 Showing us what a character is looking at.
 Showing us what a character is thinking about
(cutting, superimposition).


12. Editing continued
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Cutting- the process where one shot is replaced on screen immediately by the
next.
Jump cut- cutting out the middle section of a shot.
Crosscutting- cutting back and forth between two or more scenes happening
simultaneously.
Shot/reverse shot- cutting back and forth between people in a conversation.
Eyeline match- cutting to show what a character is looking at.
Graphic match- a similar shape or colour linking two consecutive shots.
Action match- cutting to show another angle of the scene.
Dissolve- when one shot fades out as the next shot fades in.
Fade out fade in- the image fades out to a blank screen, or fades in from a
black screen.
Long take- a single continuous shot that doesn’t cut for abnormal length of
time (e.g over a minute)
Fast pace/ slow paced editing- when the editing is fast paced the action will
cut rapidly from to shot with each shot lasting only a few seconds. Slow
aced editing will involve limited cutting from shot to shot.
Slow motion- what it says.
Superimposition- when one image is placed on top of another.