The document outlines objectives and essentials of newborn care, including: 1) Initiating breathing through proper resuscitation techniques. 2) Maintaining cleanliness of both mother and baby to prevent infections. 3) Providing thermal protection to the baby such as early skin-to-skin contact and kangaroo care.

3. 1. Initiation of breathing - resuscitation 2. Cleanliness: clean delivery for the prevention of infections (tetanus and sepsis) 3. Thermal protection: management of neonatal hypothermia and hyperthermia ESSENTIALS OF NEWBORN CARE

4. 4. Vitamin K prophylaxis: prevention of HDN 5. Eye care: prevention of ophthalmia neonatorum 6. Early feeding ESSENTIALS OF NEWBORN CARE

5. 1. INITIATION OF BREATHING - RESUSCITATION Dry, stimulate and reposition ESSENTIALS OF NEWBORN CARE

6. b. Squeezing the rib cage c. Forcing the thigh into the abdomen d. Dilating anal sphincter e. Blowing cold or room air on face/body a. Use of hot or cold compress HAZARDOUS WAYS OF TACTILE STIMULATION

7. When a newborn is not breathing after birth, URGENT and SKILLED resuscitation is needed immediately

8. a. Rubbing the back b. Flicking of the heel c. Flicking the sole of the foot GENTLE WAYS TO STIMULATE BREATHING

10. 1. Positive pressure with a self-inflating bag and mask using oxygen 2. Room air resuscitation 3. Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation PROPER INITIATION OF BREATHING

11. 1. INITIATION OF BREATHING - RESUSCITATION 2. CLEANLINESS ESSENTIALS OF NEWBORN CARE

12. 1. Clean hand 2. Clean perineum 3. Nothing unclean to be introduced into the vagina 4. Clean delivery surface 5. Cleanliness in cutting the umbilical stump 6. Cleanliness for cord care of the newborn baby 7. Cleanliness of the baby’s skin PRINCIPLES OF CLEANLINESS

13. The initial bath following delivery is rendered only once baby is doing well and the temperature is stable.

14. 1. Keep it dry and clean 2. The stump will easily dry and mummify if exposed to air with without gauze dressing or binder 3. No antiseptics needed PRINCIPLES OF CORD CARE

18. A single dose (1.0 mg) of intramuscular vitamin K after birth is effective in the prevention of classic HDN. Either intramuscular or oral (1.0 mg) vitamin K prophylaxis improves biochemical indices of coagulation status at 1-7 days. Neither intramuscular nor oral vitamin K has been tested in randomized trials with respect to effect on late HDN. Oral vitamin K, either single or multiple dose, has not been tested in randomized trials for its effect on either classic or late HDN. Puckett RM, Offringa M Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009 Issue 1. . VITAMIN K PROPHYLAXIS

20. Erythromycin and t etracycline gained acceptance as prophylactic agents in the 1980's because of their allegedly superior activity against Chlamydia trachomatis and because they lacked some side effects of silver nitrate, such as chemical conjunctivitis. The emergence of beta-lactamase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae has reduced the prophylactic effectiveness of these drugs. Promising results have been found for povidone-iodine as a prophylactic agent. It has many advantages over silver nitrate, erythromycin and tetracycline, including a broader antibacterial spectrum and antifungal property and lack of bacterial resistance. Kapoor VS, Whyte R, LaRoche RR Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009 Issue 1. PREVENTION OF OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM