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Distributed File Systems: Key Concepts and Design Tradeoffs in NFS

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Sri Prasanna
Sri Prasanna

The document discusses several distributed file systems including NFS, AFS, and CODA. NFS uses a stateless design with UDP and allows clients to access remote files transparently like local files. AFS uses whole file caching at clients and call backs to ensure cache coherence. CODA extends AFS to support disconnected operation and user mobility through caching and logging updates locally when disconnected.

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Distributed File Systems Paul Krzyzanowski [email_address] [email_address] Distributed Systems Except as otherwise noted, the content of this presentation is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 License.
Accessing files ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
File service types ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
File service types ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
File server ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Semantics of file sharing
Sequential semantics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Session semantics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Other solutions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
File usage patterns ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
File usage ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
System design issues
Where do you find the remote files? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
How do you access them? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Stateful or stateless design? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Stateful or stateless design? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Caching ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],WARNING : cache consistency problems
Approaches to caching ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Approaches to caching ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Distributed File Systems Case Studies NFS • AFS • CODA • DFS • SMB • CIFS Dfs • WebDAV • Gmail-FS? • xFS
NFS Network File System Sun Microsystems c. 1985
NFS Design Goals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
NFS Design Goals ,[object Object],[object Object]
NFS Design Goals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
NFS Design Goals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
NFS Design Goals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
NFS Protocols ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Mounting Protocol ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],client : parses pathname contacts server for file handle client : create in-code vnode at mount point. (points to inode for local files) points to rnode for remote files - stores state on client
Mounting Protocol ,[object Object],[object Object],Server: edit /etc/exports Client: mount fluffy:/users/paul /home/paul
Directory and file access protocol ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Directory and file access protocol ,[object Object],[object Object],null lookup create remove rename link symlink readlink read write mkdir rmdir readdir getattr setattr statfs
NFS Performance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Inconsistencies may arise ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Validation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Improving read performance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Problems with NFS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Problems with NFS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Problems with NFS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Improving NFS: version 2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Improving NFS: version 2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The automounter ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Automounter ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Automounter maps ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],cmd -ro doc:/usr/src/cmd kernel -ro frodo:/release/src bilbo:/library/source/kernel lib -rw sneezy:/usr/local/lib Access /usr/src/cmd : request goes to doc Access /usr/src/kernel : ping frodo and bilbo, mount first response
The automounter VFS NFS KERNEL application automounter NFS request NFS mount NFS server NFS request
More improvements… NFS v3 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
More improvements… NFS v3 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
AFS Andrew File System Carnegie-Mellon University c. 1986(v2), 1989(v3)
AFS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
AFS Design Goal Support information sharing on a large scale e.g., 10,000+ systems
AFS Assumptions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
AFS Design Decisions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
AFS Design ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
AFS Server: cells ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
AFS Server: volumes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],grouped into volumes
Namespace management ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Accessing an AFS file ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Internally on the server ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Authentication and access ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
AFS cache coherence ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
AFS cache coherence ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
AFS cache coherence ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],AFS: Session Semantics
AFS: replication and caching ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
AFS summary ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
AFS summary ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Sample Deployment (2008) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CODA COnstant Data Availability Carnegie-Mellon University c. 1990-1992
CODA Goals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Mobility ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Modifications to AFS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Volume Storage Group ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Disconnection of volume servers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Disconnected servers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
AVSG = Ø ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Reintegration ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Support for disconnection ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CODA summary ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DFS (AFS v3.x) Distributed File System Open Group
DFS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DFS Goals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DFS Tokens ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DFS Tokens ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Living with tokens ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DFS design ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DFS (AFS v3) Summary ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SMB Server Message Blocks Microsoft c. 1987
SMB Goals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SMB Design ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Message Block ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SMB Commands ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SMB Commands ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Protocol Steps ,[object Object]
Protocol Steps ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Protocol Steps ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Protocol Steps ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Protocol Steps ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Locating Services ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Security ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CIFS Common Internet File System Microsoft, Compaq, … c. 1995?
SMB evolves ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Original Goals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Original Goals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Original Goals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Caching and Server Communication ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Oplocks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Level 1 oplock (exclusive access) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Level 2 oplock (one writer) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Batch oplock (remote open even if local closed) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Filter oplock (allow preemption) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
No oplock ,[object Object],[object Object]
Naming ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Microsoft Dfs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Redirection ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CIFS Summary ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
NFS version 4 Network File System Sun Microsystems
NFS version 4 enhancements ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
NFS version 4 enhancements ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
NFS version 4 enhancements ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Others…
Google File System: Application-Specific ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Google File System usage needs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Google file system ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
WebDAV ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Who uses WebDAV? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
An ad hoc file system using Gmail ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
File servers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Serverless file systems? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The end.

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Distributed File Systems: Key Concepts and Design Tradeoffs in NFS

  • 1. Distributed File Systems Paul Krzyzanowski [email_address] [email_address] Distributed Systems Except as otherwise noted, the content of this presentation is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 License.
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  • 20. Distributed File Systems Case Studies NFS • AFS • CODA • DFS • SMB • CIFS Dfs • WebDAV • Gmail-FS? • xFS
  • 21. NFS Network File System Sun Microsystems c. 1985
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  • 44. The automounter VFS NFS KERNEL application automounter NFS request NFS mount NFS server NFS request
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  • 47. AFS Andrew File System Carnegie-Mellon University c. 1986(v2), 1989(v3)
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  • 49. AFS Design Goal Support information sharing on a large scale e.g., 10,000+ systems
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  • 66. CODA COnstant Data Availability Carnegie-Mellon University c. 1990-1992
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  • 98. CIFS Common Internet File System Microsoft, Compaq, … c. 1995?
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