1. OA Publishing
The impact of OA on institutional pricing and licensing

2. Overview
 Types of OA  Impact
 Delayed OA  Institutional pricing
 Optional OA  Licensing
 Full OA  Single titles
 Big deal
 Business models and
 Aggregators
pricing
 Author-side fees
 Institutional memberships
 Third party support
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3. Types of OA
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4. Types of OA
 Delayed OA
 Journals offering original research articles under subscription
access controls upon publication but making articles freely and
publicly available after a period of time.
 Archive may be a one-time purchase, subscription, or OA
 Optional OA
 Journals offering original research articles under subscription
access controls unless author or institution has paid fee to
ensure that article is freely and publicly available on
publication.
 Optional Open Access journals may also be Delayed OA journals.
 Full OA
 Journals making original research articles freely and publicly
available immediately on publication.
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5. Delayed OA
Participating (mostly) Non-participating (mostly)
 HighWire Press hosted  Commercial publishers
journals  Aggregators
 Toll free linking
 OA (recent) archive
 Society journals  Represents thousands of
journals, so awareness /
 University press journals impact reduced overall
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6. Optional OA
 Participating (mostly)
 Commercial publishers
 Mixed participation
 University Presses
 Society publishers
 Non-participating
 Aggregators
 Permissions policies, deposit in OA repository go hand-in-hand
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7. Full OA
 Commercial publishers
 BMC
 Industry-supported
 Society publishers
 Member supported
 Other nonprofit
 PLoS
 University press/Harvard
 Academic department
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8. Business models and pricing
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9. Revenue sources
 Author-side fees  Dues and subscriptions
 Submission fees  Society membership
 Page charges  Institutional membership
 Color charges  Subscriptions (to non-OA
 Article processing charges  content)
OA
 Funding agencies
 Third party underwriting
 Institutional memberships
 Industry ads, sponsorships,
grants
 Foundation grants
 Government support
 Volunteer labor
 Society publishers
 Academic departments
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10. Funding agencies
 35 funders have confirmed that they are willing to fund
article processing charges
 28 funders have an official policy in support of open
access
 25 of these funder policies encourage or in some cases
require funding recipients to deposit resulting research
articles in an open access repository
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11. Funding agencies willing to pay article
processing fees
 Academy of Finland (Finland)  International Human Frontier Science Program
Organization (International)
 BIOTEC (Thailand)
 Israel Science Foundation (Israel)
 California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (US)
 Max Planck Society (Germany)
 Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Canada)
 Medical Research Council (UK)
 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France)
 National Health Service (UK)
 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (Spain)
 National Institutes of Health (US)
 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (Italy)
 National Science Foundation (US)
 Danmarks Grundforskningsfond (Denmark)
 Natural Environment Research Council (UK)
 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Germany)
 Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk
 FAPESP (Brazil) Onderzoek (Netherlands)
 Fondazione Telethon (Italy)  Rockefeller Foundation (US)
 Fonds zur Forderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung  South African Medical Research Council (South Africa)
(Austria)
 Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (Sweden)
 Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (Belgium)
 Swedish Research Council (Sweden)
 Health Research Board (Ireland)
 Swiss National Science Foundation (Switzerland)
 Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
 Wellcome Trust (UK)
 Indian Council of Medical Research (India)
 INSERM (France)
 http://www.biomedcentral.com/info/about/apcfaq
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12. Author-side fees sampler
Full OA Optional OA
Publisher Author-side fees Publisher Author-side fees
PLoS $2,750/article for PLoS Biology and Springer $3,000/article for OA
PLoS Medicine Wiley $3,000/article for OA
$2,100/article for community journals Elsevier $3,000/article (most)
BioMed Central $1,670/article for most BMC journals $5,000/article (Cell Press)
$525-$2,510/article for independent £400/page (Lancet)
journals Sage $3,000/article for OA
Plus fee for optional copyediting OUP $2,800 (less for authors at
Journal of Clinical $70/article submission fee subscribing institutions,
Investigation $.22/word authors in developing
$100/figure countries
$50/table Company of Biologists $2,160/article for OA
$300 supplemental data fee American Chemical Society $3,000/article for OA
$1,000 if color American Physiological Society $2,000 + page charges
Journal of Vision (ARVO) $135/page without using author Proceeding of the National $70 per printed page
template Academy of Sciences $150/article if supplemental
$85/page if use author template data included
Plus voluntary charge of $50/page $1,000 surcharge if OA desired
Plus excessive alterations charge of by author
$50/hour $450/color figure
The Scientific World $400/short article
$695/longer article
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13. PLoS institutional membership
 PLoS institutional members pay annual fee, at chosen
level
 Entitles affiliated scientists to reduced charges for publication
in flagship and community PLoS journals
 Provides libraries with access to institutional usage reports for
all PLoS publications
 Lists member institutions on the PLoS web site Members page,
with list of articles published in journals by affiliated authors
 Other PLoS memberships
 Research funding agencies on behalf of investigators, grantees
 Consortial memberships
 Negotiated on case-by-case basis.
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14. Market response to PLoS institutional
membership
 ~100 colleges and universities
 Harvard
 Yale
 University of Amsterdam
 Kalamazoo College.
 http://www.plos.org/support/instmembers.html
 Open Society Institute pays for PLoS institutional
memberships on behalf of universities and other
organizations in 44 developing countries
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15. BMC institutional membership
 Prepay Membership
 Customers pay upfront for articles published by their authorized users to be processed
and published.
 On publication, full article processing charge for journal minus discount that applies is
deducted from account. The higher the amount paid in advance, the greater the discount
given.
 Postpay Membership
 Scientific and medical societies and groups are invoiced in arrears for papers authored by
their members that have been published in journals since last invoice date.
 Invoice schedules are set on a monthly or quarterly cycle.
 Supporters Membership
 Flat rate annual membership fee based on the number of science and medical researchers
and graduate students at institution.
 Members of the institution are then given a 15% discount on the article processing charge
when publishing in our journals.
 Market response
 321 members, 33 countries
 http://www.biomedcentral.com/info/about/membership
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16. OUP
 Institutional rebates
 To be presented this afternoon
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17. Impact of OA on institutional
pricing and licensing
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18. What is the impact of OA on institutional
pricing and licensing?
It depends!
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19. Institutional pricing
 Agents alert libraries to Full OA journals; no incentive to
do more
 Librarians not (yet?) devoting energies to determining
percentage of Optional and Delayed OA
 Librarians can imagine time when they will wonder why
they have to pay so much for so little content
 Publishers asking for societies for guarantees on behalf of
library customers that purchased archive will not be OA
for, say, 20 years
 Societies questioning whether institutional rates need to
be lowered if add Optional or mandatory OA
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20. Balancing institutional rates and OA fees
Recommendation: margin management!
Journal revenues: historical Journal costs: focus on cost containment
reliance on multiple revenue streams and efficiency
 Member allocation  Peer review
 Institutional subscriptions  Lower cost ms mgmt systems
 PPV  Journal franchises (multiple journal
submissions, shared reviews)
 Author-side fees
 Submission fees
 Printing
 Opt in / opt out
 Page charges
 Processing charges  Unbundled / no print
 Publication fees  Online platform
 Color  “Commodification”
 Data supplement  Sales and marketing
 Institutional memberships  Institutions / consortia
 Language polishing  Author-side fee mgmt systems
 Rights and permissions  Outsourcing and offshoring
 Industry – government support
 Other
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21. Aggregator licensing
 ProQuest  Depends on
 Negotiating lower royalty  Value of new content
rates for Delayed OA or  Amount of OA
significant proportion of  Embargo-Delayed OA
Optional OA squeeze
 Ovid
 Not known to negotiate
lower royalty rates for
Delayed or Optional OA
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22. Q&A
Thank you!
Cara S. Kaufman
Partner, Kaufman-Wills Group
410 821 8035
cara@kaufmanwills.com
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