male pelvic viscera

1. Lecturer: Dante Roel Fernandez RT, M.D.

2. A firm mobile organ lying within the scrotum, with

the left usually lying at a lower level than the right.
Surrounded by a tough fibrous capsule, the tunica

albuginea.
From the inner surface of the capsule is a series of

fibrous septa that divides the interior of the organ
into lobules.
Lying within each lobule are one to three coiled

seminiferous tubules. The tubules open into a
network of channels called the rete testis. Small
efferent ductules connect the rete testis to the
upper end of the epididymis. Normal

4. A firm structure lying posterior to the testis, with

the vas deferens lying on its medial side. It has an
expanded pper end, the head, a body, and a
pointed tail inferiorly laterally.
The epididymis is much-coiled tube nearly 20 feet

(6cm) long, embedded in connective tissue.
A tube called the vas deferens emerges from the tail

of the epididymis and enters the spermatic cord.
The long length of the duct of the epididymis

provides storage space for the spermatozoa and
allows them to mature.
One of the main functions of the epididymis is the


6. Blood supply of the testis and epididymis

Supplied by a branch of the abdominal aorta,

the testicular artery.
The testicular veins emerge from the testis

and the epididymis as a venous network, the
pampinifrom plexus. This becomes a single
vein as it ascends through the inguinal canal.
The right testicular vein drains into the
inferior vena cava, while the left drains in the
left renal vein.
Lymphatic drainage of the testis and

epididymis
The lymph vessels ascend in the spermatic


8. A thick-walled tube about 18 inches (45cm) long

that conveys mature sperm from the epididymis
to the ejaculatory duct and urethra.
Arises from the lower end or tail of the

epididymis and passes through the inguinal
canal.
Emerges from the deep inguinal ring and passes

around the lateral margin of the inferior
epigastric artery. It then passes downward and
backward on the lateral wall of the pelvis and
crosses the ureter in the region of the ischial
spine.
The vas deferens then runs medially and

downward on the posterior surface of the
bladder.

10. The seminal vesicle are two lobulated organs

about 2 inches (5cm) long, lying on the posterior
surface of the bladder.
Their upper ends are widely separated, and their

lower ends are close together.
On the medial side of each vesicle lies the

terminal part of the vas deferens.
Posteriorly, the seminal vesicle are related to the

rectum.
Inferiorly, each seminal vesicle narrows and joins

the vas deferens of the same side to form the
ejaculatory duct.
Each seminal vesicle consists of much-coiled

tube embedded in connective tissue. The

12. There are two

ejaculatory ducts; each
formed by union of the
vas deferens and the
duct of the seminal
vesicle.
The ducts pierces the

posterior surface of
the prostate and open
into the prostatic part
of the urethra, close to
the margins of the
prostatic utricle.
Function is to drain

13. A fibro muscular glandular organ shaped like an

inverted cone that surrounds the prostatic urethra.
It is about 1 ¼ inches (3cm) long and lies between

the neck of the bladder above and the urogenital
diaphragm below.
A fibrous capsule surrounds the prostate.

Outside the capsule is a fibrous sheath, which is

part of the visceral layer of pelvic fascia.
The prostate has a base, which superiorly lies

against the bladder neck, and an apex, which lies
inferiorly against the urogenital diaphragm.
The two ejaculatory ducts pierce the upper part of

the posterior surface of the prostate, to open into

15. The prostate is incompletely divided into five

lobes:
Anterior lobe- lies in front of the urethra and is

devoid of glandular tissue.
Median, middle lobe- is the wedge-shaped and

situated between the urethra and the ejaculatory
ducts. Its upper surface is related to the trigone
of the baldder; it is rich in glands.
Posterior lobe- is situated behind the urethra and

below the ejaculatory ducts and also contains
glandular tissue.
Right and left lateral lobes- lie on either side of

the urethra and are separated from one another
by a shallow vertical groove on the posterior
surface of the prostate. The lateral lobes contain
many glands.

17. Relations:

Superiorly- the base of the prostate is

continuous with the neck of the bladder, the
smooth muscle passing without interruption
from one organ to the other. The urethra enters
the center of the base of the prostate.
Inferiorly- the apex of the prostate lies on the

upper surface of the urogenital diaphragm. The
urethra leaves the prostate just above the apex
on the anterior surface.
Anteriorly- the anterior surface of the prostate

is related to the symphysis pubis, separated

18. The fibrous sheath of the prostate is connected

to the posterior aspect of the pubic bones by
the puboprostatic ligaments.
These ligaments lay one on either side of the

midline and are condensations of pelvic fascia.
Posteriorly- the posterior surface of the prostate

is closely related to the anterior surface of the
rectal ampulla and is separated from it by the
rectovesical septum (fascia of Denonvillier).
Blood supply: the arterial supply to the prostate

is from branches of the inferior vesical and
middle rectal arteries. The veins is from the
prostatic venous plexus the prostatic plexus

20. Lymphatic drainage- lymph vessels from the

prostate drain into the internal iliac nodes.
Nerve supply- nerve supply to the prostate is

from the inferior hypogastric plexuses. The
sympathetic nerves stimulate the smooth
muscle of the prostate during ejaculation.
Prostatic urethra-

Is about 1 ½ inches (3cm) long and begins at

the neck of the bladder.
It passes through the prostate from the base

to the apex, where it becomes continuous
with the membranous part of the urethra.

21. On the posterior wall

is a longitudinal ridge
called urethral crest.
On each side of this

ridge is a groove the
prostatic sinus,
prostatic glands open
into this sinus.
On the summit of the

urethral crest is a
depression, prostatic