1. SPARQL: Query Language for RDF
研究⽣生 鍾聖彥
指導⽼老師 許慶⽣生 教授

2. Sir Tim Berners-Lee
•
Born 8 June 1955
•
British computer scientist.
•
The inventor of the World Wide
Web.(WWW)
•
The concept of the Semantic
Web is the brainchild of the
original creator of the WorldWide Web.(1998)
•
Web 3.0.

3. This NeXT Computer was used by Berners-Lee at CERN and
became the world's first web server

4. Semantic Web
An extension of the World Wide Web that allows computers to
intelligently search, combine, and process Web content based on
the meaning that this content has to humans.(Pascal Hitzler, Markus
Krotzsch, and Sebastian Rudolph 2010).
!
The idea behind the Semantic Web is 'to weave a Web that not only
links documents to each other but also recognises the meaning of
the information in those documents.' (Frauenfelder 2001);
—Tim Berners-Lee, 2006

5. 「…….,Web 2.0 and access to a semantic Web
integrated across a huge space of data, you'll
have access to an unbelievable data resource
…」(Web 3.0)
–Tim Berners-Lee, 2006

6. Semantic
Meaning

7. RDF
(Resource Description Framework)
•
Formal language for describing structured information.
•
The goal of RDF is to enable applications to exchange data
on the Web while still preserving their original meaning.
•
RDF consequently is often viewed as the basic
representation format for developing the Semantic Web.
•
Based on a very simple graph-oriented data schema.
•
A first official specification was published in 1999 by the
W3c.

8. 語法
「A有⼀一個B是C來表⽰示」
描述的事物 Ａ
描述事物的具體屬性（property） Ｂ
描述的作為該屬性的值的事物 Ｃ

9. RDF Description of a person
named Eric Miller
Whose name is Eric Miller, whose email address is
em@w3.org, and whose title is Dr.

10. RDF graph
Therefore, the following "subject, predicate, object" RDF triples can be expressed:
http://www.w3.org/People/EM/contact#me, http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/pim/contact#fullName, "Eric Miller"
http://www.w3.org/People/EM/contact#me, http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/pim/contact#mailbox, em@w3.org
http://www.w3.org/People/EM/contact#me, http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/pim/contact#personalTitle, "Dr."
http://www.w3.org/People/EM/contact#me, http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type, http://www.w3.org/
2000/10/swap/pim/contact#Person

11. The XML Serialization of RDF

12. What is SPARQL?
•
pronounced as sparkle
•
RDF query and inference languages
•
SQL-like language
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Accordingly simple RDF graphs are used as fundamental query
patterns.
•
One of the key technologies of the semantic web.!
•
Represented using Turtle (Terse RDF Triple Language)
•
SPARQL allows for a query to consist of triple patterns,
conjunctions, disjunctions, and optional patterns

13. Data Descriptions

14. Result Descriptions

15. Like…

16. SPARQL可以讓使⽤用者寫出廣域上不含糊的詢問。
舉例來說，以下的詢問可以取得世界上所有⼈人的姓名與Email：

17. What are all the country
capitals in Africa?

18. Writing a Simple Query
NTriple寫法

19. Multiple Matches

20. Multiple Matches
The result of a query is a solution sequence, corresponding to
the ways in which the query's graph pattern matches the data.

21. Multiple Matches
This is a basic graph pattern match; all the variables used in
the query pattern must be bound in every solution.

22. Matching RDF Literals
Matching Literals with
Language Tags
Numeric Types
Arbitrary Datatypes

23. Matching Literals with Language Tags

24. Matching Literals with Numeric Types
Integers in a SPARQL query indicate an RDF typed literal with the datatype
xsd:integer.
For example: 42 is a shortened form of "42"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/
XMLSchema#integer>.
!

25. Matching Literals with Arbitrary Datatypes

26. Building RDF Graphs
The SELECT query form returns variable bindings.
The CONSTRUCT query form returns an RDF graph.
The graph is built based on a template which is used to
generate RDF triples based on the results of matching the
graph pattern of the query.

28. RDF Term Constraints
Restricting the Values of Strings
SPARQL FILTER functions like regex can test RDF literals. regex
matches only plain literals with no language tag. regex can be used to
match the lexical forms of other literals by using the str function.

30. RDF Term Constraints
Restricting Numeric Values

32. Other Term Constraints

33. Reference
Pascal Hitzler, Markus Krotzsch, and Sebastian Rudolph (2010). Foundations of Semantic Web
Technologies. Taylor and Francis Group, ISBN-10: 142009050X, ISBN-13: 978-1420090505.
!
http://semwebtw.openfoundry.org/2010/Talks/0319-semweb-kennyluck/
!
http://www.linkeddatatools.com/downloads
!
http://viziquer.lumii.lv/
!
https://wiki.base22.com/display/btg/SPARQL+Query+Examples
!
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GeoSPARQL
!
http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/Semantic.html
!
http://openisdm.iis.sinica.edu.tw/index.php/resource-repository/general-data-processing/
documents/17-rdf
!
http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#sparqlSyntax

34. End