3. SOEPEL
SUBJECT:
A 35-year-old female from Saudi. She is married has 2 children aged 3 and 8 years. They are both well.
lives and born in Unaizah.
Over the last 2–3 days she has become weak with the persistent diarrhea and her abdomen has
become more painful and bloated over the last 24 h.
she has a year-long history of intermittent diarrhea which has never been bad enough for her to seek
medical help in the past. However, she has become much worse over 1 week with episodes of bloody
diarrhea 10 times a day. She has had some cramp lower abdominal pain which lasts for 1–2 h and is
partially relieved by defecation. She took 2 days of amoxicillin after the diarrhea began with no
improvement or worsening of her bowels.
She has no relevant previous medical history. Up to 1 year ago, her bowels were regular. There is no
disturbance of micturition or menstruation.
In her family history, she thinks one of her maternal aunts may have had bowel problems.
She travelled to Egypt on holiday 6 months ago but has not travelled elsewhere.
4. SOEPEL
OBJECTIVE:
taking history, physical examination ( General and abdominal )
EVALUATION (DD):
Ulcerative colitis ,Crohn’s disease infectious, enterocolitis celiac sprue.
PLAN:
Blood tests, Stool sample, Colonoscopy, Flexible sigmoidoscopy, Barium enema ,X-ray and CT scan.
ELABORATION:
drug therapy or surgery.
LEARNING GOALS:
ulcerative colitis
5. Introduction
Ulcerative colitis:-
is an idiopathic chronic inflammatory disease of the colon that follows a course of relapse and
remission. In a small number of cases, ulcerative colitis is associated with extra-intestinal features.
Site of UC:-
1.
Distal disease (left-sided colitis).
2.
More extensive disease.
3.
Some patients with pancolitis may have involvement of the terminal ileum due to an
incompetent ileocaecal valve.
Epidemiology:-
The incidence of uc is stable at 6-15100000 annually, with a prevelance of 80-150100000.
6. Etiology
The aetiology is unknown. Ulcerative colitis is probably an autoimmune condition triggered by
colonic bacteria causing inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract.
A family history is present in around 25-40% of children; siblings of an individual with Crohn's
disease are 17-35 times more likely than the general population to develop the condition.
There is concern that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may increase the risk of
relapse or exacerbation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) - ulcerative colitis and Crohn's
disease - but the evidence is not strong.
The risk of IBD is increased in women using oral contraceptives but the absolute increase in risk is
very low.
The risk of ulcerative colitis is decreased in smokers.
7. histology
The severity of the disease may also be quite variable
histologically, ranging from minimal to florid ulceration and
dysplasia.
Carcinoma may develop. The typical histological
(microscopic) lesion of ulcerative colitis is the crypt
abscess, in which the epithelium of the crypt breaks down
and the lumen fills with polymorphonuclear cells.
The lamina propria is infiltrated with leukocytes. As the crypts
are destroyed, normal mucosal architecture is lost and
resultant scarring shortens and can narrow the colon.
10. Sings and Symptomes
Diarrhea
rectal bleeding
tenesmus
passage of mucus
abdominal pain
other symptoms:
anorexia, nausea, vomiting, fever, weight loss
11. Test and Diagnosis
Blood tests, check for anemia or infection and type of inflammatory bowel disease
Stool sample, The presence of white blood cells in your stool indicates an inflammatory
disease, possibly ulcerative colitis.
Colonoscopy, take small samples of tissue (biopsy) for laboratory analysis.
Flexible sigmoidoscopy, uses a slender, flexible, lighted tube to examine the sigmoid, the
last portion of colon.
Barium enema
X-ray
CT scan. reveal how much of the colon is inflamed.
12. Complications
Severe bleeding
A hole in the colon (perforated colon)
Severe dehydration
Liver disease (rare)
Kidney stones
Osteoporosis
Inflammation of your skin, joints and eyes
An increased risk of colon cancer
A rapidly swelling colon (toxic megacolon)
13. Prognosis
Ulcerative colitis is a lifelong condition, with unpredictable relapses and
remissions.
Mortality is slightly higher than in the general population.
One study in Norway found that:
83% of people initially had relapsing disease but half were relapse-free after five
years.
The cumulative colectomy rate after ten years was 9.8%.
About 20% of people with proctitis or left-sided colitis progressed to extensive colitis.
The prognosis for acute severe colitis depends on their initial response to
corticosteroid treatment.