A Technical Overview of India's First Interplanetary Mission to Mars - Mangalyaan Orbiter

1. AIAA SPACE 2013 Conference
By
Prasad Sundararajan
Indian Mars Orbiter (“Mangalyaan”) Mission

2. Indian Space Program
 Earth Observation (IRS, INSAT, IRNSS)
 Space Science & Planetary Exploration
Chandrayaan-I
 India’s first deep space mission
 Discoveries of the mission
Indian Mars Orbiter (“Mangalyaan”) Mission
 India’s first interplanetary mission to the Red Planet
 Mars Orbiter Spacecraft
 Navigation & Communication
 Science Objectives & Payloads
Future Missions
Indian Mars Orbiter (“Mangalyaan”) Mission

3. Indian Mars Orbiter (“Mangalyaan”) Mission
A PSLV launch by ISRO

4. Chandrayaan-1 Mission
Objectives:
Place an unmanned spacecraft in polar
orbit around the moon
Conduct mineralogical and chemical
mapping of the entire lunar surface (95%)
Upgrade technological base for future
planetary missions
Orbit: Lunar Polar Orbit at 100 KM Circular
Launched by Indian PSLV XL.
Timeline: Oct 22, 2008 - Aug 29, 2009
Spacecraft:
Basic architecture derived from the IRS
satellite bus, Spacecraft mass 1380 kg.
Single solar panel generated 700 W power.
Onboard liquid engine with 440 N
performed orbit raising maneuvers.
Eleven Science Instruments
(ISRO - 5, NASA - 2, ESA - 3, Bulgaria - 1)
Credit: NASA/ ISRO

5. Credit: ISRO

6. Credit: NASA/APL/ USGS
Magmatic Water detected
on Moon’s Surface at
Bullialdus impact crater
by M3 Instrument carried
aboard Chandrayaan-1
- NASA, August 27, 2013

7. Indian Mars Orbiter (“Mangalyaan”) Mission

8. Indian Mars Orbiter (“Mangalyaan”) Mission
Credit: ISRO Annual Report 2012-13
India’s First Interplanetary Mission to the Red Planet

9. Indian Mars Orbiter (“Mangalyaan”) Mission
Credit: ISRO

10. Indian Mars Orbiter (“Mangalyaan”) Mission
Credit: Mission Mars: India’s Quest for the Red Planet, Springer 2014.

11. Indian Mars Orbiter (“Mangalyaan”) Mission
Artist’s Concept. NASA/JPL-Caltech
It takes about 5 to 20 minutes for a signal to travel between Earth and Mars,
depending on where the planets are in their orbits.

12. Indian Mars Orbiter (“Mangalyaan”) Mission
Science Objectives:
Exploration of Martian Surface Features
 Morphology
 Topography
 Mineralogy
Study of Martian Upper Atmosphere
 Detect and measure Methane with an
accuracy of ppb
 Explore the Martian Exosphere
(>= 400 km above the surface of Mars)
neutral density and composition
Optical Imaging
 Mars
 Phobos and Deimos
 Context for Science Payloads

13. Indian Mars Orbiter (“Mangalyaan”) Mission
Payload Mass
(kg)
Primary Scientific Objective
Lyman Alpha Photometer (LAP) 1.5 Escape processes of Mars upper atmosphere through
Deuterium/Hydrogen
Methane Sensor for MARS (MSM) 3.6 Detect presence of Methane
Martian Exospheric Composition
Explorer (MENCA)
4.3 Study the neutral composition of the Martian upper atmosphere
MARS Color Camera (MCC) 1.4 Optical imaging
TIR imaging spectrometer (TIS) 4.0 Map surface composition and mineralogy
Science Payloads

14. Indian Mars Orbiter (“Mangalyaan”) Mission
Mangalyaan Probe at ISRO Satellite Facility
Credit: ISRO