1. Chronology of the references of Psychological
Intervention
By: Rakesh Mishra

2. Cold War Days
 1952: Indo-US agreement for 55 community
development projects including 300 villages and
300000 people.
 In real practise Communities were not in pinciples and
methods of determining priorities of the community
development projects.

3. The Government goes western
 1956: Ministry of Community Development created to
monitor and evaluate the CDPs.

4. Tradition and Blame game
controversy-I writers have considered tradition as
 1958: Many western
root cause of India's low economic development. Max
Weber,

5. Tradition and Blame game
controversy-II
 1961: One of the reasons for underdevelopment of India is
low achievement motivation of its people. McClelland,
 1961: Hindu parents do not encourage the need of
achievements. They do not train to set higher goals for
excellence and do not encourage the children to strive to
achieve them in an individualistic and competetive spirit.
McClelland,
 McClelland suggested a motivation program, Udai Pareek
and Prayag Mehta developped a training and motivation
program in collaboration with McClelland (Kakinada
Experiment)

6. Tradition and Blame game
controversy-III
 1969: Stated the Kakinada Experiment to be successful in
"Motivating Economic Achievement : McClelland and
Winter, “
 1969 : Hinduism does not encourage need for achievement
and is responsible for low aspirations which characterize
Indian personality. McClelland and Winter
 1975: This program was repeated several times in the
country and claimed to be successful. (Shah, Gaikwad, Rao
& Pareek,)

7. Tradition and Blame game
controversy-IV
 1975: Some India psychologists doubted about the
teanablity of the theory in India context. (JBP Sinha
and Pandey,)
 Evaluation of community development programs
 (D. Sinha, 1969 &1974),
 Rath (1975), D. Sinha 1985
 Waber (1958) and McClelland

8. Foreign Funding to private
organisations
 1980: Entrance of International funding agencies in
India. Rapid Expansion of NGO sector.
 1981: Psychology of Poverty in India (Pareek,)
 1981: Dynamics of Social Change: Udai Pareek,

9. Foreign Funding to private
organisations
 1980-1990: Witnessed an extraordinary profiliteration
of foreign funded non-government organisations.

10. Reason of re-constructionism in
tribal area
 1991: 8.08% of India is tribal, Census

11. The ignored side-I
 1994: World Bank Report reveals more than 86%
organisations (NGOs) receives funding on project
basis.

12. Westernizing the minds…
 1998: Rajni Kothari observed that Indian community is
voluntarist community.
 1998: Psychological Strategy for Human Development
(Mehta)

13. The ignored side-II
 1998-99: 3925 cr. recieved for CDP
 1999-2000: 4535 cr. recieved for CDPs.
 90% Organisations working in rural sector are
dependent on foreign assistence for their survival.
 2000: Nearly 20000 NGOs registered under FCRA.

14. Ignoring/Occupying water bodies
 Ganga Kalyan Yojna, Million well scheme: 9th five year
plan
 Hariyali, Swajal Dhara
 Swadhyaya Movement
 THE WASTE LAND: Nandita Roy, 2003
 Source: dalal-psychosocial-interventions-for-community-
development