2. ABBA was a Swedish pop rock disco group
formed in Stockholm in 1972,
comprising Agnetha Fältskg, Benny Andersson,
Björn Ulvaeus and Anni-Frid Lyngstad.
ABBA is an acronym of the first letters of the
band members' first names and is sometimes
stylized as the registered trademark ᗅᗅᗅᗅ.
They became one of the most commercially
successful acts in the history of pop music,
topping the charts worldwide from 1972 to 1982.
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4. They are also known for winning the 1974
Eurovision Song Contest, giving Sweden its first
victory in the history of the contest.
ABBA was the first pop group to come from a non-
English-speaking country that enjoyed consistent
success in the charts of English-speaking countries.
In 1999, ABBA's music was adapted into the
successful musical Mamma Mia! that toured
worldwide. A film of the same name released in
2008 became the highest-grossing film in the United
Kingdom that year.
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8. Form in Music
Form is a way of describing the structure
or shape of a piece of music - i.e. the
way it has been constructed from
various smaller sections. Form is mostly
determined by the harmony (keys,
chords etc.), although melody, rhythm,
dynamics and texture can also be
important.
9. Some commonly used forms are:
• Binary - AB, often | |: A :| |: B :| | ,
occasionally | |: A :| | B or A | |: B :| |
Two sections. Either or both may be
repeated.
• Ternary - ABA, sometimes | |: A :| | BA
Three sections, with the third being
similar to the first. In some cases the
first and third sections are identical
(e.g. a da Capo).
10. Repeat sign:
Enclose a passage that is to be played
more than once. If there is no left repeat
sign, the right repeat sign sends the
performer back to the start of the piece or
the nearest double bar.
11. Volta brackets: (1st and 2nd endings,
or 1st- and 2nd-time bars)
A repeated passage is to be played
with different endings on different
playings; it is possible to have more
than two endings (1st, 2nd, 3rd ...).
12. Da capo:
(lit. "From top") Tells the performer to
repeat playing of the music from its
beginning. This is followed by al fine (lit.
"to the end"), which means to repeat to
the word fine and stop, or al coda (lit.
"to the coda (sign)"), which means
repeat to the coda sign and then jump
forward.
13. Dal segno:
(lit. "From the sign") Tells the
performer to repeat playing of the
music starting at the nearest segno.
This is followed by al fine or al coda
just as with da capo.
14. Segno:
Mark used with dal segno.
Coda:
Indicates a forward jump in the music
to its ending passage, marked with
the same sign. Only used after playing
through a D.S. al coda (Dal segno al
coda) or D.C. al coda (Da capo al
coda).
