قانون المسطرة الجنائية

1. ‫انجُبئٛخ‬ ‫انًظطزح‬ ٌَٕ‫لب‬
‫رظخٍ٣ن‬ ‫ٓل٤٘ش‬ ‫ٛ٤ـش‬38َ‫أًظٞر‬3122

2. -3-
‫رلى‬ ٌَٕ‫انمب‬00.22‫انًزؼهك‬‫انجُبئٛخ‬ ‫ثبنًظطزح‬ّ‫رؼذٚه‬ ‫رى‬ ‫كًب‬
‫انزبنٛخ‬ ٍَٛ‫ثبنمٕا‬8
2-ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬46.22ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ْ٤ٔ‫ٝطظ‬ َ٤٤‫رظـ‬ ٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬33.12ُٔ‫رخ‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬‫ٔطَس‬
َ٤ٜ‫ظ‬ ٌٙ٤‫رظ٘ل‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ ،‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫َٗ٣ق‬2.22.27:‫رظخٍ٣ن‬2:‫حُوؼيس‬ ١ً ٖٓ2543(28
َ‫أًظٞر‬3122)‫؛‬‫ػيى‬ ‫حَُٓٔ٤ش‬ ‫حُـَ٣يس‬6::1‫رظخٍ٣ن‬3:ًٝ‫حُوؼيس‬2543(38َ‫أًظٞر‬
3122،)ٙ6346‫؛‬
3-ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬69.22ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫حَُ٘٣ق‬ َ٤ٜ‫حُظ‬ ٚ‫رٔٞؿز‬ َ٤‫حُٔـ‬ ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫رٔلٌٔش‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬
2.68.334ُ‫ح‬٢‫ك‬ ٍ‫ٜخى‬3ٍٝ‫حأل‬ ‫ٍر٤غ‬2488(38َ‫ٓزظٔز‬2:68،٠ِ‫حألػ‬ ِْ‫حُٔـ‬ ٕ‫ر٘ؤ‬ )
َ٤ٜ‫ظ‬ ٌٙ٤‫رظ٘ل‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫َٗ٣ق‬2.22.281‫رظخٍ٣ن‬38‫حُوؼيس‬ ١ً ٖٓ2543(36َ‫أًظٞر‬
3122)‫؛‬‫ػيى‬ ‫حَُٓٔ٤ش‬ ‫حُـَ٣يس‬6:9:‫رظخٍ٣ن‬ ٌٍَٓ39‫حُوؼيس‬ ًٝ2543(37َ‫أًظٞر‬
3122)،ٙ6339‫؛‬
4-ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬48.21٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ْ٤ٔ‫ٝطظ‬ َ٤٤‫رظـ‬33.12‫رخُٔٔطَس‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬
‫حَُٗٞس‬ ْ‫ؿَحث‬ ٚ‫٣و‬ ‫ك٤ٔخ‬ ،ٖ٤‫ٝحُٔزِـ‬ ‫ٝحُوزَحء‬ ‫ٝحُٜ٘ٞى‬ ‫حُ٠لخ٣خ‬ ‫كٔخ٣ش‬ ٕ‫ٗؤ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ،‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬
ٍ‫ٝحٓظـال‬ ّ‫ٝحالهظال‬َ٤ٜ‫ظ‬ ٌٙ٤‫رظ٘ل‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ ،‫ٝؿ٤َٛخ‬ ًٞ‫حُ٘ل‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫َٗ٣ق‬2.22.275‫رظخٍ٣ن‬
2:‫حُوؼيس‬ ١ً ٖٓ2543(28َ‫أًظٞر‬3122‫حُـَ٣يس‬ ‫)؛‬‫ػيى‬ ‫حَُٓٔ٤ش‬6:99‫رظخٍ٣ن‬33ًٝ
‫حُوؼيس‬2543(31َ‫أًظٞر‬3122ٙ ،)6234‫؛‬
5-ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬47.21ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ْ٤ٔ‫ٝطظ‬ َ٤٤‫رظـ‬33.12،‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫رخُٔٔطَس‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬
َ٤ٜ‫ظ‬ ٌٙ٤‫رظ٘ل‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫َٗ٣ق‬2.22.261‫رظخٍ٣ن‬27ٕ‫ٍٓ٠خ‬ ٖٓ2543(28ْ‫أؿٔط‬
3122‫ػيى‬ ‫حَُٓٔ٤ش‬ ‫حُـَ٣يس‬ ‫)؛‬6:86ٍ‫رظخ‬‫٣ن‬7ٍ‫ٗٞح‬2543(6َ‫ٓزظٔز‬3122)،ٙ
54:1‫؛‬
6-ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬24.21‫حُٜٔخىم‬ ٢‫حُـ٘خث‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٓـٔٞػش‬ ْ٤ٔ‫ٝطظ‬ َ٤٤‫رظـ‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬
ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫حَُ٘٣ق‬ َ٤ٜ‫رخُظ‬2.6:.524‫رظخٍ٣ن‬39‫ح٥هَس‬ ٟ‫ؿٔخى‬ ٖٓ2493(37َ‫ٗٞكٔز‬2:73)
ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫ٝحُوخ‬33.12ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫رخُٔٔطَس‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬‫ح‬ ٌٙ٤‫رظ٘ل‬‫حَُ٘٣ق‬ َ٤ٜ‫ُظ‬ْ‫ٍه‬
2.13.366‫رظخٍ٣ن‬36‫ٍؿذ‬ ٖٓ2534(4َ‫أًظٞر‬3113)ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫ٝحُوخ‬54.16‫حُٔظؼِن‬
َ٤ٜ‫حُظ‬ ٌٙ٤‫رظ٘ل‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ ٍ‫حألٓٞح‬ َٔ‫ؿ‬ ‫رٌٔخكلش‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫حَُ٘٣ق‬2.18.8:‫رظخٍ٣ن‬39‫ٍر٤غ‬ ٖٓ
ٍٝ‫حأل‬2539(28َ٣َ‫أر‬3118،)َ٤ٜ‫ظ‬ ٌٙ٤‫رظ٘ل‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫َٗ٣ق‬2.22.13‫رظخٍ٣ن‬26
َ‫ٛل‬ ٖٓ2543(31َ٣‫٣٘خ‬3122‫ػيى‬ ‫حَُٓٔ٤ش‬ ‫حُـَ٣يس‬ ‫)؛‬6:22‫رظخٍ٣ن‬2:َ‫ٛل‬2543
(35َ٣‫٣٘خ‬3122ٙ ،)2:7‫؛‬
7-ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬35.16ٖ٤‫حُٔخىط‬ ْ٤ٔ‫طظ‬ ٝ َ٣‫رظؼي‬634ٝ641ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ33.12
،‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫رخُٔٔطَس‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬ٌٙ٤‫رظ٘ل‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬َ٤ٜ‫ظ‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫َٗ٣ق‬2.16.223‫رظخٍ٣ن‬31ٖٓ
ٍ‫ٗٞح‬2537(34َٞٗ‫كٔز‬3116)‫؛‬‫ػيى‬ ‫حَُٓٔ٤ش‬ ‫حُـَ٣يس‬6485‫رظخٍ٣ن‬39ٍ‫ٗٞح‬2537
َ‫ى٣ٔٔز‬ ‫(كخطق‬3116ٙ ،)4252‫؛‬

3. -4-
8-ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬34.16‫حُٔخىس‬ َ٣‫رظؼي‬639ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ33.12‫رخُٔٔطَس‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬
،‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫َٗ٣ق‬ َ٤ٜ‫ظ‬ ٌٙ٤‫رظ٘ل‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬2.16.222‫رظخٍ٣ن‬31ٍ‫ٗٞح‬ ٖٓ25(34َ‫ٗٞكٔز‬
3116)‫؛‬َُٔٓ‫ح‬ ‫حُـَ٣يس‬‫ػيى‬ ‫٤ش‬6485‫رظخٍ٣ن‬39ٍ‫ٗٞح‬2537َ‫ى٣ٔٔز‬ ‫(كخطق‬3116ٙ ،)
4251‫؛‬
9-ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬14.14ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫َٗ٣ق‬ َ٤ٜ‫ظ‬ ٌٙ٤‫رظ٘ل‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ ،‫حإلٍٛخد‬ ‫رٌٔخكلش‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬
2.14.251‫رظخٍ٣ن‬37ٍٝ‫حأل‬ ‫ٍر٤غ‬ ٖٓ2535(39١‫ٓخ‬3114)‫؛‬‫ػيى‬ ‫حَُٓٔ٤ش‬ ‫حُـَ٣يس‬
6223‫رظخٍ٣ن‬38ٍٝ‫حأل‬ ‫ٍر٤غ‬ ٖٓ2535(3:١‫ٓخ‬3114ٙ ،)2866.

4. -5-
‫رلى‬ ‫شزٚف‬ ‫ظٓٛز‬2.20.033ٙ‫ف‬ ‫صبدر‬03‫رجت‬ ٍ‫ي‬2201
(1‫أكزٕثز‬0220‫رلى‬ ٌَٕ‫انمب‬ ‫ثزُفٛذ‬ )00.22‫ثبنًظطزح‬ ‫انًزؼهك‬
‫انجُبئٛخ‬1
---
،ٙ‫ٝكي‬ ‫هلل‬ ‫حُلٔي‬
‫حَُ٘٣ق‬ ‫حُطخرغ‬–;ِٚ‫ريحه‬
) ٚ٤ُٝ ‫هللا‬ ‫٣ٞٓق‬ ٖ‫ر‬ ‫ٓلٔي‬ ٖ‫ر‬ ٖٔ‫حُل‬ ٖ‫ر‬ ‫ٓلٔي‬ (
;‫أٗ٘خ‬ َٙٓ‫أ‬ ِ‫ٝأػ‬ ‫هللا‬ ٙ‫أٓٔخ‬ ،‫ٌٛح‬ ‫حَُ٘٣ق‬ ‫ظٜ٤َٗخ‬ ٖٓ ِْ‫٣ؼ‬
ٖ٤ِٜ‫حُل‬ ‫ٓ٤ٔخ‬ ‫ٝال‬ ٍٞ‫حُيٓظ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬37ٝ69،ٚ٘ٓ
;٢ِ٣ ‫رٔخ‬ ‫حَُ٘٣ق‬ ‫أَٓٗخ‬ ‫أٛيٍٗخ‬
ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ،‫ٌٛح‬ ‫حَُ٘٣ق‬ ‫ظٜ٤َٗخ‬ ‫ػوذ‬ ،‫حَُٓٔ٤ش‬ ‫رخُـَ٣يس‬ َ٘٘٣ٝ ٌ‫٣٘ل‬33.12‫حُٔظؼِن‬
.‫حُ٘ٞحد‬ ِْ‫ٝٓـ‬ ٖ٣ٍ‫حُٔٔظ٘خ‬ ِْ‫ٓـ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٝحكن‬ ‫ًٔخ‬ ،‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫رخُٔٔطَس‬
٢‫ك‬ ًٖ‫رَٔح‬ ٍَ‫ٝك‬36‫ٍؿذ‬ ٖٓ2534(4َ‫أًظٞر‬3113.)
;‫رخُؼطق‬ ٚ‫ٝهؼ‬
ٍٝ‫حأل‬ َ٣ُُٞ‫ح‬
‫حإل‬٢‫٣ٞٓل‬ ٖٔ‫حَُك‬ ‫ػزي‬ ;‫ٓ٠خء‬
1-‫ػيى‬ ‫حَُٓٔ٤ش‬ ‫حُـَ٣يس‬6189‫رظخٍ٣ن‬38‫حُوؼيس‬ ١ً2534(41َ٣‫٣٘خ‬3114ٙ ،)426.

5. -6-
‫رلى‬ ٌَٕ‫لب‬00.22‫انجُبئٛخ‬ ‫ثبنًظطزح‬ ‫ٚزؼهك‬
‫دٚجبجخ‬
‫رظخٍ٣ن‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬ ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬ َ٤٤‫رظـ‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٍحٓو‬ ‫حالهظ٘خع‬ ‫أٛزق‬21َ٣‫كزَح‬
2:6:‫حَُ٘٣ق‬ َ٤ٜ‫حُظ‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ‫حَُٔ٘ع‬ َ‫طيه‬ ‫ٝهي‬ .٢ٟ‫حُٔخ‬ َٕ‫حُو‬ ٖٓ ‫حُٔزؼ٤٘خص‬ ‫ريح٣ش‬ ٌ٘ٓ
٢‫ك‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ ‫حالٗظوخُ٤ش‬ ‫رخإلؿَحءحص‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬39َ‫ٗظ٘ز‬2:85‫ًُي‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٜٓٔش‬ ‫طؼي٣الص‬ َ‫ُ٤يه‬
ِٜٚ‫ك‬ ٢‫ك‬ ًَّٝ .ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬ َ٤٤‫رظـ‬ ٚ‫ه٘خػظ‬ ٍٝ‫حأل‬2:6:ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬ ٚ٘ٔ٠‫ط‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ً‫ح‬َ‫ٓؼظز‬
ٍٞ‫ىه‬ ٖ٤‫ك‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫رٜخ‬ َٔ‫٣ؼ‬ ‫َٓكِ٤ش‬ ‫طـ٤٤َحص‬ ‫ٓـَى‬ ‫حالٗظوخُ٤ش‬ ‫حإلؿَحءحص‬»‫حُـي٣ي‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬
‫حُظطز٤ن‬ ِ٤‫ك‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫ُِٔٔطَس‬«.
ُٜٙٞ٘‫رخ‬ ‫َٓطزطش‬ ًَ‫ٝٓ٘خ‬ ‫ػـَحص‬ ‫ػيس‬ ‫ٝؿٞى‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫حُ٤ٞٓ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔٔخٍٓش‬ ‫ً٘لض‬ ‫ٝهي‬
‫ح‬ ‫رخُٞحهغ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُوخٗٞٗ٤ش‬ٖٓ ٚ‫ططَك‬ ‫ُٔخ‬ ‫ٝأؿٞرش‬ ٍِٞ‫ك‬ ْ٣‫ٝطوي‬ ‫ُٜخ‬ ١‫حُظٜي‬ ٢‫٣٘زـ‬ ٢‫الؿظٔخػ‬
‫حُيُٝ٤ش‬ ‫ٝحالطلخه٤خص‬ ‫حُٔٞحػ٤ن‬ ٖٓ ‫ؿِٔش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُٔـَر٤ش‬ ‫حٌُِٔٔش‬ ‫ٜٓخىهش‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫ًٔخ‬ .‫اٌٗخُ٤خص‬
‫ًُي‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫٣٠خف‬ .٢ُٔ‫حُؼخ‬ ٚ‫حُظٞؿ‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ٚٗٞٗ‫هخ‬ ‫ٓالءٓش‬ َ‫أؿ‬ ٖٓ ‫حَُٔ٘ع‬ َ‫طيه‬ َٝ‫طل‬ ‫أٛزلض‬
ٔٗ‫حإل‬ ‫كوٞم‬ ٍ‫ٓـخ‬ ‫ػَكٜخ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ َٟ‫حٌُز‬ ‫حُطلَس‬‫حُلوٞم‬ ٌٙٛ ‫ٛ٤خٗش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ َٙ‫ٝحُل‬ ،‫رزالىٗخ‬ ٕ‫خ‬
.ٕٞٗ‫ٝحُوخ‬ ‫حُلن‬ ‫ىُٝش‬ ‫ر٘خء‬ ٝ ،‫ٝحُـٔخػ٤ش‬ ‫حُلَى٣ش‬ ‫حُلَ٣خص‬ ‫ٝكٔخ٣ش‬
ٚ‫ربهَحؿ‬ َ٤‫ٝحُظؼـ‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬ ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬ َ٣‫طؼي‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫ىػض‬ َٟ‫أه‬ ‫أٓزخد‬ ‫ٝؿيص‬ ‫ٝهي‬
;‫ر٤ٜ٘خ‬ ٖٓ ‫حُظطز٤ن‬ ِ٤‫ك‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬
-‫ٓوظِق‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ ‫حٍط٤خف‬ ‫ٓزؼغ‬ ‫٣ؼي‬ ُْ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُؼيحُش‬ ّ‫ٗظخ‬ ٕ‫ا‬‫ًخكش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُٜٔظٔش‬ ‫حُلؼخُ٤خص‬
‫كؼخُ٤ظٜخ‬ ّ‫ٝػي‬ ‫حإلؿَحءحص‬ ‫ر٢ء‬ ‫ٗظ٤ـش‬ ٖ٤‫ٝحُٔظظزؼ‬ ٖ٤ٔ‫حُٜٔظ‬ ٖٓ ‫حٗظوخى‬ َ‫ٓل‬ ‫ٝأٛزق‬ ،‫حألٛؼيس‬
‫حُٔٔطَ٣ش‬ ٍ‫ح٥ؿخ‬ ٌُٕٞ ٝ‫أ‬ ،‫ًلخ٣ظٜخ‬ ّ‫ػي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔوٍَس‬ ‫حإلؿَحث٤ش‬ ‫حألٓخُ٤ذ‬ ٟٝ‫ؿي‬ ّ‫ػي‬ ‫رٔزذ‬
‫رخَُٔس؛‬ ‫ٓليىس‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫١ٞ٣ِش‬
-‫ؿي‬ ‫أٗٞحع‬ ٍٜٞ‫ٝظ‬ ،‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ ‫ظخَٛس‬ ‫طٜخػي‬٢ِٔ‫حُؼ‬ ّ‫رخُظوي‬ ‫َٓطزطش‬ ْ‫حُـَحث‬ ٖٓ ‫٣يس‬
‫حُلخُ٤ش‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬ ٍٜٞ‫ه‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٕ‫أرخ‬ ،‫ٝحالهظٜخى٣ش‬ ‫حالؿظٔخػ٤ش‬ ‫ٝرخُظَٝف‬ ٢‫ٝحُظٌُ٘ٞٞؿ‬
‫ٌٓخكلظٜخ؛‬ ٢‫ك‬
-ٍ‫هي‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُزض‬ ٚ‫ٓؼ‬ ‫رخص‬ ٌَ٘‫ر‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُؼيحُش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُٔؼَٟٝش‬ ‫حُو٠خ٣خ‬ ‫ػيى‬ ْ‫ط٠و‬
٠ُ‫ا‬ ١‫٣ئى‬ ٢‫حُـٔخػ‬ ‫حُو٠خء‬ ‫طٌ٘٤الص‬ ‫رٞحٓطش‬ ‫ٜٓ٘خ‬ َ‫ٛخث‬.‫رؼ٠ٜخ‬ ‫رٔخ١ش‬ ْ‫ٍؿ‬ ‫طَحًٜٔخ‬ ‫ُ٣خىس‬
ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُٔظؼخٍف‬ ٢ُِٔ٘ ً‫خ‬‫ٝكو‬ ‫حُؼخىُش‬ ‫حُٔلخًٔش‬ ‫ظَٝف‬ َ٤‫طٞك‬ ْ‫ٛخؿ‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫كوي‬ ّٞٔ‫حُؼ‬ ٠ِ‫ٝػ‬
‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُِٜٔلش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٝحُللخظ‬ ،‫ؿٜش‬ ٖٓ ْٜ‫كَ٣خط‬ ٕٞٛٝ ‫حألكَحى‬ ‫كوٞم‬ ّ‫حكظَح‬ ٝ ً‫خ‬٤ُٔ‫ػخ‬
‫اػخىس‬ ‫أػ٘خء‬ ‫ًَِٓ٣ش‬ ‫ٗوطش‬ ‫ٌِٗض‬ ‫أٓخٓ٤ش‬ َٛ‫ػ٘خ‬ ،َٟ‫أه‬ ‫ؿٜش‬ ٖٓ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ ّ‫ٝحُ٘ظخ‬٢‫ك‬ َ‫حُ٘ظ‬
‫ٓ٘ش‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬ ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬2:6:‫رخإلؿَحءحص‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬ ‫حَُ٘٣ق‬ َ٤ٜ‫ٝحُظ‬ ،
‫ٓ٘ش‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حالٗظوخُ٤ش‬2:85‫ٓغ‬ ٕٞٗ‫ٝحُوخ‬ ‫حُلن‬ ‫ىُٝش‬ ‫ر٘خء‬ ‫طَٓ٤ن‬ ٕ‫٣ٞحًزخ‬ ‫ُـؼِٜٔخ‬
ٍ‫رخٓظل٠خ‬ ‫حُٔٔخٍٓش‬ ٖٓ ‫حأله٤َس‬ ‫ٓ٘ش‬ ٖ٤‫حألٍرؼ‬ ‫طـَرش‬ ‫أكَُطٜخ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُِٔز٤خص‬ ًَ ٢‫طالك‬
‫ح‬ ْ٤ُ‫طؼخ‬٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔٔظوَس‬ ْٓ‫حأل‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُللخظ‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ٢‫حُٔـَر‬ ‫حُٔـظٔغ‬ ْ٤‫ٝه‬ ‫حُل٘٤ق‬ ٢ٓ‫حإلٓال‬ ٖ٣‫ُي‬

6. -7-
ٕ‫حإلٗٔخ‬ ‫كوٞم‬ ٍ‫ٓـخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٢٘١ُٞ‫ح‬ ‫حُظَ٘٣غ‬ ‫كووٜخ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حٌُٔظٔزخص‬ ْ‫ٝىػ‬ ٢‫حُو٠خث‬ ‫حُظَحع‬
‫ك٤ٔخ‬ ‫ٓٞحء‬ ‫حُظٔؼ٤٘خص‬ ٍ‫هال‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬ ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫أىهِض‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُظؼي٣الص‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬
٣َ‫حُ٘ظ‬ ‫حُلَحٓش‬ ‫رٔيس‬ ‫٣ظؼِن‬ٖ٤ِ‫حُٔؼظو‬ ‫ػخثالص‬ ٍ‫اٗؼخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٖ٤ٜٔ‫ُِٔظ‬ ‫حُيكخع‬ ‫كن‬ َ٤‫طٞك‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ش‬
ْٜ٘ٓ ‫رطِذ‬ ْٜ‫ُٔؼخ٣٘ظ‬ ‫١ز٤ذ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫٣ؼَٟٞح‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ْٜ‫كو‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ،‫حُ٘ظَ٣ش‬ ‫حُلَحٓش‬ ‫طلض‬ ْٜ‫رٟٞؼ‬
٢ٌُٗٞ‫ح‬ ّٜٞ‫حُٔل‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ٠ٗ‫٣ظٔخ‬ ٞ‫ٗل‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حٌُٔظٔزخص‬ ٌٙٛ ْ‫ٝىػ‬ ‫ًُي‬ ٍَ‫٣ز‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬ ٖ٣‫ػخ‬ ‫اًح‬ ٝ‫أ‬
.ٖٛ‫حَُح‬ ‫حُٞهض‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٕ‫حإلٗٔخ‬ ‫ُلوٞم‬
‫حُؼخىُش‬ ‫ُِٔلخًٔش‬ ‫حُيُٝ٤ش‬ َ٤٣‫حُٔؼخ‬ ٢٘‫طز‬ ١ٍَٝ٠ُ‫ح‬ ٖٓ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫كوي‬ ‫ًُي‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫ٝرخإلٟخكش‬
.ً‫خ‬٤‫طَ٘٣ؼ‬‫رخإلٟخكش‬ ١ٞ‫٣لظ‬ ٢ُ‫حُلخ‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٕ‫كب‬ ‫حُٜيى‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٢‫ٝك‬‫ا‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ ١‫حُظٜٔ٤ي‬ ‫حٌُظخد‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬
;٢ٛ ‫ًظذ‬ ‫ػٔخٗ٤ش‬
-‫ٝٓؼخ٣٘ظٜخ؛‬ ْ‫حُـَحث‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ١َ‫حُظل‬ ;ٍٝ‫حأل‬ ‫حٌُظخد‬
-‫حُـَحثْ؛‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ ;٢ٗ‫حُؼخ‬ ‫حٌُظخد‬
-‫حٌُظخد‬‫رخألكيحع؛‬ ‫حُوخٛش‬ ‫حُوٞحػي‬ ;‫حُؼخُغ‬
-‫حُؼخى٣ش؛‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬ ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ ‫١َم‬ ;‫حَُحرغ‬ ‫حٌُظخد‬
-‫حُوخٛش؛‬ َ١‫حُٔٔخ‬ ;ْٓ‫حُوخ‬ ‫حٌُظخد‬
-‫حالػظزخٍ؛‬ ‫ٍٝى‬ ٢ُ‫حُؼي‬ َ‫ٝحُٔـ‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔوٍَحص‬ ٌ٤‫ط٘ل‬ ;ّ‫حُٔخى‬ ‫حٌُظخد‬
-‫حٌُِٔٔش‬ ‫هخٍؽ‬ ‫حَُٔطٌزش‬ ْ‫حُـَحث‬ ٞ‫رزؼ‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬ ٙ‫حالهظٜخ‬ ;‫حُٔخرغ‬ ‫حٌُظخد‬
‫حُِٔطخ‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ‫ٝحُؼالهخص‬‫حألؿ٘ز٤ش؛‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫ص‬
-.‫ٝهظخٓ٤ش‬ ‫ٓوظِلش‬ ّ‫أكٌخ‬ ;ٖٓ‫حُؼخ‬ ‫حٌُظخد‬
‫كوٞم‬ ٍ‫ٓـخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حألٓخٓ٤ش‬ ّ‫ٝحألكٌخ‬ ‫حُٔزخىة‬ ُ‫ربرَح‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬ ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬ ْ‫حٛظ‬ ‫ٝهي‬
‫طِي‬ ‫طلو٤ن‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٢َٓ٣ ٢ٓ‫حألٓخ‬ ٜٚ‫طٞؿ‬ ٕ‫ًٝخ‬ ،‫حُؼخىُش‬ ‫حُٔلخًٔش‬ ‫ظَٝف‬ َ٤‫ٝطٞك‬ ٕ‫حإلٗٔخ‬
،‫حُٔؼخَٛس‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُؼيحُش‬ ّ‫ٗظخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُؼٞحرض‬ ٖٓ ‫رخػظزخٍٛخ‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ‫ٝحُٔلخكظش‬ ‫حُٔخٓ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔزخىة‬
َٙ‫ك‬ ‫كوي‬ ‫ٌُُٝي‬;‫حُظخُ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔزخىة‬ ٍ‫اهَح‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬
-‫حأل١َحف؛‬ ‫كوٞم‬ ُٕ‫ُظٞح‬ ‫ٝكخكظش‬ ‫ٝك٠ٍٞ٣ش‬ ‫ٜٓ٘لش‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬ ٌٕٞ‫ط‬ ٕ‫أ‬
-‫ٝحُظلو٤ن‬ ‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ ‫رٔٔخٍٓش‬ ‫حٌُِٔلش‬ ‫حُِٔطخص‬ ٖ٤‫ر‬ َٜ‫حُل‬ ٖٔ٠‫طظ‬ ٕ‫أ‬
‫حُلٌْ؛‬ ‫ِٝٓطخص‬
-ِ‫ػ‬ ٍ‫حألكؼخ‬ ْ‫ر٘ل‬ ٖ٤‫ٝحُٔظخرؼ‬ ‫ٓٔخػِش‬ ١َٝٗ ٢‫ك‬ ٖ٣‫حُٔٞؿٞى‬ ٙ‫حألٗوخ‬ ‫ٓلخًٔش‬ ْ‫طظ‬ ٕ‫أ‬٠
‫حُوٞحػي؛‬ ْ‫ٗل‬ ّ‫أٓخ‬
-‫ٓوٍَس‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬ ٚ‫اىحٗظ‬ ‫ىحٓض‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ٚ‫رَحءط‬ َٝ‫طلظ‬ ‫ٓظخرغ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ٤‫ك‬ ٚ‫ٓ٘ظز‬ ٚ‫ٗو‬ ًَ ٕ‫أ‬
‫حُوخٕٗٞ؛‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٝٓؼخهذ‬ َّ‫ٓل‬ ‫حُٔلظَٟش‬ ٚ‫رزَحءط‬ ّ‫ٓٔخ‬ ًَٝ .٢‫ٜٗخث‬ ٌْ‫ك‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬
-‫حُٔظْٜ؛‬ ‫ُلخثيس‬ ً‫خ‬ٔ‫ىحث‬ ‫حُ٘ي‬ َٔ‫٣ل‬ ٕ‫أ‬
-‫ح‬ ‫حإلػزخص‬ ‫أىُش‬ ‫رـٔ٤غ‬ ِْ‫حُؼ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫رخُلن‬ ٚ‫ٗو‬ ًَ ‫٣ظٔظغ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ٕ‫ٝأ‬ ‫ٝٓ٘خه٘ظٜخ‬ ٙ‫ٟي‬ ‫ُوخثٔش‬
‫ٓلخّ؛‬ ‫ٓئحٍُس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُلن‬ ُٚ ٌٕٞ٣

7. -8-
-َ‫َٓحك‬ ٍ‫هال‬ ‫حُ٠لخ٣خ‬ ‫كوٞم‬ ٕ‫ٟٔخ‬ ٠ِ‫ٝػ‬ ٍ‫حإلهزخ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حُِٔطش‬ َٜٔ‫ط‬ ٕ‫أ‬
‫حُـ٘خث٤ش؛‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬
-‫ٓؼوٍٞ؛‬ َ‫أؿ‬ َ‫ىحه‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُٔ٘ٔٞرش‬ ْٜ‫حُظ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُزض‬ ‫٣وغ‬ ٕ‫أ‬
-ُٔ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ْٜ‫حُظ‬ ٚ‫كل‬ ‫اػخىس‬ ‫٣طِذ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُلن‬ ُٚ ٕ‫ٓيح‬ ٚ‫ٗو‬ ًَٖٓ ٕ‫ٝحُٔيح‬ ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ ‫ٞرش‬
.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔليىس‬ ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ َ‫ٝٓخث‬ َ‫ػز‬ َٟ‫أه‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬ ّ‫أٓخ‬ ‫أؿِٜخ‬
;٢ِ٣ ‫ك٤ٔخ‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ط٠ٜٔ٘خ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُٔزخىة‬ ْٛ‫أ‬ ٍ‫حهظٜخ‬ ٌٖٔ٣ٝ
•8‫انجزاءح‬ ‫لزُٚخ‬
ٕ‫أ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ َٛ‫حأل‬ ٢ٛ ‫حُزَحءس‬ ٍ‫حػظزخ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬ ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬ ٖٓ ٠ُٝ‫حأل‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ‫ٜٗض‬
ٌْ‫رل‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫اىحٗش‬ ‫طؼزض‬‫ك٤ٜخ‬ َ‫طظٞك‬ ‫ػخىُش‬ ‫ٓلخًٔش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬ ٚ‫ر‬ ٢٠‫حُٔو‬ ‫حُ٘٢ء‬ ‫ُوٞس‬ ‫ٌٓظٔذ‬
‫طظؼٜي‬ ‫حُٔـَر٤ش‬ ‫حٌُِٔٔش‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٖٓ ٍٞ‫حُيٓظ‬ ٚ٘ٔ٠‫ط‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ٌَّ٣ ‫حُٔزيأ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ .‫حُوخٗٞٗ٤ش‬ ‫حُ٠ٔخٗخص‬ ًَ
«‫رلوٞم‬ ‫ط٘زظٜخ‬ ‫ٝطئًي‬ ‫ٝٝحؿزخص‬ ‫ٝكوٞم‬ ‫ٓزخىة‬ ٖٓ )‫(حُيُٝ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔٞحػ٤ن‬ ٚ٤٠‫طوظ‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ّ‫رخُظِح‬
ٝ‫ى‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ‫ٓظؼخٍف‬ ٢ٛ ‫ًٔخ‬ ٕ‫حإلٗٔخ‬ً‫خ‬٤ُ
2
.»
ٕ‫أ‬ ًٌَُ‫رخ‬ َ٣‫ٝحُـي‬ٕ‫حإلٗٔخ‬ ‫ُلوٞم‬ ٢ُٔ‫حُؼخ‬ ٕ‫حإلػال‬ْٓ‫ُأل‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُـٔؼ٤ش‬ ٚ‫أهَط‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬
‫رظخٍ٣ن‬ ‫حُٔظليس‬21َ‫ىؿ٘ز‬2:59‫ًٔخ‬ ‫ػَ٘س‬ ‫حُلخى٣ش‬ ٚ‫ٓخىط‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔزيأ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٚٗ ‫هي‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬
;٢ِ٣«٣ ‫رـَ٣ٔش‬ ْٜ‫ٓظ‬ ٚ‫ٗو‬ ًَٖٓ‫طئ‬ ‫ػِ٘٤ش‬ ‫رٔلخًٔش‬ ً‫خ‬ٗٞٗ‫هخ‬ ٚ‫اىحٗظ‬ ‫طؼزض‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ً‫خ‬‫رَ٣ج‬ َ‫ؼظز‬
ٚ٘‫ػ‬ ‫ُِيكخع‬ ‫حُ٠ٍَٝ٣ش‬ ‫حُ٠ٔخٗخص‬ ‫ك٤ٜخ‬ ُٚ»‫حُٔخىس‬ ٚ‫ٝأًيط‬ ،25ٖٓٙ‫حُوخ‬ ٢ُٝ‫حُي‬ ‫حُؼٜي‬
‫ٝحُٔ٤خٓ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬ ‫رخُلوٞم‬.
ُ٘‫ح‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫ٝرخإلٟخكش‬‫أكخ١ٜخ‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬ ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬ ٕ‫كب‬ ،‫حُزَحءس‬ ‫هَ٣٘ش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫َٛحكش‬ ٚ
;‫ر٤ٜ٘خ‬ ٖٓ ‫ٝطوٞ٣ظٜخ‬ ‫ُظؼِ٣ِٛخ‬ ‫ػِٔ٤ش‬ َ٤‫طيحر‬ ‫رؼيس‬
-‫حٓظؼ٘خث٤٤ٖ؛‬ ٖ٣َ٤‫طير‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫ٝحَُٔحهزش‬ ٢١‫حالكظ٤خ‬ ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬ ٍ‫حػظزخ‬
-‫َٓحهزش‬ ‫ربؿَحءحص‬ ‫ٝاكخ١ظٜٔخ‬ ،٢١‫حالكظ٤خ‬ ٍ‫ٝحالػظوخ‬ ‫حُ٘ظَ٣ش‬ ‫حُلَحٓش‬ ‫ظَٝف‬ ٖ٤ٔ‫طل‬
‫ٛخٍٓش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش؛‬ ‫حُِٔطش‬ ‫١َف‬ ٖٓ
-‫رخُظٜٔش؛‬ ٍٙ‫ربٗؼخ‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ‫كن‬ ‫طَٓ٤ن‬
-٢‫ك‬ ٢ٓ‫حُٔلخ‬ ‫ٝكن‬ ،‫حُ٘ظَ٣ش‬ ‫حُلَحٓش‬ ‫طٔي٣ي‬ ‫كظَس‬ ٍ‫هال‬ ٢ٓ‫رٔلخ‬ ٍ‫حالطٜخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ‫كو‬
‫حُلظَس؛‬ ‫طِي‬ ٍ‫هال‬ ‫ًظخر٤ش‬ ‫ٓالكظخص‬ ْ٣‫طوي‬
-‫حُ٘ظَ٣ش؛‬ ‫حُلَحٓش‬ ‫طلض‬ ٚ‫رٟٞؼ‬ ٚ‫ػخثِظ‬ َ‫ط٘ؼ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ‫كو‬
-٢‫حُـِث‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٢ٌُِ‫ح‬ َُ٘٘‫ح‬ ‫آٌخٗ٤ش‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٍٙ‫٣ٜي‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫حُٔظخرؼش‬ ّ‫ػي‬ ٍ‫ُوَح‬
‫حُؼخٓش؛‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ٚ٤٘‫٣ؼ‬ ٖٓ ‫١ِذ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬ ‫رخُٜلق‬
2-‫ط٠طِغ‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ٍٝ‫حُي‬ ‫طوٞ٣ش‬ ‫ُ٠ٍَٝس‬ ‫ٜٓ٘خ‬ ‫"ٝاىٍحًخ‬ ;‫حُؼخُؼش‬ ٚ‫كوَط‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُـي٣ي‬ ٍٞ‫حُيٓظ‬ َ٣‫طٜي‬ ًَٚٓ ‫حُٔزيأ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬
ٕ‫كب‬ ،٢ُٝ‫حُي‬ ‫حُٜؼ٤ي‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٚ‫ر‬‫ح‬ ‫حُٔ٘ظٔخص‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٢٤ُ٘٘‫ح‬ َٓ‫حُؼخ‬ ٞ٠‫حُؼ‬ ،‫حُٔـَر٤ش‬ ‫حٌُِٔٔش‬ّ‫رخُظِح‬ ‫طظؼٜي‬ ،‫ُيُٝ٤ش‬‫ٓخ‬
‫ٓزخىة‬ ٖٓ ‫ٓٞحػ٤وٜخ‬ ٚ٤٠‫طوظ‬ٝ‫كوٞم‬ٝ،‫ٝحؿزخص‬ٝ."‫ػخُٔ٤خ‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ‫ٓظؼخٍف‬ ٢ٛ ‫ًٔخ‬ ٕ‫حإلٗٔخ‬ ‫رلوٞم‬ ‫ط٘زؼٜخ‬ ‫طئًي‬

8. -9-
-‫أ٣ش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚٔٓ‫ح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫ٍٛٞط‬ َ٘ٗ ٝ‫أ‬ ً‫ح‬‫ه٤ٞى‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ً‫ح‬‫أٛلخى‬ َٔ‫٣ل‬ ٝ‫أ‬ َ‫ٓؼظو‬ ٚ‫ٗو‬ َ٣ٜٞ‫ط‬ ‫ٓ٘غ‬
‫طلو٤ن‬ َ٘٘‫ر‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ‫ٝٓ٤ِش‬ ‫رؤ٣ش‬ ّ‫حُو٤خ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ًُي‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٝحُٔؼخهزش‬ ٚ٘ٓ ‫ٓٞحكوش‬ ٕٝ‫ى‬ ٚ‫ر‬ ‫طؼَف‬ ‫اٗخٍس‬ٝ‫أ‬
ٝ‫أ‬ ً‫خ‬ٜٔ‫ٓظ‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫ٓٞحء‬ ‫ه٠خث٤ش‬ ‫ٓٔطَس‬ ٚ‫كو‬ ٢‫ك‬ ١َ‫طـ‬ ٚ‫ر٘و‬ ‫٣ظؼِن‬ ١‫َُِأ‬ ‫حٓظطالع‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫طؼِ٤ن‬
.ٚ‫ٓٞحكوظ‬ ٕٝ‫ى‬ ‫ٟل٤ش‬
•‫اإلصجبد‬ ‫ٔطبئم‬ ‫ٔرمٛٛى‬ ‫يزالجخ‬ ٙ‫ف‬ ‫نهمضبء‬ ‫فؼبل‬ ‫دٔر‬8
َ٣‫ٝطوي‬ ‫حإلػزخص‬ َ‫ٝٓخث‬ ‫َٓحهزش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬ ٍٝ‫ى‬ ُ‫ارَح‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُـي٣ي‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ َٙ‫ك‬
٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬ ‫أٛزق‬ ‫حُٜيى‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٢‫ٝك‬ ،‫ه٤ٔظٜخ‬ٌْ‫حُل‬ ‫ك٤ؼ٤خص‬ ٖٟٔ ٚ‫حهظ٘خػ‬ ٍَ‫٣ز‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ٖ٤ٔ٠‫رظ‬ ً‫خ‬ِِٓٓ
.‫ٝحٟق‬ ٌَ٘‫ر‬ ْ‫حُـَحث‬ ‫ربػزخص‬ ‫حُٔظؼِوش‬ ‫حُٔوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫ٛ٤خؿش‬ ‫ٝأػ٤يص‬ .ٍٙ‫٣ٜي‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ‫ٜٗض‬ ‫ًٔخ‬3:4‫رخُؼ٘ق‬ ‫٣٘ظِع‬ ‫حػظَحف‬ ٌَ‫ر‬ ‫حالػظيحى‬ ّ‫ػي‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫َٛحكش‬ٝ‫أ‬
ٖٓ ‫حُوخٓٔش‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٜٗض‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ًَّ ‫ٓزيأ‬ ٞٛٝ .ٙ‫حإلًَح‬ٕ‫حإلٗٔخ‬ ‫ُلوٞم‬ ٢ُٔ‫حُؼخ‬ ٕ‫حإلػال‬
«‫حُلخ١ش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٞك٘٤ش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُوخٓ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔؼخٓالص‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُِؼوٞرخص‬ ‫ٝال‬ ‫ُِظؼٌ٣ذ‬ ٕ‫اٗٔخ‬ ١‫أ‬ َٝ‫٣ؼ‬ ‫ال‬
‫رخٌَُحٓش‬»ٖٓ ‫حُٔخرؼش‬ ‫ٝحُٔخىس‬ ،‫ٝحُٔ٤خٓ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬ ‫رخُلوٞم‬ ٙ‫حُوخ‬ ٢ُٝ‫حُي‬ ‫حُؼٜي‬‫ٝرخإلٟخكش‬ .
.‫ُِو٠خس‬ ‫حُظوي٣َ٣ش‬ ‫ُِِٔطش‬ ٚٔ‫ٗل‬ ‫حالػظَحف‬ ‫ه٠ٞع‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٚٗ ‫هي‬ ‫حُـي٣ي‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٕ‫كب‬ ‫ًُي‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬
•8‫انؼبدنخ‬ ‫انًحبكًخ‬ ‫ضًبَبد‬ ‫ٔرمٕٚخ‬ ‫رؼشٚش‬
ٟ‫ٗخى‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫حُٔزيأ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ْ٣ٌَ‫ط‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬ ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬ َٙ‫ك‬ٚ‫ر‬٢ُٔ‫حُؼخ‬ ٕ‫حإلػال‬
ٕ‫حإلٗٔخ‬ ‫ُلوٞم‬‫(حُٔخىس‬21‫حُٔخىس‬ ٚ‫هٜٞٛ٤خط‬ ‫ٝر٤٘ض‬ ، )25ٖٓٙ‫حُوخ‬ ٢ُٝ‫حُي‬ ‫حُؼٜي‬
‫ٝحُٔ٤خٓ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬ ‫رخُلوٞم‬.‫ٟٔخٗخص‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫َٛحكش‬ ُٚ٘‫رخ‬ ِٙ٣ِ‫ٝطؼ‬ ‫حُٔزيأ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ْ٤‫طيػ‬ ْ‫ط‬ ‫ٝهي‬
‫ر٤ٜ٘خ‬ ٖٓ َٟ‫أه‬;
-ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُٔٔظٔغ‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬ ْ‫رٔظَؿ‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ٢‫ٟخر‬ ‫حٓظؼخٗش‬ ‫ٍَٟٝس‬
ٖٔ‫٣ل‬ ٚ‫ر٘و‬ ٚ‫حٓظؼخٗظ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ،‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ٢‫ٟخر‬ ‫٣لٜٔ٘خ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ُٜـش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُـش‬ ‫٣ظليع‬
‫أ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫أٛٔخ‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬ َٓ‫رخأل‬ ٢٘‫حُٔؼ‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ‫حُظوخ١ذ‬‫(حُٔخىس‬ َ٠‫حُٔل‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ْ‫حُٔظَؿ‬ ‫ٝآ٠خء‬ ،‫رٌٔخ‬
32‫)؛‬
-‫(حُٔخىس‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ّ‫أٓخ‬ ‫ًٌُي‬ ‫حُ٠ٔخٗش‬ ٌٙٛ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُظؤً٤ي‬58‫ُظَٓ٤وٜخ‬ ‫رخإلٟخكش‬ )
‫حُلٌْ؛‬ ‫ٝه٠خء‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ‫ه٠خء‬ ّ‫أٓخ‬
-،ْ‫طِز‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ْٜ‫ُِٔظ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٚ‫ر‬ ّٞ‫طو‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫حالٓظ٘طخم‬ ‫أػ٘خء‬ ٢ٓ‫حُٔلخ‬ ٍٝ‫ى‬ ‫طوٞ٣ش‬
ٚ‫كو‬ ٖٓ ‫أٛزق‬ ً‫ا‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫رٞػخثن‬ ٚ٘‫ػ‬ ‫ٗ٤خرش‬ ٢ُ‫٣ي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ًِٚٞٓ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٢‫١ز‬ ٚ‫كل‬ ‫اؿَحء‬ ْٔ‫٣ِظ‬ ٕ‫أ‬
ٕ‫(حُٔخىطخ‬ ٚ‫َٓحك‬ ‫ا١الم‬ َ‫ٓوخر‬ ‫ًلخُش‬ ْ٣‫طوي‬ َٝ‫٣ؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ًظخر٤ش‬ ‫اػزخطخص‬84ٝ85‫)؛‬
-‫ٝحُلؼخُ٤ش‬ ‫حَُٔػش‬ ‫ُظلو٤ن‬ ‫حُو٠خ٣خ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ُِٝزض‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حإلؿَحءحص‬ ُ‫إلٗـخ‬ ٍ‫آؿخ‬ ‫طلي٣ي‬
‫ه٠خ٣خ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ٓ٤ٔخ‬ ‫ٝال‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُؼيحُش‬ ‫أىحء‬ ٢‫ك‬‫(حُٔٞحى‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٜٗض‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ‫ًُي‬ ٖٓٝ ،ٖ٤ِ‫حُٔؼظو‬291،
2:7،326،345،492،639ٝ651‫...)؛‬
-‫ٝط٤َس‬ ‫طَٔ٣غ‬ ‫ربٌٓخٜٗخ‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫ٝحُٔوٍَحص‬ ‫حالٓظيػخءحص‬ ‫ُظزِ٤ؾ‬ َٟ‫أه‬ ‫١َم‬ ‫كظق‬
٢‫ك‬ ‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ ‫ٝحٌُ٤ل٤خص‬ َ‫حُٞٓخث‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُِـٞء‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُطَم‬ ٌٙٛ َ‫ٝطظٔؼ‬ .‫حُو٠خ٣خ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُزض‬
ٍٜٞ‫حُل‬48،49ٝ ،4:ٕٓ‫حألػٞح‬ ‫رٞحٓطش‬ ‫ُِظزِ٤ؾ‬ ‫رخإلٟخكش‬ ،‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬ ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬ ٖ
.‫حإلىحٍ٣ش‬ ‫رخُطَ٣وش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ًْ‫حُٔلخ‬ ٕ‫ٝأػٞح‬ ٖ٤٤‫حُو٠خث‬

9. -:-
-‫حَُ٘٣ؼش‬ ‫ٓزخىة‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُللخظ‬ٝ ‫حإلٓالٓ٤ش‬‫ٓؼخِٓش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٢‫حُٔـَر‬ ‫حُٔـظٔغ‬ ‫ٝطوخُ٤ي‬ ْ٤‫ه‬
ٞ‫ر‬ ‫اال‬ ‫حَُٔأس‬ ٖ٤‫طلظ‬ ّ‫ٝػي‬ ‫حُ٘ٔخء‬ ‫كَٓش‬ ّ‫حكظَح‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٜٙٞ‫حُو‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٢‫ك‬ ُٚ٘‫ٝح‬ .‫حَُٔأس‬‫حٓطش‬
ٕ‫(حُٔخىطخ‬ ‫ؿٜ٘ٔخ‬71ٝ92.)
-ٖٓ ‫حُٔـ٘٤ش‬ ‫حُٔئٓٔخص‬ ‫ُ٣خٍس‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ُٚ٘‫رخ‬ ،‫ٝحُٔـ٘خء‬ ٖ٤ِ‫حُٔؼظو‬ ‫كوٞم‬ ‫َٓحهزش‬ ِ٣ِ‫طؼ‬
ْ٤‫ٍٝث‬ ‫حُؼوٞرخص‬ ‫ططز٤ن‬ ‫ٝه٠خس‬ ‫حألكيحع‬ ‫ٝه٠خس‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ‫ٝه٠خس‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ‫ه٠خس‬ َ‫هز‬
‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬ ‫حُـَكش‬١ٌُ‫ح‬ ٍٝ‫حُي‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ػالٝس‬ .‫ٝٓ٘ظظٔش‬ ‫ىٍٝ٣ش‬ ‫رٌ٤ل٤ش‬ ‫ًُٝي‬ ،‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬ ٟ‫ُي‬
‫طًَ٤زظٜخ‬ ‫حُـي٣ي‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ْ‫ىػ‬ ٢‫ٝحُظ‬ ،َٓ‫حُؼخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٢ُ‫حُٞح‬ ‫٣ظَأٜٓخ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حإلهِ٤ٔ٤ش‬ ‫حُِـ٘ش‬ ٚ‫ر‬ ّٞ‫طو‬
‫حُوطخػخص‬ ‫ىحثَس‬ ‫ٝطٞٓ٤غ‬ )‫حُٜٔظٔش‬ ‫(حُـٔؼ٤خص‬ ٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ ‫حُٔـظٔغ‬ ‫كؼخُ٤خص‬ ‫ربَٗحى‬ ‫حُزَ٘٣ش‬
‫حُٔ٘خًٍش‬ ‫حُلٌٞٓ٤ش‬‫رَػخ٣ش‬ ‫حٌُِٔلش‬ ‫حُٔئٓٔخص‬ ‫َٓحهزش‬ َٔ٘‫ُظ‬ ‫ٛالك٤خطٜخ‬ ‫ٝطٔي٣ي‬ ،‫ك٤ٜخ‬
‫(حُٔٞحى‬ ٖ٤‫حُـخٗل‬ ‫حألكيحع‬35:،727،731ٝ732.)
-‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ً‫خ‬٘٤‫ٓظؼ‬ ‫أٛزق‬ ‫ك٤غ‬ ،‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ٍ‫ألػٔخ‬ ‫حُو٠خء‬ ‫َٓحهزش‬ ‫طوٞ٣ش‬
ٓ ‫ُِظلون‬ ،َ‫حأله‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫أٓزٞع‬ ًَ ‫َٓس‬ ‫حُ٘ظَ٣ش‬ ‫حُلَحٓش‬ ‫طلض‬ ‫حُٟٞغ‬ ًٖ‫أٓخ‬ ‫ٓؼخ٣٘ش‬‫َٗػ٤ش‬ ٖ
‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ١‫ٟزخ‬ ‫أىحء‬ ْ٤٤‫رظو‬ ‫ِِٓٓش‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ‫أٛزلض‬ ‫ًٔخ‬ .ٚ‫ٝظَٝك‬ ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬
ْٜ‫ٓئٛالط‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٓ٘ظٔش‬ ‫رٌ٤ل٤ش‬ ‫حُظؼَف‬ ٖٓ ٖ٤٣ٍ‫حإلىح‬ ْٛ‫ٍإٓخء‬ ٌٖٔ٤ٓ ‫ٓخ‬ ٞٛٝ .ْٜ‫ٝط٘و٤ط‬
‫ٓغ‬ ،‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ٍ‫ٓـخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ْٜ‫ٝٓـٜٞىحط‬ ْٜ‫ٝهيٍحط‬‫حُـَكش‬ ‫ٛالك٤خص‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُٔلخكظش‬
‫ٓل‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ ‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬.‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ١‫ُ٠زخ‬ ‫رخُ٘ٔزش‬ ‫طؤى٣ز٤ش‬ ‫ًِٔطش‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ‫ٌٔش‬
-ٖ٤ٓ‫حُؼخ‬ ‫ًُِٞالء‬ ‫ٝطزِ٤ـٜخ‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔ٤خٓش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٍ‫حُؼي‬ َ٣ُٝ ‫اَٗحف‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ُٚ٘‫ح‬
‫(حُٔخىس‬ ‫ططز٤وٜخ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ َُِٜٔ ‫ُِِٔي‬62.)
-‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫ُِ٘٤خرش‬ ٍ‫حُؼي‬ َ٣ُٝ ‫٣ؼط٤ٜخ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُظؼِ٤ٔخص‬ ٌٕٞ‫ط‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫ٝؿٞد‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ُٚ٘‫ح‬-ٌْ‫رل‬
ٜ‫طزؼ٤ظ‬ُٚ ‫خ‬-‫(حُٔخىس‬ ‫ٌٓظٞرش‬62.)
-٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔظطِزش‬ ‫حٌُِ٘٤خص‬ ‫ٝطلي٣ي‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ١‫ٟزخ‬ ِٙ‫٣٘ـ‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ َ٠‫حُٔل‬ ‫طؼَ٣ق‬
.‫حإلؿَحءحص‬ ‫ٝٓالٓش‬ ٢‫ٝحُ٠ز‬ ‫ُِيهش‬ ً‫خ‬٤‫طٞه‬ ُٙ‫اٗـخ‬
-َ‫ىحه‬ ٚ‫ٌٗخ٣ظ‬ ٕ‫ر٘ؤ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٌٙ‫طظو‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫حُللع‬ ٍ‫روَح‬ ٢ٌ‫حُٔ٘ظ‬ ٍ‫اٗؼخ‬ ‫ٝؿٞد‬26
‫ِٓٞى‬ ٌٚ٘ٔ٤ُ ًٙ‫حطوخ‬ ٖٓ ً‫خ‬ٓٞ٣.ٚ‫كوٞه‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ُِللخظ‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ُٚ ‫٣وُٜٞخ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حإلؿَحءحص‬
-ْ٤ِٔ‫ط‬ ‫ٓٔطَس‬ ‫ٝاىٍحؽ‬ ،‫حألؿ٘ز٤ش‬ ٍٝ‫حُي‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ٢‫حُو٠خث‬ ٕٝ‫حُظؼخ‬ ‫ٓٔطَس‬ ‫طٟٞ٤ق‬
.٢ُٝ‫حُي‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ُٔوظ٠٤خص‬ ْ‫ٓالث‬ ٌَ٘‫ر‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬ ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬ ٖٟٔ ٖ٤َٓ‫حُٔـ‬
-ٚ٘ٔ٠‫ط‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ‫ٓ٘ٔـٔش‬ ‫رٌ٤ل٤ش‬ ٢ٗ‫حُزي‬ ٙ‫حإلًَح‬ ‫ٓٔطَس‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٍٝ‫ط٘خ‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬
:8.26‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ٕٞ٣‫حُي‬ َ٤ٜ‫طل‬ ‫ٓيٝٗش‬ ‫رٔؼخرش‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫حَُ٘٣ق‬ َ٤ٜ‫حُظ‬ ٌ٤‫رظ٘ل‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬
2.11.286٢‫ك‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬39َّ‫ٓل‬ ٖٓ2532(4١‫ٓخ‬3111)
3
ٙ‫حإلًَح‬ ‫ٓيس‬ ‫ك٤غ‬ ٖٓ ‫ٓٞحء‬ ،
٤‫ك‬ ٖٓ ٝ‫أ‬ ٢ٗ‫حُزي‬‫(حُٔٞحى‬ ‫حإلػلخء‬ ‫أٓزخد‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬ ‫غ‬746‫ٝٓخ‬٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫٣ِ٤ٜخ‬758َ‫ٝحػظز‬ )
‫ٓغ‬ ،ٙ‫حإلًَح‬ ‫١ِزخص‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٓٔزوش‬ ‫ه٠خث٤ش‬ ‫َٓحهزش‬ َ‫ٝأه‬ ،ٙ‫حإلًَح‬ ‫ططز٤ن‬ ّ‫ُؼي‬ ‫ٓززخ‬ ٍ‫حإلػٔخ‬
‫ٍٝكغ‬ ،ٚ‫ططز٤و‬ َٝ‫طؼظ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُٜؼٞرخص‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫اؿَحءحط‬ ‫ٛلش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ ‫كن‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حإلروخء‬
3-‫ػيى‬ ‫حَُٓٔ٤ش‬ ‫حُـَ٣يس‬5911‫رظخٍ٣ن‬39َ‫ٛل‬2532ٞ٤ٗٞ٣ ‫(كخطق‬3111ٙ ،)2367.

10. -21-
ٓ ٢ٗ‫حُزي‬ ٙ‫حإلًَح‬ ‫ُظطز٤ن‬ ٠ٗ‫حألى‬ ُٖٔ‫ح‬ٖ27٠ُ‫ا‬29٠ُ‫ا‬ ٠ٜ‫حأله‬ ُٖٔ‫ح‬ ٞ‫ٝهل‬ ‫ٓ٘ش‬71‫ٓ٘ش‬
ٍ‫ري‬76.‫ٓ٘ش‬
-‫اىٓخؽ‬ ‫اػخىس‬ َ‫٣ٌل‬ ٞ‫ٗل‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫رظول٤٠ٜخ‬ ٍ‫حالػظزخ‬ ‫ٍى‬ ٍ‫آؿخ‬ ٞ‫رؼ‬ ‫َٓحؿؼش‬ ‫طٔض‬
‫(حُٔٞحى‬ ‫حُٔـظٔغ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ٘ٓ ٖ٣‫حُٔٔظل٤ي‬ ٙ‫حألٗوخ‬799ٝ79:ٝ7:3.)
ٜ٘ٓ ‫حُٜيف‬ ‫ٛخٓش‬ ‫رٔٔظـيحص‬ ٠‫أط‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٕ‫كب‬ ‫حألٓخٓ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔزخىة‬ ٌٙٛ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫ٝرخإلٟخكش‬‫خ‬
‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔلخًٔش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٕ‫حإلٗٔخ‬ ‫كوٞم‬ ‫ٓزخىة‬ ْ٤‫ٝطيػ‬ ‫حُؼخىُش‬ ‫ُِٔلخًٔش‬ ٠ِ‫ٓؼ‬ ‫ظَٝف‬ َ٤‫طٞك‬
‫حُؼيحُش‬ ّ‫ٗظخ‬ ‫ٝاػطخء‬ ،‫ؿٜش‬ ٖٓ ً‫ح‬‫ٜٗٞى‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٟلخ٣خ‬ ّ‫أ‬ ‫ًخٗٞح‬ ٖ٤ٜٔ‫ٓظ‬ ‫حألكَحى‬ ‫كوٞم‬ ‫ٝكٔخ٣ش‬
ٍٕ‫حُٔوخ‬ ٕٞٗ‫ٝحُوخ‬ ٕ‫حإلٗٔخ‬ ‫كوٞم‬ ‫ُٔزخىة‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٝكو‬ ‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ ‫ٌُٔخكلش‬ ‫حُ٠ٍَٝ٣ش‬ َ‫حُٞٓخث‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬
‫أه‬ ‫ؿٜش‬ ٖٓ‫حُٔخى٣ش‬ ‫ٝحإلٌٓخٗ٤خص‬ ٢‫حُٔـَر‬ ‫حُٔـظٔغ‬ ‫هٜٞٛ٤خص‬ ٍ‫حالػظزخ‬ ٖ٤‫رؼ‬ ً‫ح‬ٌ‫آه‬ َٟ
.‫رزالىٗخ‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُؼيحُش‬ ّ‫ُ٘ظخ‬ ‫حُٔظٞكَس‬ ‫ٝحُزَ٘٣ش‬
;‫حُٔٔظـيحص‬ ْٛ‫أ‬ ٖٓٝ
‫انضحبٚب‬ ‫ٔحًبٚخ‬ ‫انجزًٚخ‬ ‫نًكبفحخ‬ ‫جذٚذح‬ ‫آنٛبد‬ 8ً‫ال‬ٔ‫أ‬
‫حُٟٞؼ٤خص‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٝحُللخظ‬ ‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ ٍ‫آػخ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ١ٍٞ‫حُل‬ ‫حُو٠خء‬ ٞ‫ٗل‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٚ‫حطـ‬٢‫حُظ‬
ٍ‫٣طخ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫حُٜيع‬ ‫ٍأد‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٢َٓ‫ط‬ ‫ؿي٣يس‬ ‫آُ٤ش‬ ‫أٝؿي‬ ‫ًٔخ‬ ،‫حٍطٌخرٜخ‬ َ‫هز‬ ‫هخثٔش‬ ‫ًخٗض‬
‫ػِٔخ‬ ،ّٜٞ‫حُو‬ ٖ٤‫ر‬ ‫حُِٜق‬ ‫طلو٤ن‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٓٔظٜيك‬ ،‫حالؿظٔخػ٤ش‬ ‫حُؼالهخص‬ٕ‫أ‬ْٓ‫حأل‬ َٔ‫ٓئط‬‫حُٔظليس‬
ٖ٤َٓ‫حُٔـ‬ ‫ٝٓؼخِٓش‬ ‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ ‫ُٔ٘غ‬ َٗ‫حُؼخ‬ٍ‫هال‬ ‫ك٤٤٘خ‬ ٕ‫اػال‬ ٢‫ك‬ َٙ‫ٝأه‬ ٚ‫حُظٞؿ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٠٘‫طز‬ ‫هي‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬
َ٣َ‫أر‬ َٜٗ3111‫حٓظليحع‬ ٍَ‫ه‬ ‫ك٤غ‬ ،»‫ٟلخ٣خ‬ ْ‫ُيػ‬ ‫ٝىُٝ٤ش‬ ‫ٝاهِ٤ٔ٤ش‬ ‫ٝ١٘٤ش‬ َٔ‫ػ‬ ٢‫هط‬
‫حُظٜخُل٤ش‬ ‫ٝحُؼيحُش‬ ‫ُِٞٓخ١ش‬ ‫آُ٤خص‬ َٔ٘‫ط‬ ‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬«ّ‫ػخ‬ ٌٕٞ٣ ٕ‫أ‬ ٍَ‫ٝه‬3113‫حُٔٞػي‬ ٞٛ
‫حُٔٔظٜيف‬.ٕ‫حُ٘ؤ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ٓٔخٍٓخطٜخ‬ ٍٝ‫حُي‬ ‫طَحؿغ‬ ٢ٌُ
28ّٛ‫ػه‬ ‫كبَذ‬ ‫يب‬ ٗ‫إن‬ ‫انحٛبسح‬ ٗ‫ػه‬ ‫االػزذاء‬ ‫حبنخ‬ ٙ‫ف‬ ‫انحبنخ‬ ‫إرجبع‬ .
ْٜ٣‫ُي‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬ ٙ‫حألٗوخ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُل٤خُس‬ ‫اٍؿخع‬ ٖٓ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٌٖٔ‫ط‬ ‫ِٓطش‬ ٢ٛٝ
‫رخٓظَىحى‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ ٌ٤‫ط٘ل‬ ‫رؼي‬ ْ‫٣ظ‬ ٢َٓ‫ؿ‬ ‫حػظيحء‬ َ‫رلؼ‬ ْٜ٘ٓ ‫حٗظِػض‬ ْ‫ػ‬ ٢‫ه٠خث‬ ٌْ‫ك‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬
ٍٝ‫ٛي‬ ٍ‫حٗظظخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫هخثٔخ‬ ‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ َ‫حػ‬ ٍ‫حٓظَٔح‬ ٢‫طالك‬ ٚٗ‫ٗؤ‬ ٖٓ ٌٕٞ٤ٓ ‫اؿَحء‬ ٞٛٝ ،‫حُل٤خُس‬
ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ٤‫٣ِـ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ َٙ‫٣و‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ُٚ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫حُو٠خء‬ ‫َٓحهزش‬ ‫طلض‬ ‫حإلؿَحء‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ‫ٝ٣وغ‬ .ٚ‫اؿَحءحط‬ ٍٞ‫طط‬ ‫هي‬ ٌْ‫ك‬
ٕ‫(حُٔخىطخ‬ ُٚ‫٣ؼي‬51ٝ5:.)
08‫فٛٓب‬ ‫انحك‬ ّ‫ن‬ ًٍ‫ن‬ ‫انًحجٕسح‬ ‫األشٛبء‬ ‫رد‬ .
ٞ‫حُلو‬ ١ًٝ ٌٖٔ٣ ‫اؿَحء‬ ْٜٞٛٝ٘ٓ ‫ِٓزض‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُٔ٘وُٞش‬ ْٜ‫ٓٔظٌِخط‬ ً‫ح‬ٍٞ‫ك‬ ‫٣ظِٔٔٞح‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٖٓ ‫م‬
‫ط٠ٍَٛخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫طِلٜخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٜٓ٘خ‬ ْٜٗ‫كَٓخ‬ ‫ٝطـ٘ذ‬ ،‫حألٓخٗش‬ ‫ه٤خٗش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ًخَُٔهش‬ ٢َٓ‫ؿ‬ َ‫كؼ‬ ‫ؿَحء‬ ٖٓ
‫الُٓش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ِٗحع‬ َ‫ٓل‬ ٌٖ‫ط‬ ُْ ‫ٓخ‬ ‫ًُٝي‬ .٢‫ٜٗخث‬ ٌْ‫ك‬ ٍٝ‫ٛي‬ ٍ‫حٗظظخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ًْ‫حُٔلخ‬ ‫رٔٔظٞىػخص‬
ُٔ‫ُِٜٔخىٍس(ح‬ ‫هخرِش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫هط٤َس‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ َ٤ُٕٔ‫خىطخ‬51ٝ5:.)
18‫انخصٕو‬ ٍٛ‫ث‬ ‫انصهح‬ .
ْ‫ط‬ ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬ ْ‫حُـَحث‬ ‫ُ٠لخ٣خ‬ ً‫ح‬َ٤‫ًز‬ ً‫خ‬ٓ‫حٛظٔخ‬ ٢ُٞ٣ ‫حُلي٣غ‬ ٢ُٝ‫حُي‬ ٢‫حُـ٘خث‬ ‫حُظَ٘٣غ‬ ‫أٛزق‬
٠ُ‫ا‬ ٕ‫حال١ٔج٘خ‬ ‫أٓزخد‬ ٖٓ ٕ‫كب‬ ‫ٌُُٝي‬ .‫رخُـ٘خس‬ ّ‫حالٛظٔخ‬ ٚ٤‫ك‬ ٠ٓ‫ط٘خ‬ ‫ٝهض‬ ٢‫ك‬ ْٛ‫ٝاهٜخإ‬ ِْٜٛ‫طـخ‬
َ‫ػز‬ ْٜ‫كوٞه‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٍُٞٛٞ‫ح‬ ٖٓ ‫حُ٠لخ٣خ‬ ٌٖٔ‫ط‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُؼيحُش‬٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُِـٞء‬ ٕٝ‫ى‬ ‫كز٤ش‬ ‫طٔٞ٣ش‬

11. -22-
‫طٜخُق‬ ‫طلو٤ن‬ ‫رخُٔـظٔغ‬ ‫حُطٔؤٗ٤٘ش‬ ‫ٝحٓظظزخد‬ ٖٓ‫حأل‬ ٍ‫حٓظوَح‬ ‫أٓزخد‬ ٖٓ ٕ‫أ‬ ً‫خ‬ِٔ‫ػ‬ ،٢‫ه٠خث‬ ٌْ‫ك‬
‫ٝحُو٠خء‬ ٍَ٠ُ‫ح‬ َ‫ٝؿز‬ ‫حُٜيع‬ ‫ٍأد‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ١‫٣ئى‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ٞٛٝ .ٖ٣َٗ‫حُٔزخ‬ ‫حُوٜٞٓش‬ ٢‫١َك‬ ٖ٤‫ر‬
٤‫حُظير‬ ‫ٌٝٛح‬ .‫حُ٠لخ٣خ‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ ‫حالٗظوخٓ٤ش‬ ‫حُِ٘ػخص‬ ٖٓ ‫ٝحُلي‬ ‫ٝحالٟطَحرخص‬ ٖ‫حُلظ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬‫أكيع‬ َ
‫طـ٘ذ‬ ٖٓ ٌٖٔ٤ٓ ً‫ا‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ‫طٌِٜٔٔخ‬ ٖ٣ٌُِ‫ح‬ ‫ٝحُٔظخرؼش‬ ‫حُللع‬ ١ٍ‫هَح‬ ٖ٤‫ر‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٝٓط‬ ً‫ال‬‫ك‬
‫كوٞم‬ ٕٜٞ٣ٝ ٚ‫كوٞه‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫رخُللخظ‬ ‫ُِ٠ل٤ش‬ ً‫ال‬‫ك‬ ّ‫٣وي‬ ‫حُٞهض‬ ْ‫ٗل‬ ٢‫ٝك‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ‫ٓظخرؼش‬
.‫حُٔـظٔغ‬
٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫هط٤َس‬ َ‫طؼظز‬ ‫ال‬ ‫رٌٜٞٗخ‬ ْٔ‫طظ‬ َٜ‫حُل‬ َ٤‫ٓز‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٓليىس‬ ً‫خ‬‫ؿ٘ل‬ َ٤‫حُظير‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ْٜ٣ٝ
ّ‫حُ٘ظخ‬‫ُظلو٤ن‬ ً‫خ‬٣ٍَٟٝ ْٛ‫ٍٟخ‬ َ‫٣ؼظز‬ ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫أ١َحكٜخ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ َٛ‫حُظخ‬ ‫ٍَٟٛخ‬ َٜ‫ٝ٣وظ‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬
.‫حُٜٔخُلش‬
‫حأل١َحف‬ ٍٞ٠‫رل‬ ٚ‫ٝهٞػ‬ ٖٓ ‫٣ظؤًي‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ُٚ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫حُو٠خء‬ ‫رَٔحهزش‬ َ٤‫حُظير‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ‫ه٤ي‬ ‫ٝهي‬
‫(حُٔخىس‬ ٚ٘‫ػ‬ ‫٣٘ٞد‬ ٖٓ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حالرظيحث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ْ٤‫ٍث‬ ٍٙ‫٣ٜي‬ ٢‫ه٠خث‬ َٓ‫رؤ‬ ٍٙ‫اهَح‬ َ‫هز‬ ْٜ‫ٝىكخػ‬
52.)
2ٛ‫ط‬ ‫إٚمبف‬ .ٖٕ‫انذػ‬ ‫ز‬
ٍ‫حٓظَٔح‬ ٕ‫ٗؤ‬ ٖٓ ٌٕٞ٣ ،ًْ‫حُٔلخ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫ٝطَكغ‬ ‫حألكَحى‬ ٖ٤‫ر‬ ‫طوغ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُِ٘حػخص‬ ٞ‫رؼ‬ ٕ‫ا‬
‫حُِ٘حع‬ ٢‫١َك‬ ٖ٤‫ر‬ ‫حُوخثٔش‬ ‫حإلٗٔخٗ٤ش‬ ‫ٝحُؼالهخص‬ ٢‫حَُٝحر‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ َ٤‫حُظؤػ‬ ‫حُو٠خء‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ػَٟٜخ‬
.‫رخُـش‬ ‫أٛٔ٤ش‬ ‫ًح‬ ٢‫حإلؿظٔخػ‬ ٍَ٠ُ‫ح‬ ٌٕٞ٣ ‫ال‬ ٖ٤‫ك‬ ‫هخٛش‬
٢‫حُظ‬ ٢‫حَُٝحر‬ ٌٙٛ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُللخظ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ٍٝؿزش‬‫ٓؼٜخ‬ ‫طظلون‬ ‫ال‬ ٍ‫أَٟح‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫ك٤ٜخ‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ ١‫٣ئى‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ‫ٜٗض‬ ‫ؿي٣يس‬ ‫آُ٤ش‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ‫أكيع‬ ‫كوي‬ ،‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُِٜٔلش‬483‫رٔوظ٠خٛخ‬ ٌٖٔ٣
َٓ‫طؤ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ،ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ ٕ‫َٓ٣خ‬ ‫أػ٘خء‬ ٍَ٠‫حُٔظ‬ ‫حُطَف‬ ٍُ‫ط٘خ‬ ‫اًح‬ ،ْ‫حُـَحث‬ ٞ‫رؼ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ُِٔلٌٔش‬
‫طو‬ ْٔ‫ِٓظ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬ ‫ًُٝي‬ ‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ ‫اؿَحءحص‬ َ٤ٓ ‫رب٣وخف‬‫ٓغ‬ ،‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٚٓ‫ي‬
ْٔ‫ط‬ ‫ؿي٣يس‬ َٛ‫ػ٘خ‬ ‫١َأص‬ ‫ًِٔخ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٖٓ ‫رطِذ‬ ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ ٢‫ك‬ َ‫حُ٘ظ‬ ‫ٓٞحِٛش‬ ‫آٌخٗ٤ش‬
.َٙ٤‫ٝؿ‬ ّ‫ًخُظوخى‬ ١ٞ‫حُٔو‬ ‫أٓزخد‬ ‫رؤكي‬ ‫حٗو٠ض‬ ‫هي‬ ٌٖ‫ط‬ ُْ ‫ٓخ‬ ‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬
ٖ٣‫حُظؼخ‬ َ‫ك٠خث‬ ‫ٝاًًخء‬ ‫حالؿظٔخػ٤ش‬ ٢‫حَُٝحر‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُللخظ‬ ‫حإلٌٓخٗ٤ش‬ ٌٙٛ ٠‫ٝطظٞه‬
.‫ٝحُظٔخٓق‬
3.‫انًخبنفبد‬ ٙ‫ف‬ ‫انؼبيخ‬ ‫نهُٛبثخ‬ ٘‫انزُفٛذ‬ ‫انظُذ‬
‫ؿ٤زش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ه٠خث٤ش‬ َٓ‫أٝح‬ ٍ‫اٛيح‬ ‫كن‬ ‫ُِو٠خس‬ ٢‫طؼط‬ ‫رٜخ‬ ً‫ال‬ٞٔ‫ٓؼ‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬ ٕ‫ا‬
ٍَ٠‫ٓظ‬ ‫ك٤ٜخ‬ َٜ‫٣ظ‬ ‫ٝال‬ ‫ُِلَ٣ش‬ ‫ٓخُزش‬ ‫رؼوٞرخص‬ ‫ػٜ٘خ‬ ‫٣ؼخهذ‬ ‫ال‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُٔوخُلخص‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حأل١َحف‬
ٓ ّ‫أٓخ‬ ‫٣٠ؼ٘خ‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ٞٛٝ ،‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ‫ِٓظٔٔخص‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬ ‫ًُٝي‬‫طٔظِٜي‬ ‫ٝٓؼويس‬ ‫١ٞ٣ِش‬ ‫ٔطَس‬
‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫(حَُ٘١ش‬ ‫أ١َحف‬ ‫ػيس‬ ٖٓ ً‫خ‬‫كخثو‬ ً‫ح‬‫ٝٓـٜٞى‬ ً‫ال‬٣ٞ١ ً‫خ‬‫ٝهظ‬–‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ‫ًظخرش‬–َ٤ًٝ
‫حُِٔي‬–٢‫حُ٠ز‬ ‫ًظخرش‬–ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ ‫٣ِٔي‬ ‫رٔ٤طش‬ ‫رـَحٓش‬ َٓ‫أ‬ ٍٝ‫رٜي‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ٢ٜ‫ُ٤٘ظ‬ )٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬
.‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ َٝ‫حُظؼ‬ ‫كن‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬
‫ٌٛح‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُزض‬ ‫ٝهض‬ ٚ٤ِ‫طو‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫حٓظٜيف‬ ‫ٝهي‬‫حُٔـٜٞىحص‬ ٍ‫ٝحهظِح‬ ‫حُو٠خ٣خ‬ ٖٓ ‫حُ٘ٞع‬
‫ال‬ ‫ؿِحك٤ش‬ ‫ؿَحٓش‬ ‫أىحء‬ ‫حهظَحف‬ ‫كن‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫ُِ٘٤خرش‬ ‫ٝٓ٘ق‬ ،ُٙ‫إلٗـخ‬ ‫ط٘لن‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫ٝحُٔخى٣ش‬ ‫حُزَ٘٣ش‬
َٝ‫طؼ‬ ٚ‫ٓٞحكوظ‬ ّ‫ػي‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ٝك‬ ،‫ُِٔوخُلش‬ ‫حُٔوٍَس‬ ‫ُِـَحٓش‬ ٠ٜ‫حأله‬ ‫حُلي‬ ‫ٜٗق‬ ُٝ‫طظـخ‬

12. -23-
،‫حُؼخى٣ش‬ ‫حُل٠ٍٞ٣ش‬ ‫ُِٔٔطَس‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٝكو‬ ‫ك٤ٜخ‬ ‫ُِزض‬ ‫حُو٠خء‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُو٠٤ش‬‫حالهظَحف‬ ٕ‫كب‬ َ‫ٝرخُٔوخر‬
‫(حُٔٞحى‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ َٟٚ‫طؼ‬ ّ‫ػي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫ر‬ ‫حُٔوخُق‬ ٍٞ‫هز‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٌ٤‫ُِظ٘ل‬ ً‫ال‬‫هخر‬ ً‫ح‬‫ٓ٘ي‬ ‫٣ٜزق‬486٠ُ‫ا‬
493.)
48‫انجزًٚخ‬ ‫ٔيحبرثخ‬ ‫انًجزًغ‬ ‫حًبٚخ‬ ٙ‫ف‬ ‫انؼبيخ‬ ‫انُٛبثخ‬ ‫دٔر‬ .
‫كيٝى‬ َ‫ػز‬ ‫ٗزٌخطٜخ‬ ‫أٗ٘طش‬ ‫ٝحٓظيحى‬ ‫أٓخُ٤زٜخ‬ ‫ٝطؼوي‬ ‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ ‫ظخَٛس‬ ‫ٝطِح٣ي‬ ٢ٓ‫ُظ٘خ‬ ً‫ح‬َ‫ٗظ‬
ٍٝ‫حُي‬‫حألرلخع‬ ُ‫اٗـخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ َ٤‫حُظؤه‬ ١‫طلخى‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ً‫خ‬َٛ‫ٝك‬ .‫حُلي٣ؼش‬ ‫حُظٌُ٘ٞٞؿ٤خ‬ َ‫ُٞٓخث‬ ‫ٝحٓظـالُٜخ‬
‫ؿخء‬ ‫كوي‬ ،ْٜ٤‫ك‬ ٚ‫حُٔ٘ظز‬ ٍ‫كَح‬ ٕٝ‫ى‬ ‫ٝحُل٤ُِٞش‬ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫ُِ٘٤خرش‬ ٍٞ‫طو‬ ‫رٔوظ٠٤خص‬
ٖٓ ‫َٓطٌز٤ٜخ‬ ٢‫ٟٝز‬ ْ‫حُـَحث‬ ‫إلػزخص‬ ‫أىُش‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫ُِزلغ‬ ‫ؿي٣يس‬ َ‫ٝٓخث‬ )‫ًٌُي‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫(ٝهخ‬
،ْٜ‫ٓلخًٔظ‬ َ‫أؿ‬;‫ر٤ٜ٘خ‬ ٖٓ
8‫انحذٔد‬ ‫ٔإغالق‬ ‫انظفز‬ ‫جٕاس‬ ‫طحت‬ )‫أ‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ‫ٝٛ٤جش‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ ‫ٛ٤جش‬ ّ‫أٓخ‬ ‫حُٔظخكش‬ ‫ُإلٌٓخٗ٤ش‬ ‫رخإلٟخكش‬293ٌٖٔ٣ ،
ٚ٤‫ك‬ ٚ‫حُٔ٘ظز‬ َ‫ٓل‬ ُ‫ؿٞح‬ ‫طٔلذ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ١‫حُظٜٔ٤ي‬ ‫حُزلغ‬ ‫ٍَٟٝس‬ ‫ًُي‬ ‫حهظ٠ض‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫ُِ٘٤خرش‬
ٔ٣ٝ،ً‫ح‬‫ٝحكي‬ ً‫ح‬َٜٗ ُٝ‫طظـخ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ُٔيس‬ ٜٚ‫ٝؿ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُليٝى‬ ‫ٝطـِن‬‫حٗظٜخء‬ ‫ُـخ٣ش‬ َ‫حألؿ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ‫طٔي٣ي‬ ٌٖ
ٍٞ‫ٓلؼ‬ ٢ٜ‫ٝ٣٘ظ‬ ،ٚٓ‫اطٔخ‬ َ٤‫طؤه‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔظٔزذ‬ ٞٛ َٓ‫رخأل‬ ٢٘‫حُٔؼ‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬ ١‫حُظٜٔ٤ي‬ ‫حُزلغ‬
‫رللع‬ ٍ‫هَح‬ ً‫رخطوخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ ‫ٛ٤جش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُو٠٤ش‬ ‫ربكخُش‬ ٍ‫حألكٞح‬ ًَ ٢‫ك‬ ٖ٣‫حإلؿَحء‬
ٕ‫(حُٔخىطخ‬ ‫حُو٠٤ش‬51ٝ5:.)
ٔ‫ر‬ ‫حٌُِٔلش‬ ‫ُألؿِٜس‬ ‫٣ظ٤ق‬ ‫حإلؿَحء‬ ‫ٌٝٛح‬ْ‫حُـَحث‬ ٖٓ ‫ُِظؼزض‬ ‫ًخك٤ش‬ ‫كَٛش‬ ‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ ‫ٌخكلش‬
‫أٝٓغ‬ ‫ٝهض‬ ٖٓ ٌٚ٘ٔ٣ ً‫ا‬ ٍ‫أكٞح‬ ‫ػيس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٗخؿؼ‬ ‫اؿَحء‬ ٚ٤‫ك‬ ٚ‫ُِٔ٘ظز‬ ‫رخُ٘ٔزش‬ َ‫ٝ٣ؼظز‬ ،‫حألىُش‬ ‫ٝؿٔغ‬
ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ٍٞ٠‫ك‬ ٕ‫ر٠ٔخ‬ ً‫ال‬٤‫ًل‬ ‫اؿَحء‬ ‫حُٞهض‬ ْ‫ٗل‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ٝ٣ؼي‬ ،ٚٔ‫ٗل‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫ُِيكخع‬ َ‫ٝٓخث‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫ُِزلغ‬
.‫حُ٘ظَ٣ش‬ ‫حُلَحٓش‬ ‫طلض‬ ٚ‫ٟٝؼ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُِـٞء‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬ ٖٓ
‫ة‬‫ٔرظجٛهٓب‬ ‫ثؼذ‬ ٍ‫ػ‬ ‫االرصبل‬ ‫ثٕطبئم‬ ‫انًُجشح‬ ‫ٔاالرصبالد‬ ‫انًكبنًبد‬ ‫انزمبط‬ )
8‫ٔحجشْب‬
‫ًٌُي‬ ٌٖٔ٣ٝ .‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ‫ٍَٟٝس‬ ‫حهظ٠ظٜخ‬ ‫ًِٔخ‬ ،‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬ ‫ٓوُٞش‬ ‫حإلٌٓخٗ٤ش‬ ٌٙٛ
‫ُٔلٌٔش‬ ٍٝ‫حأل‬ ْ٤‫حَُث‬ ٖٓ ْٔ‫٣ِظ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حُزلغ‬ ‫ٍَٟٝس‬ ‫ًُي‬ ‫حهظ٠ض‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُِٞ
ُ‫رخ‬ ‫ًظخرش‬ ُٚ ًٕ‫حإل‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خف‬َ‫ٝٓخث‬ ‫رٞحٓطش‬ ‫حَُِٔٓش‬ ‫حالطٜخالص‬ ‫ًٝخكش‬ ‫حٌُٔخُٔخص‬ ١‫ظوخ‬
.ٚ‫َٝٓحهزظ‬ ٚ‫ِٓطظ‬ ‫طلض‬ ‫ًُي‬ ْ‫ٝ٣ظ‬ .‫ٝطٔـ٤ِٜخ‬ ‫حُٔوظِلش‬ ٍ‫حالطٜخ‬
٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ‫ر٤ي‬ ً‫خ‬ٓ‫أٓخ‬ ٚ‫ٟٝٝؼ‬ ً‫خ‬٤‫حٓظؼ٘خث‬ ‫اؿَحء‬ َٙ‫حػظز‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٕ‫كب‬ ‫حإلؿَحء‬ ‫ُوطٍٞس‬ ً‫ح‬َ‫ٝٗظ‬
٢‫ك‬ ‫حُزلغ‬ ‫ٍَٟٝس‬ ‫ًُي‬ ‫حهظ٠ض‬ ‫ٝاًح‬ ‫ٝحٓظؼ٘خء‬ ،ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٓؼَٟٝش‬ ‫حُو٠٤ش‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ٠‫ٓظ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬
ْ٤‫حَُث‬ ٖٓ ًٕ‫ا‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ َٜ‫٣ل‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُِٞ ٌٖٔ٣ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٓؼَٟٝش‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬ ‫ه٠٤ش‬
‫حإلؿ‬ ‫رٌٜح‬ ّ‫ُِو٤خ‬ ٍٝ‫حأل‬‫ٝٓالٓش‬ ٖ١‫حُٔٞح‬ ٖٓ‫أ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُوطٍٞس‬ ‫ٗي٣يس‬ ْ‫حُـَحث‬ ٞ‫رؼ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫َحء‬
‫ًخٗض‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫حٓظؼ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫رٌ٤ل٤ش‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُِٞ ٌٖٔ٣ ٟٜٞ‫حُو‬ ٍ‫حالٓظؼـخ‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ٝك‬ .ٖ١ُٞ‫ح‬
‫رٌُي‬ ّ‫حُو٤خ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٍ‫٣زخى‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ،‫حإلػزخص‬ َ‫ٝٓخث‬ ٍ‫حٗيػخ‬ ٖٓ ‫هٞكخ‬ َ٤‫حُظؼـ‬ ٢٠‫طوظ‬ ‫حُزلغ‬ ‫ٍَٟٝس‬

13. -24-
‫حُل‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٍٝ‫حأل‬ ْ٤‫حَُث‬ ٍ‫اٗؼخ‬ ٝ ‫حإلؿَحء‬ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٍ‫هَح‬ ٕ‫ر٘ؤ‬ ٍَ‫٣و‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ١ٌُ‫ٝح‬ ،ٍٞ
.‫ٓخػش‬ ٖ٣َ٘‫ٝػ‬ ‫أٍرغ‬ ٍ‫هال‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬
‫كٔخ٣ش‬ َ‫طٌل‬ ‫ٛخٍٓش‬ ‫رو٤ٞى‬ ٚ١‫ٝأكخ‬ ‫ىهش‬ ٌَ‫ر‬ ‫حإلؿَحء‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ‫ٌِٝٗ٤خص‬ ‫ٓيس‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫كيى‬ ‫ٝهي‬
‫ٓوخُلظٜخ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ػوٞرخص‬ َٝ‫ٝك‬ ،ٕٞٗ‫ُِوخ‬ ً‫خ‬‫هالك‬ ‫حإلٌٓخٗ٤ش‬ ٌٙٛ ٍ‫حٓظـال‬ ّ‫ٝػي‬ ٙ‫حألٗوخ‬ ‫كَٓش‬
ٖٓ ‫(حُٔٞحى‬219٠ُ‫ا‬227.)
‫انمجض‬ ‫ثإنمبء‬ ‫دٔنٛخ‬ ‫أٔايز‬ ‫إصذار‬ )‫ط‬8
‫ٓ٘ق‬ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬‫ربُوخء‬ ‫ىُٝ٤ش‬ َٓ‫أٝح‬ ٍ‫إلٛيح‬ ‫حُٜالك٤ش‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُِٞٝ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًُٞ
‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ّ‫أٓخ‬ ً‫خ‬‫ػخثو‬ ٌَ٘‫ط‬ ‫حُ٘وطش‬ ٌٙٛ ‫ًخٗض‬ ‫ُٝوي‬ .ٖ٤َٓ‫حُٔـ‬ ْ٤ِٔ‫ط‬ ‫ٓٔطَس‬ ‫ُظطز٤ن‬ ٞ‫حُوز‬
‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ ‫ٓلخٍرش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ً‫ال‬ٓ‫ًخ‬ ‫ُيٍٝٛخ‬ ‫أىحثٜخ‬ ٕٝ‫ى‬ ٍٞ‫٣ل‬.٢٘١ُٞ‫ح‬ ‫حُظَحد‬ ‫َٓطٌزٞٛخ‬ ٍ‫ؿخى‬ ‫اًح‬
‫ٌٛح‬ َ‫ٓؼ‬ ٍ‫إلٛيح‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ػَٟٜخ‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ‫ال‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬ ‫حُو٠خ٣خ‬ ٢‫ٝك‬
َ٘ٗ ‫آٌخٗ٤ش‬ ّ‫ػي‬ ‫رٔزذ‬ ٢‫حُٔـَر‬ ‫حُو٠خء‬ ‫٣ي‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٟ‫رٔ٘ؤ‬ ِٕٞ‫٣ظ‬ ْٜ٤‫ك‬ ٚ‫ٝحُٔ٘ظز‬ ‫حُـ٘خس‬ ٕ‫كب‬ َٓ‫حأل‬
‫حُٜؼ٤ي‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ْٜ‫كو‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ‫طٜيٍٛخ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ٞ‫حُوز‬ ‫ربُوخء‬ َٓ‫حألٝح‬ّ‫ُؼي‬ ً‫ح‬َ‫ٗظ‬ ،٢ُٝ‫حُي‬
.َٓ‫حألٝح‬ ٌٙٛ ٍ‫اٛيح‬ ‫كن‬ ‫٣ٔ٘لٜخ‬ ‫َٛ٣ق‬ ٚٗ ‫ٝؿٞى‬
٠‫ٝ٣ظٞه‬ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ٕ‫حُٔخىطخ‬ ٚ‫ط٠ٔ٘ظ‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ٠٠‫حُٔوظ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ51ٝ5:‫حُلؼخُ٤ش‬ ‫طلو٤ن‬
.‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫ُِؼيحُش‬ ‫حُالُٓش‬
‫ٔانًزٕطظ‬ ‫انجظٛظ‬ ‫نالَحزاف‬ ‫يالئًخ‬ ‫أجٕثخ‬ ‫رٕفٛز‬ 8ً‫ب‬َٛ‫صب‬
٢ٔ‫طٌظ‬ ‫ال‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُو٠خ٣خ‬ ٞ‫رؼ‬ ‫ٌُؼَس‬ َ‫رخُ٘ظ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ َ‫طئػ‬ ‫أٟلض‬ ٢‫ٝحُظ‬ ،‫رخُـش‬ ‫هطٍٞس‬
‫ُِو٠خ٣خ‬ ٜٚ٤ٜ‫طو‬ ٢‫٣٘زـ‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ‫ٝحُٞهض‬ ‫حُـٜي‬ ٖٓ ‫ٝطٔظـَم‬ ،٢‫حُـ٘خث‬ ‫حُو٠خء‬ َٔ‫ػ‬ ‫ٝأىحء‬ َ٤ٓ
;ٖ٤‫آُ٤ظ‬ َ‫ػز‬ ‫ٌُُي‬ ً‫خ‬‫ؿٞحر‬ ‫حَُٔ٘ٝع‬ ّ‫هي‬ ‫كوي‬ ،‫ٝحُ٘خثٌش‬ ‫حُٔؼويس‬
2‫حُلَى١؛‬ ‫.حُو٠خء‬
3.‫حُـ٘ق‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٢‫حُو٠خث‬ َٓ‫.حأل‬
2‫انفزد‬ ‫انمضبء‬ 8١
١‫حُلَى‬ ‫حُو٠خء‬ ‫طـَرش‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ْ‫ٍؿ‬‫حُو٠خء‬ ّ‫ٗظخ‬ ‫٣ؼظ٘ن‬ ‫حَُٔ٘ع‬ َ‫ؿؼ‬ ‫حٗظوخى‬ َ‫ٓل‬ ‫ًخٗض‬
‫ٓ٘ش‬ َ٣‫طؼي‬ ٌ٘ٓ ٢‫حُـٔخػ‬2::4‫حُو٠خء‬ ٚ‫ُؼز‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ٢‫حإل٣ـخر‬ ٍٝ‫حُي‬ ٍ‫اٌٗخ‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ‫ال‬ ٚٗ‫أ‬ ‫اال‬ ،
‫ٌُُٝي‬ .‫حُٔطِٞرش‬ ‫رخَُٔػش‬ ‫حُو٠خ٣خ‬ ٖٓ ‫حُؼي٣ي‬ ‫طٜل٤ش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ك٤ٜخ‬ ‫١زن‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُلوزش‬ ٍ‫هال‬ ١‫حُلَى‬
‫ح‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ؿي٣ي‬ ٖٓ ١‫حُلَى‬ ‫ُِو٠خء‬ ٚ٤٘‫رظز‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٕ‫كب‬‫حُؼوٞرخص‬ ُٝ‫طظـخ‬ ‫ال‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُو٠خ٣خ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ُزض‬
‫ٝكؼخُ٤ش‬ ‫َٓػش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ َٙ‫حُل‬ ٠‫طٞه‬ ‫هي‬ ٌٕٞ٣ ،٢‫كو‬ ‫ؿَحٓش‬ ‫ٓـَى‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ً‫خ‬ٔ‫كز‬ ٖ٤‫ٓ٘ظ‬ ‫ُٜخ‬ ‫حُٔوٍَس‬
‫حُو٠خ٣خ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُزض‬ ‫طَى‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ‫ًُٝي‬ .‫حُو٠خ٣خ‬ ٖٓ ‫حُ٘ٞع‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ‫ٓؼخُـش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُؼيحُش‬ ّ‫ٗظخ‬
‫حُ٘ٞع‬ ‫ٌُٜح‬ َ‫ٓ٤ٞك‬ ‫ٓٔخ‬ ،٢‫حُـٔخػ‬ ‫حُو٠خء‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُٜٔٔش‬ ‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬ٖٓ َ‫أٝك‬ ‫كظخ‬ ‫حُو٠خ٣خ‬ ٖٓ
‫(حُٔخىس‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔوٍَحص‬ ٟٞ‫ٓٔظ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫رخإل٣ـخد‬ ٌْ‫ٓظ٘ؼ‬ ‫حُؼ٘خ٣ش‬485.)
0‫انجُح‬ ٙ‫ف‬ ٙ‫انمضبئ‬ ‫األيز‬ 8
ُٝ‫طظـخ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫رـَحٓش‬ ٢‫كو‬ ‫ػٜ٘خ‬ ‫٣ؼخهذ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُزٔ٤طش‬ ‫ُِـ٘ق‬ ‫ٓزٔطش‬ ‫ٓٔطَس‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫أٝؿي‬
‫ر‬ ‫ػخرظش‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ‫اًح‬ ،٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ ‫رخُلن‬ ‫ٓطخُذ‬ ‫ك٤ٜخ‬ َٜ‫٣ظ‬ ‫ٝال‬ ٍْٛ‫ى‬ ‫آالف‬ ‫هٔٔش‬ٝ‫أ‬ َ٠‫ٓل‬ ٠٠‫ٔوظ‬

14. -25-
‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ْٔ‫ِٓظ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬ ‫حُـَحٓش‬ ‫رؤىحء‬ َٓ‫أ‬ ٍ‫اٛيح‬ ٖٓ ٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬ ٌٙٛ ٌٖٔ‫ط‬ ٝ .َ٣َ‫طو‬
‫رؼي‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ َٝ‫حُظؼ‬ ‫٣ٌٜٔ٘ٔخ‬ َٓ‫رؤ‬ ٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ ‫حُلن‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٍٝ‫ٝحُٔٔئ‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ‫ؿ٤زش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ٝحُزض‬ ،‫حُؼخٓش‬
‫(حُٔخىس‬ ‫حُؼخى٣ش‬ ‫حُل٠ٍٞ٣ش‬ ‫حُٔلخًٔش‬ ‫كَٛش‬ َٝ‫حُظؼ‬ ‫ٝ٣ظ٤ق‬ .ٚ‫طزِ٤ـ‬494.)
‫صُب‬ 8ً‫ب‬‫صبنض‬‫انزحمٛك‬ ‫ئٛخ‬
ًْ‫ٓلخ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُزض‬ ٍٞ‫ك‬ ‫هي‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫حالٗظوخُ٤ش‬ ‫حإلؿَحءحص‬ َ٤ٜ‫ظ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ َ‫رخُ٘ظ‬
‫رٞؿٞى‬ ً‫خ‬٘٤ٍٛ ‫أٛزق‬ ‫حُـ٘ق‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٕ‫كب‬ ،ًْ‫حُٔلخ‬ ٌٙٛ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ‫ه٠خس‬ َ‫ٝٗو‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خف‬
‫رخُـش‬ ‫أٛٔ٤ش‬ ٢ٔ‫طٌظ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُـ٘ق‬ ٖٓ ‫ٓـٔٞػش‬ َ‫ؿؼ‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ٞٛٝ ،ِٙ٤‫٣ـ‬ ‫َٛ٣ق‬ ٢ٗٞٗ‫هخ‬ ٚٗ
‫ح‬ ْ‫ًخُـَحث‬‫٣ٔخػي‬ ‫ال‬ ‫هي‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ٞٛٝ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ‫رٔٔطَس‬ ‫ُٓ٘ٔٞش‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬ ،‫حُٞػخثن‬ َ٣ِٝ‫ٝط‬ ‫الهظٜخى٣ش‬
‫هي‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ ‫حُ٘ظَ٣ش‬ ‫حُلَحٓش‬ ‫ٓيس‬ ٚ٤ِ‫طو‬ ٕ‫رؤ‬ ً‫خ‬ِٔ‫ػ‬ ،‫حُلو٤وش‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫حٌُ٘ق‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬
.ْٜ٤‫ك‬ ٚ‫حُٔ٘ظز‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫حإلكَحؽ‬ ‫ك٤ٜخ‬ ً‫خ‬ٌ٘ٔٓ ٌٖ٣ ُْ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُلخالص‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حألرلخع‬ ‫ٗظخثؾ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٍٙٝ‫ري‬ َ‫أػ‬
‫ر‬ ‫ُوطٍٞس‬ َ‫ٝرخُ٘ظ‬‫كزٔخ‬ ‫ٓ٘ٞحص‬ ْٔ‫ه‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٟٜٞ‫حُو‬ ‫ػوٞرظٜخ‬ َٜ‫ط‬ ٢‫ٝحُظ‬ ‫حُـ٘ق‬ ٞ‫ؼ‬
.َ‫أًؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬
ْٔ‫ه‬ ُٝ‫طظـخ‬ ‫ػوٞرخص‬ ٠٘‫٣ظز‬ ‫هي‬ ‫حَُٔطوذ‬ ٢‫حُـ٘خث‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫َٓ٘ٝع‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫ًٌُي‬ َ‫ٝرخُ٘ظ‬
.‫حُوطٍٞس‬ ‫ًحص‬ ‫حُـ٘ق‬ ٞ‫ُزؼ‬ ‫ٓ٘ٞحص‬
٠ٜ‫حأله‬ ‫حُلي‬ ٌٕٞ٣ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫ُِـ٘ق‬ ‫رخُ٘ٔزش‬ ١ٍ‫حالهظ٤خ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ‫رٔٔطَس‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٠‫أط‬ ‫كوي‬
‫ُِؼوٞرش‬ٙ‫هخ‬ ٚٗ ‫٣ٞؿذ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ِ٤‫٣ـ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫ُِـ٘ق‬ ‫رخإلٟخكش‬ َ‫أًؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٓ٘ٞحص‬ ْٔ‫ه‬ ‫ُٜخ‬ ‫حُٔوٍَس‬
.‫ك٤ٜخ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬
‫حالرظيحث٤ش‬ ًْ‫حُٔلخ‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ‫ٓئٓٔش‬ ‫اكيحع‬ ْ‫ط‬ ‫كوي‬ ‫حُـخ٣ش‬ ٌٙٛ ‫ُٝظلو٤ن‬
ٓ‫حُٔئ‬ ٍ‫الٓظَٔح‬ ‫رخإلٟخكش‬‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ًْ‫ٓلخ‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ ‫حُٔٞؿٞىس‬ ‫ٔش‬
‫رحذ‬ ‫(انٕضغ‬ ٙ‫االحزٛبط‬ ‫نالػزمبل‬ ‫ثذائم‬ 8ً‫ب‬‫راثؼ‬)‫انمضبئٛخ‬ ‫انًزالجخ‬
‫ُٔ٘ش‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬ ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬ ٖٔ٠‫٣ظ‬ ‫ال‬2:6:١ً ٢١‫حالكظ٤خ‬ ٍ‫ُالػظوخ‬ َ٣‫ري‬ َ٤‫طير‬ ١‫أ‬
‫ٗؤٜٗخ‬ ٖٓ ‫ٝكؼخُش‬ ‫ٜٓٔش‬ ‫ري٣ِش‬ ‫آٌخٗ٤خص‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ًُي‬ َ‫٣ٞك‬ ‫ٝال‬ ،٢ٗ‫اٗٔخ‬ ‫رؼي‬
‫كو‬ ٕ‫ٟٝٔخ‬ ‫حُؼخىُش‬ ‫حُٔلخًٔش‬ ٍ‫ا١خ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٢‫حُـ٘خث‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ‫إلؿَحءحص‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ٍٞ٠‫ك‬ ٕ‫ٟٔخ‬‫ٞم‬
.‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُٔحهزش‬ ‫طلض‬ ‫حُٟٞغ‬ ّ‫ٗظخ‬ ‫اكيحع‬ ْ‫ط‬ ‫ٌُُٝي‬ .‫حُيكخع‬
‫حإلؿَحءحص‬ ‫ططز٤ن‬ َ٤ٓ َ‫طٌل‬ ‫آُ٤خص‬ ‫ا٣ـخى‬ َ٤‫حُظيحر‬ ٌٙٛ ٍ‫اهَح‬ ٖٓ ‫حُـي٣ي‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٠‫ٝ٣ظٞه‬
‫اٗٔخٗ٤ش‬ ‫حػظزخٍحص‬ ‫ُؼيس‬ ً‫ح‬‫ٓ٘ظوي‬ ‫أٛزق‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ٢١‫حالكظ٤خ‬ ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬ َ٤‫طير‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُِـٞء‬ ٕٝ‫ى‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬
ٖٓ ‫(حُٔٞحى‬ ‫ٝحؿظٔخػ٤ش‬26:‫ا‬٠ُ285.)
ٍ‫انطؼ‬ ‫طزق‬ ٙ‫ف‬ ‫انجذٚذ‬ 8ً‫ب‬‫خبيظ‬
2‫انجُبٚبد‬ ‫غزف‬ ٍ‫ػ‬ ‫انصبدرح‬ ‫انمزاراد‬ ‫اطزئُبف‬ 8
‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ ‫ؿَكش‬ ّ‫أٓخ‬ ًْ‫٣لخ‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ َ‫٣ظٞك‬ ‫ال‬–‫ؿ٘لش‬ َ‫أؿ‬ ٖٓ ُٞٝ–٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٟٞٓ
ٖ‫ٝحُٔـ‬ ّ‫حإلػيح‬ ‫ُلي‬ َٜ‫ط‬ ً‫خ‬ٓ‫أكٌخ‬ ٍ‫طٜي‬ ‫حُـَف‬ ٌٙٛ ٕ‫أ‬ ً‫خ‬ِٔ‫ػ‬ ،٢ٟ‫حُظوخ‬ ٖٓ ‫ٝحكيس‬ ‫ىٍؿش‬
٢‫ك‬ ‫حُـ٘خ٣خص؛‬ ٕ‫ر٘ؤ‬ ‫حُٔئري‬٢‫ك‬ ‫حُلن‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حالرظيحث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ًٚٔ‫طلخ‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ َ‫٣ظٞك‬ ٖ٤‫ك‬
.٢‫كو‬ ‫رٔ٤طش‬ ‫رـَحٓش‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ‫٣ؼخهذ‬ ‫ؿ٘لش‬ َ‫أؿ‬ ٖٓ ً‫خ‬‫ٓظخرؼ‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ُٞٝ ‫حالٓظج٘خف‬

15. -26-
،٢ٟ‫حُظوخ‬ ‫ىٍؿخص‬ ٖٓ ٖ٤‫ىٍؿظ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ َ‫حُظٞك‬ ٢‫ك‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ‫كن‬ ٍ‫٣ٜي‬ ٚٗ‫أل‬ ‫ٓ٘ظوي‬ ‫حُٟٞغ‬ ‫ٌٝٛح‬
.‫حُؼخىُش‬ ‫حُٔلخًٔش‬ ‫رٔزيأ‬ ْٔ٣ٝ
‫ؿخء‬ ‫كوي‬ ‫ٌُُٝي‬٢‫ك‬ ‫رخالٓظج٘خف‬ ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ ‫آٌخٗ٤ش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٚ٘‫ط‬ ‫رٔوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫حُـي٣ي‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬
.ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ ‫أ١َحف‬ َ‫هز‬ ٖٓ ‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ًْ‫ٓلخ‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ ‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ ‫ؿَف‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫حُٜخىٍس‬ ‫حُوَحٍحص‬
َ‫ط٘ظ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خك٤ش‬ ‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ ‫ؿَكش‬ ٕ‫كب‬ ‫حُؼخىُش‬ ‫ُِٔلخًٔش‬ ‫حُ٠ٔخٗخص‬ ٖٓ ‫ِٓ٣ي‬ َ٤‫ُٝظٞك‬
ُ ٖ٣ٍ‫ٓٔظ٘خ‬ ‫ٝأٍرؼش‬ ْ٤‫ٍث‬ ٖٓ ٌٕٞ‫طظ‬ ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ ٢‫ك‬ٚٗ‫أ‬ ِْ‫حُؼ‬ ‫ٓغ‬ .‫حُو٠٤ش‬ ٢‫ك‬ َ‫حُ٘ظ‬ ُْٜ ‫٣ٔزن‬ ْ
‫ٓلٌٔش‬ ْ‫ر٘ل‬ ‫طٞؿي‬ ‫حُـَكش‬ ٌٙٛ ٕ‫كب‬ ٖ٤ٟ‫حُٔظوخ‬ ٖٓ ‫حُو٠خء‬ ‫ٝطوَ٣ذ‬ ‫حُؼيحُش‬ َ٤ٓ ٖٔ‫ُل‬ ‫ٟٔخٗخ‬
‫(حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫حالرظيحث‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ ‫أٛيٍص‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ ‫ؿَكش‬ ‫رٜخ‬ ‫طٞؿي‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خف‬568.)
0‫أ‬ ‫ثبنجزاءح‬ ‫انمبضٛخ‬ ‫انجُبئٛخ‬ ‫انمزاراد‬ ٙ‫ف‬ ‫ثبنُمض‬ ٍ‫انطؼ‬ 8‫اإلػفبء‬ ٔ
‫اًح‬ ‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ ‫ؿَف‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫حُٜخىٍس‬ ‫حُوَحٍحص‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٞ‫رخُ٘و‬ ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ ‫٣ظ٤ق‬ ‫ال‬ ٢ُ‫حُلخ‬ ‫حُٟٞغ‬ ٕ‫ا‬
‫ال‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ٞٛ ‫حُٟٞؼ٤ش‬ ٌٙٛ ٖٓ ‫حُٞك٤ي‬ ‫حُٔٔظل٤ي‬ ٕ‫كب‬ ‫ٌُُٝي‬ ،‫رخإلػلخء‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫رخُزَحءس‬ ‫ه٠ض‬
ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫رزَحءط‬ ‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ ‫ؿَكش‬ ‫َٛكض‬ ‫اًح‬ ٚ‫ٓٞحؿٜظ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٞ‫رخُ٘و‬ ٖ‫ططؼ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫ُِ٘٤خرش‬ ٌٖٔ٣
‫ربػل‬.ٚ‫خث‬
ٌٖٔ٣ ‫ك٤غ‬ ‫حُٔٔخٝحس‬ ّ‫هي‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ّٜٞ‫حُو‬ ‫ط٠غ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ٌُٜٞٗخ‬ ،‫ٓ٘ظويس‬ ‫ٟٝؼ٤ش‬ ٌٙٛ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫ٝحُٞحهغ‬
‫ٓٔؼِش‬ ‫رٜلظٜخ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫ُِ٘٤خرش‬ ‫حُلن‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ‫٣ظخف‬ ‫ال‬ ٝ ،ٚ‫اىحٗظ‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٞ‫رخُ٘و‬ ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ ْٜ‫ُِٔظ‬
ٖٓ ‫حإلػلخء‬ ٖٓ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُزَحءس‬ ٖٓ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ‫حٓظلخىس‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ ّ‫حُ٘ظخ‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫ٝٓيحكؼش‬ ‫ُِٔـظٔغ‬
.‫حُؼوٞرش‬
‫ؿَكش‬ ‫هَحٍحص‬ ١َ‫طؼظ‬ ‫هي‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حألهطخء‬ ‫ُظٜل٤ق‬ ‫حُلَٛش‬ ‫طظ٤ق‬ ‫ال‬ َٟ‫أه‬ ‫ؿٜش‬ ٖٓ ٢ٛٝ
٢‫ٝحُظ‬ ،‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬–‫كيٝػٜخ‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬–َّ‫حُـ‬ ‫كظخػش‬ ْ‫ٍؿ‬ ‫حُؼوخد‬ ٖٓ ‫٣لِض‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ َ‫طـؼ‬
‫اال‬ ‫حُوطؤ‬ ‫اٛالف‬ ‫آٌخٗ٤ش‬ َ‫٣ٞك‬ ‫ال‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ُلخثيس‬ ٞ‫رخُ٘و‬ ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ً‫خ‬ِٔ‫ػ‬ ،ِٚ‫هز‬ ٖٓ ‫حَُٔطٌذ‬
،‫حُٔزيث٤ش‬ ‫حُ٘خك٤ش‬ ٖٓٞ‫(حُ٘و‬ ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ ٍٞ‫هز‬ ْ‫ٍؿ‬ ٚ‫ٓلخًٔظ‬ ‫اػخىس‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ‫رٔؼخهزش‬ ‫٣ٔٔق‬ ‫ال‬ ً‫ا‬
.)ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ُلخثيس‬
ٕ‫ًخ‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ٠٠‫حُٔوظ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٠ِ‫طو‬ ‫حُـي٣ي‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٕ‫كب‬ ‫ٌُُٝي‬َٜ‫حُل‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ٓوٍَح‬687ٖٓ
ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬2:6:.
1‫انُظز‬ ‫ثإػبدح‬ ٍ‫انطؼ‬ 8
ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫حُٜخىٍس‬ ‫حُوَحٍحص‬ ٢‫ك‬ َ‫حُ٘ظ‬ ‫ربػخىس‬ ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ ٢ٛ ‫ؿي٣يس‬ ٖ‫١ؼ‬ ‫ٝٓ٤ِش‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫أكيع‬
ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬
4
‫ًُٝي‬ ،‫حأل١َحف‬ ‫كوٞم‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ً‫خ‬‫كلخظ‬;‫ح٥ط٤ش‬ ‫حُلخالص‬ ٢‫ك‬
-‫رٍِٝ٣ظٜخ؛‬ ‫حػظَف‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫َٛف‬ ‫ٝػخثن‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ً‫ح‬‫حٓظ٘خى‬ ‫حُٜخىٍس‬ ‫حُوَحٍحص‬ ‫ٟي‬
-‫ٓخى٣ش؛‬ ‫أهطخء‬ ‫طٜل٤ق‬ َ‫أؿ‬ ٖٓ
-٢‫ك‬ ‫حُزض‬ ٍ‫حُوَح‬ َ‫أؿل‬ ‫اًح‬‫رٜخ؛‬ ٍ‫حٓظي‬ َ‫ٝٓخث‬ ٞ‫رؼ‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ‫حُٔؼَٟٝش‬ ‫حُطِزخص‬ ‫أكي‬
4-‫كَ٣يس‬ ‫رٔخىس‬ ١ٍٞ‫حُيٓظ‬ َ٣ِ٘‫حُظ‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ‫ًُٝي‬ ٠ِ‫حألػ‬ ِْ‫حُٔـ‬ ‫حُٔخروش‬ ‫حُؼزخٍس‬ َ‫ٓل‬ ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬ ‫ػزخٍس‬ ‫كِض‬
ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ22.69ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫حَُ٘٣ق‬ َ٤ٜ‫حُظ‬ ٌٙ٤‫رظ٘ل‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬2.22.281‫رظخٍ٣ن‬38ٖٓ‫حُوؼيس‬ ١ً2543(36َ‫أًظٞر‬
3122،)َ‫حُـ‬‫حَُٓٔ٤ش‬ ‫٣يس‬‫ػيى‬6:9:‫رظخٍ٣ن‬ ٌٍَٓ39‫حُوؼيس‬ ًٝ2543(37َ‫أًظٞر‬3122)،ٙ6339.

16. -27-
-‫حُ٘وٞ؛‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬ ٍ‫هَح‬ َ٤ِ‫طؼ‬ ّ‫ػي‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬
-‫ٛزـش‬ ‫ًحص‬ ‫ر٤خٗخص‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫ٗخٗجش‬ ‫ألٓزخد‬ ١ٞ‫رخُٔو‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٍٞ‫حُوز‬ ّ‫رؼي‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ ٍ‫حُوَح‬ ‫ٟي‬
‫رؼي‬ ‫ك٤ٔخ‬ ‫رٜخ‬ ٍ‫حالٓظيال‬ ‫ٝهغ‬ ‫ؿي٣يس‬ ‫ٍٓٔ٤ش‬ ‫ٝػخثن‬ ‫١َ٣ن‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫ٛلظٜخ‬ ّ‫ػي‬ ٖ٤‫طز‬ ‫ٍٓٔ٤ش‬
ٕ‫(حُٔخىطخ‬674ٝ675).
‫األحذاس‬ ‫نحًبٚخ‬ ٖ‫انكجز‬ ‫انزٕجٓبد‬ 8ً‫ب‬‫طبدط‬
ًِْٜٞٓ ْ٣ٞ‫ٝطو‬ ٖ٤‫حُـخٗل‬ ‫حألكيحع‬ ‫كٔخ٣ش‬ ٞٛ ‫حُـي٣ي‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٙ‫طٞهخ‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫حُٜيف‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬
‫ٟل٤ش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُـخٗق‬ ‫حُليع‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُلٔخ٣ش‬ ٌٙٛ َٜ‫٣و‬ ُْ ٚٗ‫كب‬ ،‫حُٔـظٔغ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ْٜ‫اىٓخؿ‬ ‫اػخىس‬ ‫روٜي‬
‫ٟٝؼ٤ش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٖ٣‫حُٔٞؿٞى‬ ‫حألكيحع‬ ‫رٜخ‬ َٔٗ ‫ٝاٗٔخ‬ ،٢‫كو‬ ‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ٖٓ ‫(حُٔٞحى‬ ‫ًٌُي‬ ‫ٛؼزش‬623
٠ُ‫ا‬628.)
‫ٝحُؼ٘خ٣ش‬ ْ٣ٌَ‫حُظ‬ ‫ٓزخىة‬ ‫حػظٔخى‬ ‫حألكيحع‬ ‫ُو٠خ٣خ‬ ٚ‫ٓؼخُـظ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُـي٣ي‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ِٓي‬ ‫ٝهي‬
‫ٛخىهض‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُيُٝ٤ش‬ ‫ٝحُٔؼخٛيحص‬ ‫حالطلخه٤خص‬ ّ‫ٝأكٌخ‬ َ‫ُِطل‬ ‫حإلٓالٓ٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘٣ؼش‬ ‫أهَطٜخ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬
،‫حُٜيف‬ ‫ًُي‬ ‫ُزِٞؽ‬ ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫ػيس‬ َ‫ٝأه‬ ‫حُٔـَر٤ش‬ ‫حٌُِٔٔش‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬;‫ر٤ٜ٘خ‬ ٖٓ
-٠ُ‫ا‬ ٢‫حُـ٘خث‬ ‫حَُٗي‬ ٖٓ ‫ٍكغ‬29‫(حُٔخىس‬ ‫ًخِٓش‬ ‫ٓ٤الى٣ش‬ ‫ٓ٘ش‬569‫)؛‬
-‫كٔخ٣ش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ً‫ال‬‫كخػ‬ ً‫ح‬ٍٝ‫ى‬ ٚ‫ٝاػطخث‬ ‫حالرظيحث٤ش‬ ‫رخُٔلٌٔش‬ ‫حألكيحع‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ّ‫ٗظخ‬ ‫اكيحع‬
‫ٓلٌٔش‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ ‫رخألكيحع‬ ‫حٌُِٔق‬ ٍ‫حُٔٔظ٘خ‬ ٚ‫ر‬ ّٞ‫٣و‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ٍٝ‫حُي‬ ْ٣ٌَ‫ُظ‬ ‫رخإلٟخكش‬ ،‫حألكيحع‬
‫حالٓظج٘خف؛‬
-‫ه٠خث‬ ‫ٛ٤جخص‬ ‫اكيحع‬ٝ‫هخ‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٝؿٞر‬ ‫٣َأٜٓخ‬ ‫حألكيحع‬ ‫ه٠خ٣خ‬ ٢‫ك‬ َ‫ُِ٘ظ‬ ‫ٓظوٜٜش‬ ‫٤ش‬
١ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٖ٤٤‫طؼ‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُِٞ ًَٝ‫أ‬ ‫ًُي‬ ٍ‫ؿَح‬ ٠ِ‫ٝػ‬ .‫رخألكيحع‬ ‫ٌِٓق‬
ٕ‫(حُٔخىطخ‬ ‫حألكيحع‬ ّ‫رٜٔخ‬ ‫٣٠طِغ‬578ٝ596ٖٓ ‫كجش‬ ٚ٤ٜ‫رظو‬ َ٤‫حُٔز‬ ْ‫ٗل‬ ‫ٜٗؾ‬ ‫ًٔخ‬ .)
‫(حُٔخىس‬ ‫رخألكيحع‬ ٖ٤‫ٌِٓل‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ١‫ٟزخ‬2:‫حالطلخه٤خص‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٜٗض‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ‫حٗٔـخٓخ‬ ،)
ٝ ‫حُيُٝ٤ش‬‫حألكيحع‬ ‫ؿ٘ٞف‬ ٍٞ‫ك‬ ‫حًُ٘ٔٞؿ٤ش‬ ٖ٤ٌ‫ر‬ ‫هٞحػي‬‫؛‬
-،‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫ُِ٘٤خرش‬ ‫أكيحع‬ ‫٣َطٌزٜخ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُـ٘ق‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُِٜق‬ ‫ٍػخ٣ش‬ ‫كن‬ ‫آ٘خى‬‫أٛزق‬ ٢‫حُظ‬
‫ٓلذ‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُليع‬ ‫ٟي‬ ‫حَُٔكٞػش‬ ‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ َ٤ٓ ‫رب٣وخف‬ ‫حُٔطخُزش‬ ً‫خ‬٠٣‫أ‬ ‫ربٌٓخٜٗخ‬
‫(حُٔخىس‬ ٍَ٠‫حُٔظ‬ ٍُ‫ط٘خ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حٌُ٘خ٣ش‬572‫)؛‬
-ٖ٤‫رؼ‬ ٌ‫طؤه‬ ‫ٓٔطَس‬ ‫ٌُُي‬ ‫ٝأٝؿي‬ ‫حُليع‬ ‫كٔخ٣ش‬ ٠‫ٍحػ‬ ‫هي‬ ‫حُـي٣ي‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫ٝاًح‬
ٖ٤ٔ‫ٝطل‬ ًِٚٞٓ ْ٣ٞ‫طو‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ّٞ‫ٝطو‬ ٠ِ٠‫حُل‬ ٚ‫ِٜٓلظ‬ ٍ‫حالػظزخ‬‫أٝؿي‬ ‫هي‬ ٚٗ‫كب‬ ،ٚ‫ٝطٌٜ٣ز‬ ٚ‫طَر٤ظ‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫حُٔئهظش‬ ‫حُلَحٓش‬ ّ‫ٗظخ‬ ‫ٜٓ٘خ‬ ‫ٓظؼيىس‬ ‫ٝأٓخُ٤ذ‬ ‫آُ٤خص‬ ‫ٌُُي‬582
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫حُظٌٜ٣ذ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُلٔخ٣ش‬ َ٤‫ٝطيحر‬592١ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫حُٔلَٝٓش‬ ‫حُلَ٣ش‬ ّ‫ٝٗظخ‬
ٖٓ ‫حُٔٞحى‬ ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ ‫ططَهض‬5:7٠ُ‫ا‬611.
‫ر‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ً‫خ‬‫ؿٔ٤ؼ‬ ‫حألٗظٔش‬ ٌٙٛ ‫ٝطٜيف‬‫حُليع‬ ‫كٔخ٣ش‬ ٞٛ ّ‫ٓخ‬ ‫ٓطِذ‬ ‫ٝطلو٤ن‬ ‫ٝك٤يس‬ ‫ؿخ٣ش‬ ‫ِٞؽ‬
.‫حُٔـظٔغ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ‫اىٓخؿ‬ ‫إلػخىس‬ ًِٚٞٓ ْ٣ٞ‫ٝطو‬ ‫حالٗلَحف‬ ٖٓ
َ٣‫ؿي‬ ٚ‫ٗو‬ ًَٝ ‫ٝحٌُلالء‬ ‫ٝحألٝٛ٤خء‬ ‫ح٥رخء‬ ‫حُـخ٣ش‬ ٌٙٛ ‫طلو٤ن‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫أَٗى‬ ‫ٝهي‬
‫حُوٜٞٛ٤ش‬ ‫ٝحُٔئٓٔخص‬ ‫ٝحُـٔؼ٤خص‬ ‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ‫ٝحُٜٔخُق‬ ‫حُٔئٓٔخص‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫رخإلٟخكش‬ ‫رخُؼوش‬
‫حُٜٔظٔش‬.‫حُٜل٤ش‬ ‫حُظَر٤ش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُِؼالؽ‬ ‫حُٔؼيس‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٢ُٜ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ٖ٣ٌٞ‫حُظ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫رخُظَر٤ش‬ ‫حٌُِٔلش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫رخُطلُٞش‬

17. -28-
‫ُو٠خس‬ ‫حُٔوُٞش‬ ‫حُٜالك٤ش‬ ‫رخألكيحع‬ ‫حٌُِٔق‬ ٍ‫حُٔٔظ٘خ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حألكيحع‬ ٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬ ٠‫ٝأػط‬
‫ٟٞثٜخ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ‫أرلخع‬ ‫اؿَحء‬ ٖٓ ‫ٌٜٝٓ٘ٔخ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬«‫حطوخًٛخ‬ ‫حُٞحؿذ‬ َ٤‫حُظيحر‬ ‫طلي٣ي‬
‫اٗو‬ ٝ ‫حُليع‬ ‫كٔخ٣ش‬ ٕ‫ُ٠ٔخ‬ًٙ‫خ‬.»
،ْٜ‫ٓالٓظ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٝحُللخظ‬ ‫حألكيحع‬ ٞ‫رؼ‬ ‫هطٍٞس‬ ٢‫٣َحػ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حُـي٣ي‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫٣لض‬ ُْٝ
٢‫ك‬ ،‫رلغ‬ ٚ‫كو‬ ٢‫ك‬ ١َ‫٣ـ‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫رخُليع‬ ‫حالكظلخظ‬ ‫آٌخٗ٤ش‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ٢‫ُ٠خر‬ ٠‫كؤػط‬
‫رٌٜح‬ َٔ‫٣ؼ‬ ‫ٝال‬ .‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ‫ٓٞحكوش‬ ‫رؼي‬ ‫حُ٘ظَ٣ش‬ ‫حُلَحٓش‬ ‫ٓيس‬ ُٝ‫طظـخ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ُٔيس‬ ٜٚ‫ٓو‬ ٕ‫ٌٓخ‬
‫اًح‬ ‫اال‬ ‫حإلؿَحء‬.‫ًُي‬ ٢٠‫طوظ‬ ‫حُزلغ‬ ‫ٍَٟٝس‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫ٓالٓظ‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫ألُٝ٤خث‬ ‫حُليع‬ ْ٤ِٔ‫ط‬ ٌٍ‫طؼ‬
‫(حُٔخىس‬ ‫حُليع‬ ‫ا٣ٌحء‬ ١‫ُظلخى‬ ‫حُالُٓش‬ َ٤‫حُظيحر‬ ًَ ٌ‫٣ظو‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ٢‫ٟخر‬ ٠ِ‫ٝػ‬
571.)
ْٜ٘ٓ ُٝ‫٣ظـخ‬ ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫حألكيحع‬ ‫رب٣يحع‬ ‫حٓظؼ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫رٜلش‬ ‫ٓٔق‬ ،ٍ‫حإل١خ‬ ْ‫ٗل‬ ٢‫ٝك‬23‫ٓ٘ش‬
‫حُظ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٕ‫أ‬ َٜ‫ظ‬ ‫اًح‬ ،ٖ‫رخُٔـ‬ٌٙٛ ٢‫ٝك‬ .َٙ٤‫ؿ‬ َ‫آه‬ َ٤‫طير‬ ١‫أ‬ ً‫حطوخ‬ ٍ‫حٓظلخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ١ٍَٟٝ َ٤‫ير‬
ٝ‫أ‬ ًِٚٞٓ ‫٣ٜيى‬ ‫هي‬ ٖٓ ‫ٓغ‬ ٚ١‫حهظال‬ ّ‫ٝػي‬ ‫حُليع‬ ‫كَٓش‬ ٕٞٛ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ َٙ‫ك‬ ‫حُلخُش‬
،‫حَُٗيحء‬ ‫ٟٝغ‬ ًٖ‫أٓخ‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٍِٝ‫ٓؼ‬ ٙ‫هخ‬ ‫ؿ٘خف‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٕ‫ٌٓخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ‫ر‬ ‫رخالكظلخظ‬ ‫ًُٝي‬ ٚ‫ٓالٓظ‬
‫(حُٔخىس‬ ٕ‫حإلٌٓخ‬ ‫كٔذ‬ َ٤ُِ‫رخ‬ ً‫ح‬‫ٓ٘لَى‬ ٚ‫ٝاروخث‬584.)
‫ح‬ ‫ٝاًح‬ٕ‫كب‬ ،‫حُـخٗق‬ ‫حُليع‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ُِلَ٣ش‬ ‫ٓخُزش‬ ‫رؼوٞرش‬ ٌْ‫ك‬ ٍ‫اٛيح‬ ‫حُ٠ٍَٝس‬ ‫هظ٠ض‬
ٞ‫طول‬ ‫ُِـَ٣ٔش‬ ‫حُٔوٍَس‬ ‫حُؼوٞرش‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫ًٔخ‬ .ً‫خ‬ٛ‫هخ‬ ً‫ال‬٤ِ‫طؼ‬ ‫ٓوٍَٛخ‬ َ٤ِ‫رظؼ‬ ‫ِِٓٓش‬ ٌٕٞ‫ط‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬
ٖٓ ٖ‫حُٔـ‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫طِ٣ي‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٕٝ‫ى‬ ‫حُٜ٘ق‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬21٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫ٓ٘ٞحص‬26‫حُٔوٍَس‬ ‫حُؼوٞرش‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫ٓ٘ش‬
‫أ‬ ‫حُٔئري‬ ٖ‫حُٔـ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ّ‫حإلػيح‬ ٢ٕٛ‫(حُٔخىطخ‬ ‫ٓ٘ش‬ ٖ٤‫ػالػ‬ ‫ُٔيس‬ ٖ‫حُٔـ‬ ٝ593ٝ5:4.)
ْ‫ط‬ ٠‫ٓظ‬ ٚ‫رَػخ٣ظ‬ ‫حٌُِٔلش‬ ‫حُٜ٤جش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُليع‬ ‫ػخثِش‬ ٍ‫اٗؼخ‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٝأٝؿذ‬
‫(حُٔخىس‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ ٚ‫ر‬ ‫حالكظلخظ‬571‫(حُٔخىس‬ ٚ‫ٓظخرؼظ‬ ‫طٔض‬ ‫اًح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ )586َ٣َ‫طو‬ ٝ‫أ‬ )
‫(حُٔخىس‬ ٚ‫كو‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔلَٝٓش‬ ‫حُلَ٣ش‬ ّ‫ٗظخ‬611.)
‫أٝؿذ‬ ‫ًٔخ‬‫ٝكخكع‬ ،‫حَُٗيحء‬ ٖ٤ٜٔ‫حُٔظ‬ ٖٓ ٚ‫ٓؼ‬ ٖ٤ٔٛ‫حُٔٔخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫ًَٗخث‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٚ‫ه٠٤ظ‬ َٜ‫ك‬
‫(حُٔٞحى‬ ْٜ‫ر‬ ٙ‫حُوخ‬ ٢ُ‫حُؼي‬ َ‫حُٔـ‬ ‫ٝهٜٞٛ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔـالص‬ ‫َٝٓ٣ش‬ ‫حألكيحع‬ ‫ؿِٔخص‬ ‫َٓ٣ش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬
572ٝ587ٝ589ٝ616ٝ617ٝ618.)
،‫رخألكيحع‬ ‫حٌُِٔلش‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٜ٤جخص‬ ‫ٓوٍَحص‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ ‫١َم‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ًٌُي‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٚٗٝ
ٟ‫هخ‬ ٌٖٓٝ‫كن‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫رٜخ‬ ٍٞٓ‫حُٔؤ‬ َ٤‫حُظيحر‬ َ٤٤‫طـ‬ ٖٓ ‫رخألكيحع‬ ‫حٌُِٔق‬ ٍ‫حُٔٔظ٘خ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حألكيحع‬ ٢
‫(حُٔخىس‬ ٚ‫ِٜٓلظ‬ ‫ًُي‬ ‫حهظ٠ض‬ ‫ًِٔخ‬ ‫حُليع‬612.)‫رؼيٛخ‬ ‫ٝٓخ‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٜٗض‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ‫حُليع‬ ‫ُلخثيس‬ ‫حُٔوٍَس‬ ‫حُلٔخ٣ش‬ ٚ‫أٝؿ‬ ٖٓٝ577ٕ‫ر٤خ‬ َ٘ٗ ‫ٓ٘غ‬ ٍٞ‫ك‬
ٍٓ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚٗ ًَ َ٘ٗ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُألكيحع‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٜ٤جخص‬ ‫ؿِٔخص‬ ٖ‫ػ‬‫رٜٞ٣ش‬ ‫طظؼِن‬ ‫ٍٛٞس‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ْ
‫رؤ٣ش‬ ‫حُليع‬ ْٓ‫ال‬ ٚ٤‫ك‬ ‫حإلٗخٍس‬ ٕٝ‫ى‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ َ٘٘‫ر‬ ‫حُٔٔخف‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ،ٖ٤‫حُـخٗل‬ ‫حألكيحع‬ ‫ٝٗوٜ٤ش‬
.ٚ‫ٛٞ٣ظ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُظؼَف‬ ٖٓ ٌٖٔ‫ط‬ ‫اٗخٍس‬
ْٛ‫أ‬ َ‫ُٝؼ‬ ،ْٜ‫ٝكٔخ٣ظ‬ ًِْٜٞٓ ْ٣ٞ‫ٝطو‬ ‫حألكيحع‬ ‫ٍػخ٣ش‬ ٠‫طٞه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٕ‫كب‬ ّٞٔ‫حُؼ‬ ٠ِ‫ٝػ‬
‫حُٔٞحى‬ ٚ‫ط٠ٔ٘ظ‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ‫حُزخد‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ‫ٓٔظـيحط‬623٠ُ‫ا‬628‫كٔخ٣ش‬ ‫ً٤ل٤ش‬ ْ٤‫رظ٘ظ‬ ‫حٛظٔض‬ ٢‫حُظ‬
ً‫خ‬٤َٓ‫ؿ‬ ً‫ال‬‫كؼ‬ ‫حٍطٌزٞح‬ ‫هي‬ ‫ٛئالء‬ ٌٕٞ٣ ٕ‫أ‬ ٕٝ‫ى‬ ‫ًُٝي‬ ،‫ٛؼزش‬ ‫ٟٝؼ٤ش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٖ٣‫حُٔٞؿٞى‬ ٍ‫حأل١لخ‬

18. -29-
ٝ‫أ‬ ْٜ‫ٛلظ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ْٜ‫طَر٤ظ‬ ‫طٜيى‬ ‫ظَٝف‬ َ‫رلؼ‬ ٕٝ‫٣ٞؿي‬ ‫ٝاٗٔخ‬ ،٢َٓ‫ؿ‬ َ‫ُلؼ‬ ‫ٟل٤ش‬ ‫ًخٗٞح‬ ‫ٝال‬
.‫حالٗلَحف‬ ‫كخكش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ْٜ‫أهاله‬
‫ػ‬ َ‫٣و‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫حُليع‬ ‫ُلخثيس‬ ‫ٓوٍَس‬ ‫حُلٔخ٣ش‬ ٌٙٛٝٚ‫ٓالٓظ‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫ٓ٘ش‬ ‫ػَ٘س‬ ‫ٓض‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ َٙٔ
ٙ‫رؤٗوخ‬ ٚ١‫حهظال‬ ‫ؿَحء‬ ٖٓ َ‫ُِوط‬ ‫ٓؼَٟش‬ ٚ‫طَر٤ظ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫أهاله‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُ٘لٔ٤ش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حٌُٛ٘٤ش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُزيٗ٤ش‬
،‫حإلؿَحٓ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔٞحرن‬ ١ًٝ ٖٓ ٝ‫أ‬ ْٜ‫ٓ٤َط‬ ‫رٔٞء‬ ٖ٤‫ٓؼَٝك‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُالٗلَحف‬ ٖ٤َٟ‫ٓؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٖ٤‫ٓ٘لَك‬
ٓ ٍ‫حُلَح‬ ‫حػظخى‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫أُٝ٤خث‬ ‫ِٓطش‬ ٖٓ ً‫خ‬‫ٓخٍه‬ ‫حُليع‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ٤ُٝ ‫اهخٓش‬ َ‫ٛـ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫ٓيٍٓظ‬ ٖ
.ٚ‫ر‬ َ‫٣ٔظو‬ ‫ٛخُق‬ ٕ‫ٌٓخ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ َ‫٣ظٞك‬ ‫٣ؼي‬ ُْ
َ‫أًؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُٞحكي‬ ‫ٛؼزش‬ ‫ٟٝؼ٤ش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔٞؿٞى‬ ‫حُليع‬ ‫٣و٠غ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حألكيحع‬ ٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬ ‫ٝ٣لن‬
‫حُز٘ٞى‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ َ٤‫حُظيحر‬ ٖٓ2ٝ4ٝ5ٝ6ٝ7‫حُٔخىس‬ ٖٓ582.
‫انؼمٕثخ‬ ‫رطجٛك‬ ‫يجبل‬ ٙ‫ف‬ ‫انمضبء‬ ‫حضٕر‬ 8ً‫ب‬‫طبثؼ‬
ُٔٔ‫ح‬ ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬ ٕ‫ا‬‫ُٔ٘ش‬ ‫طَس‬2:6:.‫حُؼوٞرش‬ ‫ططز٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ْٜ‫ط‬ ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ ١‫أ‬ ٖٔ٠‫٣ظ‬ ‫ال‬
٢‫ك‬ ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ ‫ػٜي‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫حُؼوٞرش‬ ‫ططز٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ‫ٓئٓٔش‬ ‫حُـي٣ي‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫أكيع‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ‫ُٝظيحٍى‬
ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ ‫اىٓخؽ‬ ‫ربػخىس‬ ‫طٔٔق‬ ‫رٌ٤ل٤ش‬ ‫حُؼوٞرش‬ ٌ٤‫ط٘ل‬ ‫ُظظزغ‬ ‫رخهظٜخٛخص‬ ‫حرظيحث٤ش‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬ ًَ
٤‫ٛالك‬ ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ ‫أٓ٘يص‬ ‫ٝهي‬ .‫حُٔـظٔغ‬ ٢‫ك‬;‫ر٤ٜ٘خ‬ ٖٓ ‫خص‬
-‫حألهَ؛‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ َٜٗ ًَ ‫َٓس‬ ‫حُٔـ٘٤ش‬ ‫حُٔئٓٔخص‬ ‫ُ٣خٍس‬
-‫٣ظؼِن‬ ‫ك٤ٔخ‬ ‫ٝطٔ٤٤َٛخ‬ ‫حُٔـ٘٤ش‬ ‫حُٔئٓٔخص‬ ْ٤‫رظ٘ظ‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ططز٤ن‬ ٟ‫ٓي‬ ‫طظزغ‬
‫حُظؤى٣ذ؛‬ ‫اؿَحءحص‬ ‫ٓالٓش‬ ‫َٝٓحهزش‬ ‫حُٔـ٘خء‬ ‫ٝكوٞم‬ ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬ ‫روخٗٞٗ٤ش‬
-ًْ‫حُٔلخ‬ ‫١َف‬ ٖٓ ‫رٜخ‬ ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ ‫حُؼوٞرخص‬ ٌ٤‫ط٘ل‬ ‫ٟٝؼ٤ش‬ ‫طظزغ‬‫هخٛش‬ ‫رطخهخص‬ ‫ٝٓٔي‬
‫رخُٔـ٘خء؛‬
-‫حالػظوخٍ؛‬ ‫ٓـالص‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حإل١الع‬
-‫ٝحُؼلٞ؛‬ ١َٝ٘‫ر‬ ‫حُٔو٤ي‬ ‫حإلكَحؽ‬ ٍٞ‫ك‬ ‫ٓوظَكخص‬ ْ٣‫طوي‬
-.٢ٗ‫حُزي‬ ٙ‫رخإلًَح‬ ‫حُٔظؼِوش‬ ‫حإلؿَحءحص‬ ‫ٓالٓش‬ ٖٓ ‫حُظؤًي‬
‫ٝٛ٤خٗش‬ ‫حُيكخع‬ ‫كوٞم‬ ‫ٟٔخٗخص‬ ْ٤‫طيػ‬ ‫حُؼوٞرش‬ ‫ططز٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ‫ٓئٓٔش‬ ‫اكيحع‬ ٢‫ك‬ َ‫ُٝؼ‬
ُ‫ا‬ ‫رخإلٟخكش‬ َ‫حُٔؼظو‬ ‫ًَحٓش‬.ٌْ‫حُل‬ ٍٝ‫ٛي‬ ‫رؼي‬ ‫ُٔخ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٌّٞ‫ُِٔل‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حُلٔخ٣ش‬ ٍ‫حٓظَٔح‬ ٠
ٌْ‫حُل‬ ٍٝ‫ٛي‬ ‫رٔـَى‬ ٢ٜ‫ط٘ظ‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ْٜ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٌّٞ‫رخُٔل‬ ‫حُو٠خء‬ ‫ِٛش‬ ٕ‫أل‬ ٢‫ح٣ـخر‬ ‫ٗ٢ء‬ ٞٛٝ
ٕ‫(حُٔخىطخ‬ ١ٍ‫اىح‬ ُ‫ؿٜخ‬ ‫ر٤ي‬ ٌٙ٤‫ط٘ل‬ ‫ُ٤ٜزق‬6:7ٝ751.)
ِ‫ػ‬ ٢ُ‫اؿٔخ‬ ٌَ٘‫ر‬ ‫كخكع‬ ٚٗ‫كب‬ ،‫حُـي٣ي‬ ٕٞٗ‫ُِوخ‬ ‫حُؼَ٣٠ش‬ ١ٞ‫حُوط‬ ْٛ‫أ‬ ٌٙٛ ‫ًخٗض‬ ‫ٝاًح‬ْٛ‫أ‬ ٠
ٜٙٞٗ ٌَٗ ٢‫ك‬ ‫أٓخٓ٤ش‬ ‫ه٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حؿظٜخىحص‬ ‫ػيس‬ ‫ٍٝٓن‬ ٕ‫حإلٗٔخ‬ ‫كوٞم‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حٌُٔظٔزخص‬
‫حُٔٞحػ٤ن‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ٚ٘‫ط‬ ‫ًٔخ‬ ‫حُؼخىُش‬ ‫حُٔلخًٔش‬ ‫طوظ٠٤ٜخ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُ٠ٔخٗخص‬ ‫ًخكش‬ ٍِٞ‫ٝر‬ ،‫هخٗٞٗ٤ش‬
.‫حُيُٝ٤ش‬
‫ٝٛ٤خؿظٜخ‬ ٚ‫ٓوظ٠٤خط‬ ‫طزٞ٣ذ‬ ٖ٤ٔ‫طل‬ ‫حٓظٜيف‬ ‫حُـي٣ي‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٕ‫كخ‬ ‫حٌُِ٘٤ش‬ ‫حُ٘خك٤ش‬ ٖٓٝ
.‫ٝحٟلش‬ ‫ٛ٤خؿش‬

19. -2:-
٘‫انزًٓٛذ‬ ‫انكزبة‬
‫انجزاءح‬ ‫لزُٚخ‬ 8‫األٔل‬ ‫انجبة‬
2
ٍَ‫رٔو‬ ً‫خ‬ٗٞٗ‫هخ‬ ٚ‫اىحٗظ‬ ‫طؼزض‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫رَ٣جخ‬ َ‫٣ؼظز‬ ‫ؿَ٣ٔش‬ ‫رخٍطٌخد‬ ٚ٤‫ك‬ ٚ‫ٓ٘ظز‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ْٜ‫ٓظ‬ ًَ
‫حُ٠ٔخٗخص‬ ًَ ‫ك٤ٜخ‬ َ‫طظٞك‬ ‫ػخىُش‬ ‫ٓلخًٔش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬ ،ٚ‫ر‬ ٢٠‫حُٔو‬ ‫حُ٘٢ء‬ ‫ُوٞس‬ ‫ٌٓظٔذ‬
‫حُوخٗٞٗ٤ش‬5
.
َٔ‫٣ل‬.ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ‫ُلخثيس‬ ‫حُ٘ي‬
‫انًذَٛخ‬ ٖٕ‫ٔانذػ‬ ‫انؼًٕيٛخ‬ ٖٕ‫انذػ‬ ‫إلبيخ‬ 8َٙ‫انضب‬ ‫انجبة‬
0
‫٣ظَطذ‬ٖ‫ػ‬ًَ‫ؿَ٣ٔش‬‫حُلن‬٢‫ك‬‫اهخٓش‬ٟٞ‫ىػ‬‫ػٔٞٓ٤ش‬‫ُظطز٤ن‬٢‫ك‬ ‫ٝحُلن‬ ‫حُؼوٞرخص‬‫اهخٓش‬
‫ٓيٗ٤ش‬ ٟٞ‫ىػ‬ٞ٣ٞ‫رخُظؼ‬ ‫ُِٔطخُزش‬ٖ‫ػ‬ٍَ٠ُ‫ح‬١ٌُ‫ح‬‫طٔززض‬ٚ٤‫ك‬.‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬
‫انؼًٕيٛخ‬ ٖٕ‫انذػ‬ 8‫انضبنش‬ ‫انجبة‬
1
ٍّ‫طٔخ‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬‫ٟي‬َ‫حُلخػ‬٢ِٛ‫حأل‬‫ُِـَ٣ٔش‬ٖ٤ٔٛ‫ٝحُٔٔخ‬ٖ٤ًٍ‫ٝحُٔ٘خ‬٢‫ك‬
.‫حٍطٌخرٜخ‬
ْ٤‫٣و‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬‫ٝ٣ٔخٍٜٓخ‬ ‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ‫ه٠خس‬ٕٞ‫حُٔٞظل‬ ‫٣و٤ٜٔخ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ‫ًٔخ‬ ،‫حُؼخٓش‬
ٕٞ‫حٌُِٔل‬‫رٌُي‬.ً‫خ‬ٗٞٗ‫هخ‬
ٌٖٔ٣ٕ‫أ‬‫٣و٤ٜٔخ‬‫حُطَف‬ٍَ٠‫حُٔظ‬‫١زوخ‬١َُِٝ٘‫حُٔليىس‬٢‫ك‬.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬
‫اًح‬ٍٞٓ‫ٓؤ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٕٞ‫ػ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٢ٓٞٔ‫ػ‬ ‫ٓٞظق‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٝ‫هخ‬ ‫كن‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ ‫أه٤ٔض‬
.‫ٌُِِٔٔش‬ ٢‫حُو٠خث‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫اهخٓظٜخ‬ ‫كظزِؾ‬ ،‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ‫حُوٞس‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُِِٔطش‬
2
٢‫طٔو‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫رٔٞص‬‫ٝر٘ٔن‬ َٓ‫حُ٘خ‬ ٞ‫ٝرخُؼل‬ ّ‫ٝرخُظوخى‬ ،‫حُٔظخرغ‬
،َ‫حُلؼ‬ َّ‫طـ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔوظ٠٤خص‬‫ٓو‬ ٍٝ‫ٝرٜي‬‫حًظٔذ‬ ٍَ‫هٞس‬.ٚ‫ر‬ ٢٠‫حُٔو‬ ‫حُ٘٢ء‬
‫ػ٘يٓخ‬ ‫رخُِٜق‬ ٢‫ٝطٔو‬ٚ٘٣‫َٛحكش‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬.‫ًُي‬
5-‫حُلوَس‬ َ‫حٗظ‬5َٖٜٓ‫حُل‬34ٍٖٓٞ‫حُيٓظ‬‫حُـي٣ي‬‫حُزَحءس‬ ‫هَ٣٘ش‬ " ;ٝٞٔ٠ٓ ‫ػخىُش‬ ‫ٓلخًٔش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُلن‬."ٕ‫ٗخ‬

20. -31-
‫ٓخ‬ ،‫ُِٔظخرؼش‬ ً‫خ‬٣ٍَٟٝ ً‫خ‬١َٗ ‫حٌُ٘خ٣ش‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ‫اًح‬ ،ٚ‫ٌٗخ٣ظ‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٢ٌ‫حُٔ٘ظ‬ ٍُ‫رظ٘خ‬ ‫أ٣٠خ‬ ٢‫طٔو‬
.‫ًُي‬ ‫هالف‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٚ٘٣ ُْ
36
‫ًُي‬ ‫هالف‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫هخٛش‬ ٖ٤ٗ‫هٞح‬ ٚ٘‫ط‬ ُْ ‫ٓخ‬ ،‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ ّ‫طظوخى‬;ٍَٝٔ‫ر‬
-‫ٓ٘ش‬ ‫ػَ٘س‬ ْٔ‫ه‬‫حُـ٘خ٣ش؛‬ ‫حٍطٌخد‬ ّٞ٣ ٖٓ ‫طزظية‬ ‫ًخِٓش‬ ‫ٓ٤الى٣ش‬
-‫ٓ٘ٞحص‬ ‫أٍرغ‬‫حُـ٘لش؛‬ ‫حٍطٌخد‬ ّٞ٣ ٖٓ ‫طزظية‬ ‫ًخِٓش‬ ‫ٓ٤الى٣ش‬
-‫ٓ٘ش‬.‫حُٔوخُلش‬ ‫حٍطٌخد‬ ّٞ٣ ٖٓ ‫طزظية‬ ‫ًخِٓش‬ ‫ٓ٤الى٣ش‬
ُٚٞٛ‫أ‬ ‫أكي‬ ٚ‫كو‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ‫حٍطٌز‬ ٢َٓ‫ؿ‬ ‫الػظيحء‬ َٝ‫ٝطؼ‬ ً‫ح‬َٛ‫هخ‬ ‫حُ٠ل٤ش‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬ ٚٗ‫أ‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬
ُٚ ٖٓ ٝ‫أ‬‫حُٔيس‬ ْ‫ُ٘ل‬ ‫ؿي٣ي‬ ٖٓ ٕ‫حَُٔ٣خ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫٣زيأ‬ ّ‫حُظوخى‬ ‫أٓي‬ ٕ‫كب‬ ،‫ِٓطش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ًلخُش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٍػخ٣ش‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬
.٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ ‫حَُٗي‬ ٖٓ ‫حُ٠ل٤ش‬ ‫رِٞؽ‬ ‫طخٍ٣ن‬ ٖٓ ‫حرظيحء‬
ٝ‫أ‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫طوخىٜٓخ‬ ّ‫ػي‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٚ٘٣ ٢‫حُظ‬ ْ‫حُـَحث‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫حُ٘خٗجش‬ ‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ ّ‫طظوخى‬ ‫ال‬
َ٘ٗ ْ‫ٝط‬ ‫حُٔـَر٤ش‬ ‫حٌُِٔٔش‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ‫ٛخىهض‬ ‫ىُٝ٤ش‬ ‫حطلخه٤ش‬.‫حَُٓٔ٤ش‬ ‫رخُـَ٣يس‬ ‫ٛخ‬
47
ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ ّ‫طوخى‬ ‫أٓي‬ ‫٣٘وطغ‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔظخرؼش‬ ‫اؿَحءحص‬ ٖٓ ‫اؿَحء‬ ٌَ‫ر‬ ‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬
ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حُِٔطش‬ ٚ‫ر‬ ّٞ‫طو‬ ‫حُٔلخًٔش‬،ٚ‫ر‬ َٓ‫طؤ‬.ّ‫ُِظوخى‬ ‫هخ١ؼخ‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ َٙ‫٣ؼظز‬ ‫اؿَحء‬ ٌَ‫ٝر‬
‫ربؿَحءحص‬ ‫٣وٜي‬‫٣ظَطذ‬ ‫اؿَحء‬ ًَ ،‫حُٔخىس‬ ٌٙٛ ّٜٞ‫ٓل‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔظخرؼش‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ ‫ٍكغ‬ ٚ٘‫ػ‬
٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ٌْ‫حُل‬ ‫ٛ٤جش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ‫ٛ٤جش‬.
‫ربؿَحءحص‬ ‫٣وٜي‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٍ‫ٛخى‬ ‫اؿَحء‬ ًَ ،‫حُٔخىس‬ ٌٙٛ ّٜٞ‫ٓل‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬
‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ‫َٓكِش‬ ٍ‫هال‬‫حٌُظخد‬ ٖٓ ‫حُؼخُغ‬ ْٔ‫حُو‬ ‫ُٔوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫ٝكوخ‬ ٢ِ٤ٌٔ‫حُظ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ١‫حإلػيحى‬
ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ ٍٝ‫حأل‬.
ً‫حُٔلخ‬ ‫ربؿَحءحص‬ ‫٣وٜي‬ٍ‫هال‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ٌٙ‫طظو‬ ‫اؿَحء‬ ًَ ،‫حُٔخىس‬ ٌٙٛ ّٜٞ‫ٓل‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ٔش‬
.ٟٞ‫ُِيػ‬ ‫ىٍحٓظٜخ‬
‫ًٌُي‬ ‫حالٗوطخع‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ١َٔ٣‫حُٔظخرؼش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ‫اؿَحء‬ ِْٜٔ٘٣ ُْ ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬ ٙ‫ُألٗوخ‬ ‫رخُ٘ٔزش‬
.‫حُٔلخًٔش‬ ٝ‫أ‬
١َٔ٣َ‫أؿ‬‫ؿي٣ي‬ّ‫ُِظوخى‬‫حرظيحء‬ٖٓ‫طخٍ٣ن‬َ‫آه‬‫اؿَحء‬‫حٗوطغ‬ٚ‫ر‬،ٙ‫أٓي‬ٌٕٞ‫ٝط‬ٚ‫ٓيط‬
‫ٓٔخٝ٣ش‬‫ُِٔيس‬‫حُٔليىس‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔخىس‬.‫حُٔخروش‬
6-ْ٤ٔ‫ٝطظ‬ َ٤٤‫طـ‬ ْ‫ط‬‫حُٔخىس‬6ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ ‫حُؼخٗ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ٙ‫أػال‬46.22ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ْ٤ٔ‫ٝطظ‬ َ٤٤‫رظـ‬ ٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬
ْ‫ٍه‬33.12ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫حَُ٘٣ق‬ َ٤ٜ‫حُظ‬ ٌٙ٤‫رظ٘ل‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ ،‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫رخُٔٔطَس‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬2.22.27:‫رظخٍ٣ن‬2:ٖٓ‫حُوؼيس‬ ١ً
2543(28َ‫أًظٞر‬3122،)‫ػي‬ ‫حَُٓٔ٤ش‬ ‫حُـَ٣يس‬‫ى‬6::1‫رظخٍ٣ن‬3:‫حُوؼيس‬ ًٝ2543(38َ‫أًظٞر‬3122،)ٙ
6346.
7-ْ٤ٔ‫ٝطظ‬ َ٤٤‫طـ‬ ْ‫ط‬‫حُٔخىس‬7ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ ‫حُؼخٗ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ٙ‫أػال‬46.22.ًٌَُ‫ح‬ ‫ٓخُق‬ ،

21. -32-
ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫طَؿغ‬ ‫اهخٓظٜخ‬ ‫حٓظلخُش‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫ك٤ٔخ‬ ‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ ّ‫طوخى‬ ‫ٓيس‬ ‫طظٞهق‬
.ٚٔ‫ٗل‬
ٖٓ ٢‫رو‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ١ٝ‫طٔخ‬ ‫ُٔيس‬ ‫حالٓظلخُش‬ ٚ٤‫ك‬ ‫طَطلغ‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ّٞ٤ُ‫ح‬ ٖٓ ‫حرظيحء‬ ‫ؿي٣ي‬ ٖٓ ّ‫حُظوخى‬ ‫٣زيأ‬
.ٚ‫طٞهل‬ ‫ٝهض‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٙ‫أٓي‬
‫انًذَٛخ‬ ٖٕ‫انذػ‬ 8‫انزاثغ‬ ‫انجبة‬
5
‫٣َؿغ‬‫حُلن‬٢‫ك‬‫اهخٓش‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬‫حُ٘خطؾ‬ ٍَ٠ُ‫ح‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٞ٣ٞ‫ُِظؼ‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫ؿ٘لش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ؿ٘خ٣ش‬
ٝ‫أ‬،‫ٓوخُلش‬ٌََُٖٓٝ‫طؼ‬ٍَ٠ُ ً‫خ‬٤ٜ‫ٗو‬٢ٗ‫ؿٔٔخ‬ٝ‫أ‬١‫ٓخى‬ٝ‫أ‬١ٞ٘‫ٓؼ‬‫طٔززض‬ٚ٤‫ك‬‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬
.‫ٓزخَٗس‬
‫هي‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ‫اًح‬ ،ً‫خ‬٤ٗ‫ٓي‬ ً‫خ‬‫١َك‬ ‫ط٘ظٜذ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫ػخٓش‬ ‫ٓ٘لؼش‬ ‫ًحص‬ ‫أٜٗخ‬ ِٖ‫حُٔؼ‬ ‫ُِـٔؼ٤خص‬ ٌٖٔ٣
٘ٓ ‫أٍرغ‬ ٌ٘ٓ ‫هخٗٞٗ٤ش‬ ‫رٜلش‬ ‫طؤٓٔض‬‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ًُٝي‬ ،٢َٓ‫حُـ‬ َ‫حُلؼ‬ ‫حٍطٌخد‬ َ‫هز‬ َ‫حأله‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٞحص‬
ٍ‫ٓـخ‬ ْٔ‫ط‬ ‫ؿَ٣ٔش‬ ٕ‫ر٘ؤ‬ ٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ ‫حُطَف‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ َ‫هز‬ ٖٓ ‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ ‫اهخٓش‬
.٢ٓ‫حألٓخ‬ ‫هخٜٗٞٗخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫حٛظٔخٜٓخ‬
ٌٖٔ٣‫ُِيُٝش‬‫ُِٝـٔخػخص‬‫حُٔلِ٤ش‬ٕ‫أ‬ّ‫طظوي‬‫رٜلظٜخ‬‫١َكخ‬،‫ٓيٗ٤خ‬‫َٓطٌذ‬ ‫ُٔطخُزش‬‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬
ٕ‫رؤ‬‫٣َى‬‫حُٔزخُؾ‬ ‫ُٜخ‬٢‫حُظ‬‫١ِذ‬‫ٜٓ٘خ‬‫ىكؼٜخ‬ٖ٤‫ُٔٞظل‬١ٌُٝ ٝ‫أ‬ْٜ‫كوٞه‬‫١زوخ‬ٕٞٗ‫ُِوخ‬١ٍ‫حُـخ‬ٚ‫ر‬
.َٔ‫حُؼ‬
6
ٌٖٔ٣ٕ‫أ‬ّ‫طوخ‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬‫ٟي‬ٖ٤ِ‫حُلخػ‬ٝ‫أ‬ ٖ٤٤ِٛ‫حأل‬ٖ٤ٔٛ‫حُٔٔخ‬ٝ‫أ‬ٖ٤ًٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬٢‫ك‬
‫حٍطٌخد‬‫ٟٝي‬ ،‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ْٜ‫ٍٝػظ‬ٝ‫أ‬ٙ‫حألٗوخ‬ٖ٤ُٝ‫حُٔٔئ‬ً‫خ‬٤ٗ‫ٓي‬.ْٜ٘‫ػ‬
7
ٌٖٔ٣‫اهخٓش‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬ٟٞ‫ٝحُيػ‬‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬٢‫ك‬ٕ‫آ‬‫ٝحكي‬ّ‫أٓخ‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬‫حُِؿَ٣ش‬
‫حُٔلخُش‬‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬.‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬
ٚ‫طوظ‬ٌٙٛ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬‫ٓٞحء‬ٕ‫ًخ‬ٍٝ‫حُٔٔئ‬ٖ‫ػ‬ٍَ٠ُ‫ح‬‫ٗوٜخ‬‫ًحط٤خ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ٓؼ٘ٞ٣خ‬‫هخٟؼخ‬
ٕٞٗ‫ُِوخ‬‫ًٔخ‬ .٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ٚ‫طوظ‬٢‫ك‬ َ‫رخُ٘ظ‬‫حُو٠خ٣خ‬‫حُٔ٘ٔٞرش‬ٙ‫ألٗوخ‬ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ّ‫حُؼخ‬٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬‫ٓخ‬
‫اًح‬‫ًخٗض‬ٟٞ‫ىػ‬‫حُٔٔئُٝ٤ش‬‫ٗخطـش‬ٖ‫ػ‬ٍَٟ‫طٔززض‬ٚ٤‫ك‬‫ٝٓ٤ِش‬َٖٓ‫ٝٓخث‬.َ‫حُ٘و‬
22
ٌٖٔ٣‫اهخٓش‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬‫ٓ٘لِٜش‬ ،‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬ٖ‫ػ‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬،‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ٟ‫ُي‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬
.‫حُٔوظٜش‬
َ٤‫ؿ‬ٚٗ‫أ‬‫٣ـذ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫طٞهق‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬‫حُزض‬٢‫ك‬ٌٟٙٛٞ‫حُيػ‬٠ُ‫ا‬ٕ‫أ‬ٍ‫٣ٜي‬ٌْ‫ك‬٢‫ٜٗخث‬
٢‫ك‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬.‫اهخٓظٜخ‬ ‫طٔض‬ ‫هي‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ‫اًح‬