Dr. Masoud Olfat, director of RAN Technology & Global Standards, focused on "Software Defined Networks (SDN) and Cloud Computing in 5G Wireless Technologies" during the spirit conference 2014.

1. Software Defined Networks (SDN) and Cloud Computing in 5G
Wireless Technologies
MASOUD OLFAT, PHD

2. 2
Disclaimer
» This presentation provides my personal views, and
does not necessarily represent my company’s
technology positions

3. 3
Outline
1. 4G Technologies
2. 5G Topics
» What is SDN?
» Role of SDN and Cloud in 5G technologies

4. 4
Internet has Become an Indispensible Part of Our Lives
Broadband Service Is Now Viewed As A Necessity Not A Luxury
“How do you expect the current economic conditions to impact your
communications and entertainment spending habits in the next 12 months?”
Switch to cheaper pay-TV service
Cancel sports/movie channels
Disconnect landline phone service
Subscribe to a bundle (voice/broadband/TV)
Disconnect pay-TV service
Downgrade to slower broadband tier
Cancel HDTV package
Cancel DVR service
Upgrade to faster broadband connection
Disconnect broadband service
10%
9%
9%
6%
4%
4%
3%
3%
3%
2% Source: Jupiter Research Economic Downturn Online Consumer Survey

5. 5
Combination of Applications and Devices Result in Significantly
Greater Data Consumption
FuturePresentPast
30 MB/Mo. 1 GB/Mo. 15 GB/Mo.

6. 6
Mobile Broadband Data Traffic worldwide forecast
ExaByte 1,000,000,000,000,000,000
PetaByte 1,000,000,000,000,000
TeraByte 1,000,000,000,000
GigaByte 1,000,000,000
MegaByte 1,000,000
KiloByte 1,000

7. 7
1G to 4G
Technology
Generation
Requirements Comments
1G No official ITU requirements
Analog Technology
Deployed in 1980’s
2G No official ITU requirements.
Digital Technology
First Digital system,
deployed in 1990’s. New
services such as SMS, and
low-rate data.
Primary technologies
include IS-95 CDMA and
GSM
3G ITU’s IMT-2000 required
144Kbps mobile, 384bps
pedestrian, and 2Mbps indoors
Primary technologies
include CDMA2000 1X/EV-
DO, UMTS, HSDPA,
WiMAX, and LTE Rel 8 are
now official IMT-2000
technologies
4G ITU’s IMT-Advanced
requirements include ability to
operate in up to 40MHz radio
channels and with very high
spectral efficiency
IEEE802.16m and LTE-
Advanced were adopted as
IMT-Advanced technologies

8. 8
Why 4G?
4G is needed to accommodate huge traffic growth
Traffic rising /
growth falling
Compared to 2G and 3G, Mobile broadband is gaining momentum from widespread
3.5G deployments, flat rate tariffs, and availability of internet friendly mobiles.

9. 9
Network Architecture Evolution

10. 10
LTE Components

11. 11
Carrier Aggregation
Component Carrier (CC)
Band x Band y
//
(a)
(b)
(c)

12. 12
Heterogeneous Network & Carrier Aggregation.

13. 13
LTE Future Releases

14. 14
Small Cell Enhancement
• Large Bandwidth
Needed
• Low Mobility
• Rich Scattering
• Low Multi-Path
Delay Spread
• Discontinuous
Coverage
• High Degree Of
Isolation Between
Cells
Requirements
• PHY
• New transmission technology, e.g. NCT, dynamic TDD,
256QAM, New Multiple Access Mode
• Denser Network:
• HetNet, Multi-Type/Easy-to-deploy Nodes for
Indoor/Hotspot, e.g. Pico & Femto.
• Larger Bandwidth:
• Expand to higher frequency bands for larger bandwidth
• Higher Layer Aspects
• Signaling And Procedure Optimizations, e.g. Access,
Paging Procedure
• Mobility Enchantement, e.g. LTE-Hi Node Detection
• SON for LTE-Hi
Features

15. 15
Inter-Cell CoMP

16. 16
Device to Device
• LTE Direct
• Proximity-based applications and
services
• low power, autonomous discovery
of instances of applications and
services running in close-by
devices
• Optimized direct communication
• public safety
• Network offloading

17. 17
5G Evolution

18. 18
5G Requirements
» No local or standard body has been assigned to characterize 5G
requirements.
» Expectation: A disruptive change to the existing 4G technologies, with
standardization anticipated to occur between 2016 and 2018, followed
by initial deployments around 2020.
» 3G & 4G Requirements: demand for data services over the Internet.
» 5G Requirements:
» high capacity voice and data applications
» support new emerging traffic types and data services
» machine to-machine (M2M) communications for vertical market applications
such as smart grid, smart homes and cities, and e-health.
» Energy- efficiency and Green communications
» Heterogeneous Networks

19. 19
5G Paths: Evolution & Revolution

20. The 5G Mission and Evolution
• Security
• Mobility/LTE
• Domain Name Services
• Hypervisor/Cloud ubiquity
• Multi-tenancy, all-active
• Identity access management
• Traffic management
• Optimization
• Acceleration
1
2
3
Deliver the most secure, fast,
and reliable applications to anyone anywhere at any
time

21. 21
Three-Dimension Capacity Improvement
Dimension Feasible Technologies
Spectrum
efficiency
• Interference management and traffic adaptation (IMTA)
• Multiple antennas (MIMO) / Massive MIMO / Smart
antenna
Spectrum
extension
• New Carrier Type (NCT)
• Carrier aggregation (CA)
• TV white space
• Visible Light Communication (VLC)
• Cognitive Radio (CR)
Network
configuration
&
optimization
• Small cell deployment (relay / backhaul)
• Efficient machine type communication (MTC)
• Direct communication (D2D)
• Self-organizing network (SON)
• Heterogeneous network (HetNet)
• Software-defined network (SDN)

22. 22
Some of Proposed 5G Features
» Network Densification
» Energy efficient networks;
» Lowering transmission power and reducing the energy consumption
per site
» Cloud RAN;
» Higher frequency spectrum, high bandwidth;
» the need to deploy higher bandwidth, while increasing the number of
antennas per site, though with reduced antenna sizes

23. 23
Some of Proposed 5G Features
» Massive MIMO antenna technology;
» Device centric communications
» re-directing the traffic loads from central towers and backhaul
» Machine to Machine (M2M) communications;
» RAN sharing
» Separation of Data and Control Paths
» Software Define Networking
» Spectrum Sharing

24. 24
Network Densification
» Significantly increasing the number deployed base stations, while reducing
the load and transmission power per site.
» The use of heterogonous networks (HetNet) and the employment of small
cell concepts;
» Three Paths
» spatial densification,
» spectral aggregation,
» backhaul densification
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25. 25
Cloud RAN
Full Centralization Partial Centralization
Centralizing the base band units, and therefore lowering the
structural loading per tower

26. 26
RAN Sharing
Antenna
A
Antenna
B
Equipment
Cabinet B
Equipment
Cabinet A
Operato
r Core A
Operato
r Core B
Tower or mast Sharing MOCN Network Sharing in LTE

27. 27
Software Defined Network
» In 2007 seminal research papers propose decoupling forwarding
plane (physical infrastructure) and control plane
» Routers no longer decide but only classify entering flow
» Action decided by a remote central entity : “controller”
» Flow: set of packets with same characteristics (among 12-tuple
header’s field)
» Communication between devices and controller via OpenFlow
protocol

28. 28
Traditional Network of Switches & Routers
Distributed algorithm running between neighbors
complicated task-specific distributed algorithms

29. 29
Software Defined Network
Control Program
Network Operating System
Global Network

30. 30
5G Network Intelligence
» Network Intelligence
with Cloud Computing
» Network Intelligence for
traffic offload
» Network Intelligence for
converged network
management

31. 31
SDN for WiFi
» WLAN has a limited throughput and are
sensitive to congestion
» Global performance is disappointing when the
user is used to wired LAN
» Multimedia content is tailored for Ethernet
LANs
» Solution at the signal level: MIMO
» Solution at the packet level: duplicate the
packet and send it through different paths
» Requires a multi-interface terminal
» Can work across technologies (e.g. Wi-Fi and
LTE smartphone)

32. 32
SDN for WiFi – Cross Layer Optimization
» Multimedia flows are sometimes composed of different
types of frames
» Example: MPEG flow
» I-Frames: full images
» P-Frames: “predicted” images (contains only differences
from the previous image)
» B-Frames: “bi-directionnal predicted” images (differences
between the previous & the next images)
» Loss or delay does not have the same effect on all
types of frames
» Where SDN can help
» Transmit I-Frames on the best channel, P and B frames on
the other
» Adapt video quality to network conditions (filter detail frames,
...) © Copyright, Eogogics Inc, 2012 | (703) 281-3525 *
www.eogogics.com

33. 33
Cloud RAN for WiFi
© Copyright, Eogogics Inc, 2012 | (703) 281-3525 *
www.eogogics.com

34. 34
Software Defined Networks For Wireless
» What are software-defined networks (SDN): Common
themes
» Separate control and data plane
» Open and programmable Controller
» Vendor-agnostic (interoperable) hardware
» Tailoring network Performance to applications
» Self-Organizing (SoN)
» Cloud Delivery
» Data-driven
» Dynamically optimized
» Seamless network handoff

35. 35
Wireless SDN Architecture

36. 36
Wireless SDN Architecture

37. 37
LTE SON Procedure

38. 38
SDN for LTE: HetNet SON

39. 39
Summary
» New Trends in the world of Communications: social networking, cloud
computing and storing, video sharing, together with mobile computing
» 30 fold increase in capacity plus additional services to enhance the user
experience is required.
» 5G: a disruptive change
» increase the capacity,
» support variety of services and applications,
» meet the requirement of different device types.
» SDN and Cloud is aimed to provide high efficiency in upcoming 5G networks

40. Masoud.olfat@gmail.com
MASOUD OLFAT, PHD