Surgical diseases of the thyroid gland and parathyroid gland

SURGICAL DISEASES OF THE PARATHYROID GLANDS

Anatomy / Embryology and Physiology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Primary Function is the ENDOCRINE REGULATION OF CALCIUM AND PHOSPHATE METABOLISM. Hormonal Regulation of Calcium and Phosphate metabolism Parathyroid Hormone Vitamin D Calcitonin Gastrointestinal tract No direct effect Stimulates calcium and phosphate absorption No direct effect Skeleton Stimulates calcium and phosphate resorption Stimulates calcium and phosphate transport Inhibits calcium and phosphate resorption Kidneys Stimulates calcium resorption Inhibits phosphate resorption No direct effect Inhibits calcium and phosphate resorption

Feedback loops involved in the regulation of serum calcium and phosphorus (PTH – parathyroid hormone; CT-calcitonin)

PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Three histologic patterns are seen: (primary hyperparthyroidism) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Clinical presentation – primary hyperparathyroidism ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Clinical presentation – primary hyperparathyroidism

Physical examination – primary hyperparathyroidism ,[object Object],[object Object]

Laboratory exam – primary hyperparathyroidism ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Other causes of hypercalcemia include: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Radiologic Examinations: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Medical treatment of hypercalcemic crisis. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Management – primary hyperparathyroidism ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Surgical options – primary hyperparathyroidism ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Localization techniques ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Post-operative care. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Secondary hyperparathyroidism ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

TERTIARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Tertiary hyperparathyroidism ,[object Object]

Surgical diseases of the thyroid gland and parathyroid gland

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Surgical diseases of the thyroid gland and parathyroid gland