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From	
  
        Chaos	
  to	
  
      Complexity	
  -­‐	
  
A	
  Point	
  of	
  View	
  for	
  
the	
  Manager	
  in	
  the	
  
      21st	
  Century
                                         Stefan	
  Haas
                                        Agile	
  Coach	
  &	
  
                                      Trainer	
  @haaslab
                                      www.haaslab.net
„I	
  
                    am	
  very	
  relaxed	
  
                     now,	
  since	
  I	
  am	
  
                 responsible	
  for	
  what	
  I	
  
                   am	
  saying,	
  you	
  are	
  
                  responsible	
  for	
  what	
  
                    you	
  are	
  hearing”	
  	
  




Humberto	
  Maturana,	
  transmediale08,	
  2008,	
  Berlin,	
  Haus	
  der	
  Kulturen	
  der	
  Welt
Charlie	
  Todd:	
  The	
  shared	
  experience	
  of	
  absurdity,	
  TED,	
  2011
BARRIERS	
  
      TO	
  FURTHER	
  
    AGILE	
  ADOPTION	
  
   For	
  over	
  half	
  of	
  the	
  
respondents,	
  the	
  inability	
  
     to	
  change	
  their	
  
  organization’s	
  culture	
  
     was	
  the	
  biggest	
  
           problem.

     http://www.versionone.com/pdf/2011_State_of_Agile_Development_Survey_Results.pdf
What	
  is	
  a	
  
complex	
  system?
“complexity	
  
 entails	
  that,	
  in	
  a	
  
system,	
  there	
  are	
  
more	
  possibiliNes	
  
   than	
  can	
  be	
  
   actualized”	
  




              Niklas	
  Luhmann	
  in	
  Complexity	
  &	
  Postmodernism,	
  Paul	
  Cilliers,	
  1998
(i)	
  Complex	
  systems	
  consist	
  of	
  a	
  large	
  number	
  of	
  elements	
  ...	
  convenNonal	
  means	
  ...	
  cease	
  to	
  
assist	
  in	
  any	
  understanding	
  of	
  the	
  system.
(ii)	
  In	
  order	
  to	
  consNtute	
  a	
  complex	
  system,	
  the	
  elements	
  have	
  to	
  interact,	
  and	
  this	
  interacNon	
  
must	
  be	
  dynamic.	
  The	
  interacNons	
  do	
  not	
  have	
  to	
  be	
  physical;	
  they	
  can	
  also	
  be	
  thought	
  of	
  as	
  
the	
  transference	
  of	
  informa.on.
(iii)	
  The	
  interacNon	
  is	
  fairly	
  rich	
  ...	
  The	
  behaviour	
  of	
  the	
  system,	
  however,	
  is	
  not	
  determined	
  by	
  
the	
  exact	
  amount	
  of	
  interacNons.
(iv)	
  ...	
  interacNons	
  are	
  non-­‐linear	
  ...
(v)	
  The	
  interacNons	
  usually	
  have	
  a	
  fairly	
  short	
  range,	
  i.e.	
  informaNon	
  is	
  received	
  primarily	
  from	
  
immediate	
  neighbours	
  ...	
  This	
  does	
  not	
  preclude	
  wide	
  ranging	
  influence	
  -­‐	
  since	
  interacNon	
  is	
  
rich,	
  the	
  route	
  from	
  one	
  element	
  to	
  any	
  other	
  can	
  usually	
  be	
  covered	
  in	
  a	
  few	
  steps.	
  As	
  a	
  result	
  
the	
  influence	
  gets	
  modulated	
  along	
  the	
  way.
(vi)	
  There	
  are	
  loops	
  in	
  the	
  interacNons.	
  The	
  effect	
  of	
  any	
  acNvity	
  can	
  feed	
  back	
  onto	
  itself,	
  
someNmes	
  directly,	
  someNmes	
  aVer	
  a	
  number	
  of	
  intervening	
  stages.	
  This	
  feedback	
  can	
  be	
  
posiNve	
  ...	
  or	
  negaNve...	
  recurrency.
(vii)	
  Complex	
  systems	
  are	
  usually	
  open	
  systems...	
  it	
  is	
  oVen	
  difficult	
  to	
  define	
  the	
  border	
  of	
  a	
  
complex	
  system	
  ...	
  the	
  scope	
  ...	
  is	
  ...	
  determined	
  by	
  the	
  purpose	
  of	
  the	
  descrip.on	
  of	
  the	
  
system,	
  and	
  is	
  ...	
  influenced	
  by	
  the	
  posiNon	
  of	
  the	
  observer...	
  framing.
(viii)	
  Complex	
  systems	
  operate	
  under	
  condiNons	
  far	
  from	
  from	
  equilibrium.	
  ...	
  Equilibrium	
  is	
  
another	
  word	
  for	
  death.
(xi)	
  Complex	
  systems	
  have	
  a	
  history.	
  Not	
  only	
  do	
  they	
  evolve	
  through	
  Nme,	
  but	
  their	
  past	
  is	
  co-­‐
responsible	
  for	
  their	
  present	
  behaviour.
(x)	
  Each	
  element	
  in	
  the	
  system	
  is	
  ignorant	
  of	
  the	
  behaviour	
  of	
  the	
  system	
  as	
  a	
  whole.
                                                                            Complexity	
  &	
  Postmodernism,	
  Paul	
  Cilliers,	
  1998
many	
  
(i)	
  Complex	
  systems	
  consist	
  of	
  a	
  large	
  number	
  of	
  elements	
  ...	
  convenNonal	
  means	
  ...	
  cease	
  to	
  
assist	
  in	
  any	
  understanding	
  of	
  the	
  system.
   elements	
  
(ii)	
  In	
  order	
  to	
  consNtute	
  a	
  complex	
  system,	
  the	
  elements	
  have	
  to	
  interact,	
  and	
  this	
  interacNon	
  
must	
  be	
  dynamic.	
  The	
  interacNons	
  do	
  not	
  have	
  to	
  be	
  physical;	
  they	
  can	
  also	
  be	
  thought	
  of	
  as	
  

    interact	
  
the	
  transference	
  of	
  informa.on.
(iii)	
  The	
  interacNon	
  is	
  fairly	
  rich	
  ...	
  The	
  behaviour	
  of	
  the	
  system,	
  however,	
  is	
  not	
  determined	
  by	
  
the	
  exact	
  amount	
  of	
  interacNons.
  dynamically,	
  
(iv)	
  ...	
  interacNons	
  are	
  non-­‐linear	
  ...
(v)	
  The	
  interacNons	
  usually	
  have	
  a	
  fairly	
  short	
  range,	
  i.e.	
  informaNon	
  is	
  received	
  primarily	
  from	
  
 non-­‐linear	
  and	
  
immediate	
  neighbours	
  ...	
  This	
  does	
  not	
  preclude	
  wide	
  ranging	
  influence	
  -­‐	
  since	
  interacNon	
  is	
  
rich,	
  the	
  route	
  from	
  one	
  element	
  to	
  any	
  other	
  can	
  usually	
  be	
  covered	
  in	
  a	
  few	
  steps.	
  As	
  a	
  result	
  

        rich	
  
the	
  influence	
  gets	
  modulated	
  along	
  the	
  way.
(vi)	
  There	
  are	
  loops	
  in	
  the	
  interacNons.	
  The	
  effect	
  of	
  any	
  acNvity	
  can	
  feed	
  back	
  onto	
  itself,	
  
someNmes	
  directly,	
  someNmes	
  aVer	
  a	
  number	
  of	
  intervening	
  stages.	
  This	
  feedback	
  can	
  be	
  
posiNve	
  ...	
  or	
  negaNve...	
  recurrency.
(vii)	
  Complex	
  systems	
  are	
  usually	
  open	
  systems...	
  it	
  is	
  oVen	
  difficult	
  to	
  define	
  the	
  border	
  of	
  a	
  
complex	
  system	
  ...	
  the	
  scope	
  ...	
  is	
  ...	
  determined	
  by	
  the	
  purpose	
  of	
  the	
  descrip.on	
  of	
  the	
  
system,	
  and	
  is	
  ...	
  influenced	
  by	
  the	
  posiNon	
  of	
  the	
  observer...	
  framing.
(viii)	
  Complex	
  systems	
  operate	
  under	
  condiNons	
  far	
  from	
  from	
  equilibrium.	
  ...	
  Equilibrium	
  is	
  
another	
  word	
  for	
  death.
(xi)	
  Complex	
  systems	
  have	
  a	
  history.	
  Not	
  only	
  do	
  they	
  evolve	
  through	
  Nme,	
  but	
  their	
  past	
  is	
  co-­‐
responsible	
  for	
  their	
  present	
  behaviour.
(x)	
  Each	
  element	
  in	
  the	
  system	
  is	
  ignorant	
  of	
  the	
  behaviour	
  of	
  the	
  system	
  as	
  a	
  whole.
                                                                              Complexity	
  &Postmodernism,	
  Paul	
  Cilliers,	
  1998
many	
  
(i)	
  Complex	
  systems	
  consist	
  of	
  a	
  large	
  number	
  of	
  elements	
  ...	
  convenNonal	
  means	
  ...	
  cease	
  to	
  
assist	
  in	
  any	
  understanding	
  of	
  the	
  system.
   elements	
  
(ii)	
  In	
  order	
  to	
  consNtute	
  a	
  complex	
  system,	
  the	
  elements	
  have	
  to	
  interact,	
  and	
  this	
  interacNon	
  
must	
  be	
  dynamic.	
  The	
  interacNons	
  do	
  not	
  have	
  to	
  be	
  physical;	
  they	
  can	
  also	
  be	
  thought	
  of	
  as	
  

    interact	
  
the	
  transference	
  of	
  informa.on.
(iii)	
  The	
  interacNon	
  is	
  fairly	
  rich	
  ...	
  The	
  behaviour	
  of	
  the	
  system,	
  however,	
  is	
  not	
  determined	
  by	
  
the	
  exact	
  amount	
  of	
  interacNons.
  dynamically,	
  
(iv)	
  ...	
  interacNons	
  are	
  non-­‐linear	
  ...
(v)	
  The	
  interacNons	
  usually	
  have	
  a	
  fairly	
  short	
  range,	
  i.e.	
  informaNon	
  is	
  received	
  primarily	
  from	
  
 non-­‐linear	
  and	
  
immediate	
  neighbours	
  ...	
  This	
  does	
  not	
  preclude	
  wide	
  ranging	
  influence	
  -­‐	
  since	
  interacNon	
  is	
  
rich,	
  the	
  route	
  from	
  one	
  element	
  to	
  any	
  other	
  can	
  usually	
  be	
  covered	
  in	
  a	
  few	
  steps.	
  As	
  a	
  result	
  

        rich	
           The	
  
the	
  influence	
  gets	
  modulated	
  along	
  the	
  way.
(vi)	
  There	
  are	
  loops	
  in	
  the	
  interacNons.	
  The	
  effect	
  of	
  any	
  acNvity	
  can	
  feed	
  back	
  onto	
  itself,	
  
                   interacNons	
  
someNmes	
  directly,	
  someNmes	
  aVer	
  a	
  number	
  of	
  intervening	
  stages.	
  This	
  feedback	
  can	
  be	
  
posiNve	
  ...	
  or	
  negaNve...	
  recurrency.
                    can	
  also	
  be	
  
(vii)	
  Complex	
  systems	
  are	
  usually	
  open	
  systems...	
  it	
  is	
  oVen	
  difficult	
  to	
  define	
  the	
  border	
  of	
  a	
  
complex	
  system	
  ...	
  the	
  scope	
  ...	
  is	
  ...	
  determined	
  by	
  the	
  purpose	
  of	
  the	
  descrip.on	
  of	
  the	
  

              thought	
  of	
  as	
  the	
  
system,	
  and	
  is	
  ...	
  influenced	
  by	
  the	
  posiNon	
  of	
  the	
  observer...	
  framing.
(viii)	
  Complex	
  systems	
  operate	
  under	
  condiNons	
  far	
  from	
  from	
  equilibrium.	
  ...	
  Equilibrium	
  is	
  

                 transference	
  of	
  
another	
  word	
  for	
  death.
(xi)	
  Complex	
  systems	
  have	
  a	
  history.	
  Not	
  only	
  do	
  they	
  evolve	
  through	
  Nme,	
  but	
  their	
  past	
  is	
  co-­‐
responsible	
  for	
  their	
  present	
  behaviour.
                   informa.on
(x)	
  Each	
  element	
  in	
  the	
  system	
  is	
  ignorant	
  of	
  the	
  behaviour	
  of	
  the	
  system	
  as	
  a	
  whole.
                                                                              Complexity	
  &Postmodernism,	
  Paul	
  Cilliers,	
  1998
many	
  
(i)	
  Complex	
  systems	
  consist	
  of	
  a	
  large	
  number	
  of	
  elements	
  ...	
  convenNonal	
  means	
  ...	
  cease	
  to	
  
assist	
  in	
  any	
  understanding	
  of	
  the	
  system.
   elements	
  
(ii)	
  In	
  order	
  to	
  consNtute	
  a	
  complex	
  system,	
  the	
  elements	
  have	
  to	
  interact,	
  and	
  this	
  interacNon	
  
                            Complex	
  
must	
  be	
  dynamic.	
  The	
  interacNons	
  do	
  not	
  have	
  to	
  be	
  physical;	
  they	
  can	
  also	
  be	
  thought	
  of	
  as	
  

    interact	
  
the	
  transference	
  of	
  informa.on.
                         systems	
  are	
  
(iii)	
  The	
  interacNon	
  is	
  fairly	
  rich	
  ...	
  The	
  behaviour	
  of	
  the	
  system,	
  however,	
  is	
  not	
  determined	
  by	
  
the	
  exact	
  amount	
  of	
  interacNons.
  dynamically,	
   open	
  systems
(iv)	
  ...	
  interacNons	
  are	
  non-­‐linear	
  ...
(v)	
  The	
  interacNons	
  usually	
  have	
  a	
  fairly	
  short	
  range,	
  i.e.	
  informaNon	
  is	
  received	
  primarily	
  from	
  
 non-­‐linear	
  and	
  
immediate	
  neighbours	
  ...	
  This	
  does	
  not	
  preclude	
  wide	
  ranging	
  influence	
  -­‐	
  since	
  interacNon	
  is	
  
rich,	
  the	
  route	
  from	
  one	
  element	
  to	
  any	
  other	
  can	
  usually	
  be	
  covered	
  in	
  a	
  few	
  steps.	
  As	
  a	
  result	
  

        rich	
           The	
  
the	
  influence	
  gets	
  modulated	
  along	
  the	
  way.
(vi)	
  There	
  are	
  loops	
  in	
  the	
  interacNons.	
  The	
  effect	
  of	
  any	
  acNvity	
  can	
  feed	
  back	
  onto	
  itself,	
  
                   interacNons	
  
someNmes	
  directly,	
  someNmes	
  aVer	
  a	
  number	
  of	
  intervening	
  stages.	
  This	
  feedback	
  can	
  be	
  
posiNve	
  ...	
  or	
  negaNve...	
  recurrency.
                    can	
  also	
  be	
  
(vii)	
  Complex	
  systems	
  are	
  usually	
  open	
  systems...	
  it	
  is	
  oVen	
  difficult	
  to	
  define	
  the	
  border	
  of	
  a	
  
complex	
  system	
  ...	
  the	
  scope	
  ...	
  is	
  ...	
  determined	
  by	
  the	
  purpose	
  of	
  the	
  descrip.on	
  of	
  the	
  

              thought	
  of	
  as	
  the	
  
system,	
  and	
  is	
  ...	
  influenced	
  by	
  the	
  posiNon	
  of	
  the	
  observer...	
  framing.
(viii)	
  Complex	
  systems	
  operate	
  under	
  condiNons	
  far	
  from	
  from	
  equilibrium.	
  ...	
  Equilibrium	
  is	
  

                 transference	
  of	
  
another	
  word	
  for	
  death.
(xi)	
  Complex	
  systems	
  have	
  a	
  history.	
  Not	
  only	
  do	
  they	
  evolve	
  through	
  Nme,	
  but	
  their	
  past	
  is	
  co-­‐
responsible	
  for	
  their	
  present	
  behaviour.
                   informa.on
(x)	
  Each	
  element	
  in	
  the	
  system	
  is	
  ignorant	
  of	
  the	
  behaviour	
  of	
  the	
  system	
  as	
  a	
  whole.
                                                                              Complexity	
  &Postmodernism,	
  Paul	
  Cilliers,	
  1998
many	
                                                                                                      Complex	
  
(i)	
  Complex	
  systems	
  consist	
  of	
  a	
  large	
  number	
  of	
  elements	
  ...	
  convenNonal	
  means	
  ...	
  cease	
  to	
  
assist	
  in	
  any	
  understanding	
  of	
  the	
  system.
   elements	
                                                                                                      systems	
  
(ii)	
  In	
  order	
  to	
  consNtute	
  a	
  complex	
  system,	
  the	
  elements	
  have	
  to	
  interact,	
  and	
  this	
  interacNon	
  
                            Complex	
  
must	
  be	
  dynamic.	
  The	
  interacNons	
  do	
  not	
  have	
  to	
  be	
  physical;	
  they	
  can	
  also	
  be	
  thought	
  of	
  as	
  

    interact	
  
the	
  transference	
  of	
  informa.on.
                         systems	
  are	
                                                                           have	
  a	
  
(iii)	
  The	
  interacNon	
  is	
  fairly	
  rich	
  ...	
  The	
  behaviour	
  of	
  the	
  system,	
  however,	
  is	
  not	
  determined	
  by	
  
the	
  exact	
  amount	
  of	
  interacNons.
  dynamically,	
   usually	
  open	
  
(iv)	
  ...	
  interacNons	
  are	
  non-­‐linear	
  ...                                                            history
(v)	
  The	
  interacNons	
  usually	
  have	
  a	
  fairly	
  short	
  range,	
  i.e.	
  informaNon	
  is	
  received	
  primarily	
  from	
  
 non-­‐linear	
  and	
   systems
immediate	
  neighbours	
  ...	
  This	
  does	
  not	
  preclude	
  wide	
  ranging	
  influence	
  -­‐	
  since	
  interacNon	
  is	
  
rich,	
  the	
  route	
  from	
  one	
  element	
  to	
  any	
  other	
  can	
  usually	
  be	
  covered	
  in	
  a	
  few	
  steps.	
  As	
  a	
  result	
  

        rich	
           The	
  
the	
  influence	
  gets	
  modulated	
  along	
  the	
  way.
(vi)	
  There	
  are	
  loops	
  in	
  the	
  interacNons.	
  The	
  effect	
  of	
  any	
  acNvity	
  can	
  feed	
  back	
  onto	
  itself,	
  
                   interacNons	
  
someNmes	
  directly,	
  someNmes	
  aVer	
  a	
  number	
  of	
  intervening	
  stages.	
  This	
  feedback	
  can	
  be	
  
posiNve	
  ...	
  or	
  negaNve...	
  recurrency.
                    can	
  also	
  be	
  
(vii)	
  Complex	
  systems	
  are	
  usually	
  open	
  systems...	
  it	
  is	
  oVen	
  difficult	
  to	
  define	
  the	
  border	
  of	
  a	
  
complex	
  system	
  ...	
  the	
  scope	
  ...	
  is	
  ...	
  determined	
  by	
  the	
  purpose	
  of	
  the	
  descrip.on	
  of	
  the	
  

              thought	
  of	
  as	
  the	
  
system,	
  and	
  is	
  ...	
  influenced	
  by	
  the	
  posiNon	
  of	
  the	
  observer...	
  framing.
(viii)	
  Complex	
  systems	
  operate	
  under	
  condiNons	
  far	
  from	
  from	
  equilibrium.	
  ...	
  Equilibrium	
  is	
  

                 transference	
  of	
  
another	
  word	
  for	
  death.
(xi)	
  Complex	
  systems	
  have	
  a	
  history.	
  Not	
  only	
  do	
  they	
  evolve	
  through	
  Nme,	
  but	
  their	
  past	
  is	
  co-­‐
responsible	
  for	
  their	
  present	
  behaviour.
                   informa.on
(x)	
  Each	
  element	
  in	
  the	
  system	
  is	
  ignorant	
  of	
  the	
  behaviour	
  of	
  the	
  system	
  as	
  a	
  whole.
                                                                              Complexity	
  &Postmodernism,	
  Paul	
  Cilliers,	
  1998
many	
                                                                                                      Complex	
  
(i)	
  Complex	
  systems	
  consist	
  of	
  a	
  large	
  number	
  of	
  elements	
  ...	
  convenNonal	
  means	
  ...	
  cease	
  to	
  
assist	
  in	
  any	
  understanding	
  of	
  the	
  system.
   elements	
                                                                                                      systems	
  
(ii)	
  In	
  order	
  to	
  consNtute	
  a	
  complex	
  system,	
  the	
  elements	
  have	
  to	
  interact,	
  and	
  this	
  interacNon	
  
                            Complex	
  
must	
  be	
  dynamic.	
  The	
  interacNons	
  do	
  not	
  have	
  to	
  be	
  physical;	
  they	
  can	
  also	
  be	
  thought	
  of	
  as	
  

    interact	
  
the	
  transference	
  of	
  informa.on.
                         systems	
  are	
                                                                           have	
  a	
  
(iii)	
  The	
  interacNon	
  is	
  fairly	
  rich	
  ...	
  The	
  behaviour	
  of	
  the	
  system,	
  however,	
  is	
  not	
  determined	
  by	
  
the	
  exact	
  amount	
  of	
  interacNons.
  dynamically,	
   usually	
  open	
  
(iv)	
  ...	
  interacNons	
  are	
  non-­‐linear	
  ...                                                            history
(v)	
  The	
  interacNons	
  usually	
  have	
  a	
  fairly	
  short	
  range,	
  i.e.	
  informaNon	
  is	
  received	
  primarily	
  from	
  
 non-­‐linear	
  and	
   systems
immediate	
  neighbours	
  ...	
  This	
  does	
  not	
  preclude	
  wide	
  ranging	
  influence	
  -­‐	
  since	
  interacNon	
  is	
  
rich,	
  the	
  route	
  from	
  one	
  element	
  to	
  any	
  other	
  can	
  usually	
  be	
  covered	
  in	
  a	
  few	
  steps.	
  As	
  a	
  result	
  

        rich	
           The	
  
the	
  influence	
  gets	
  modulated	
  along	
  the	
  way.
(vi)	
  There	
  are	
  loops	
  in	
  the	
  interacNons.	
  The	
  effect	
  of	
  any	
  acNvity	
  can	
  feed	
  back	
  onto	
  itself,	
  
                   interacNons	
  
someNmes	
  directly,	
  someNmes	
  aVer	
  a	
  number	
  of	
  intervening	
  stages.	
  This	
  feedback	
  can	
  be	
  
posiNve	
  ...	
  or	
  negaNve...	
  recurrency.
                    can	
  also	
  be	
                                                                        interacNons	
  
(vii)	
  Complex	
  systems	
  are	
  usually	
  open	
  systems...	
  it	
  is	
  oVen	
  difficult	
  to	
  define	
  the	
  border	
  of	
  a	
  
complex	
  system	
  ...	
  the	
  scope	
  ...	
  is	
  ...	
  determined	
  by	
  the	
  purpose	
  of	
  the	
  descrip.on	
  of	
  the	
  

              thought	
  of	
  as	
  the	
  
system,	
  and	
  is	
  ...	
  influenced	
  by	
  the	
  posiNon	
  of	
  the	
  observer...	
  framing.       have	
  a	
  short	
  
(viii)	
  Complex	
  systems	
  operate	
  under	
  condiNons	
  far	
  from	
  from	
  equilibrium.	
  ...	
  Equilibrium	
  is	
  
                                                                                                             range	
  and	
  wide	
  
                 transference	
  of	
  
another	
  word	
  for	
  death.
(xi)	
  Complex	
  systems	
  have	
  a	
  history.	
  Not	
  only	
  do	
  they	
  evolve	
  through	
  Nme,	
  but	
  their	
  past	
  is	
  co-­‐
responsible	
  for	
  their	
  present	
  behaviour.                                                              ranging	
  
                   informa.on                                                                                    influence	
  
(x)	
  Each	
  element	
  in	
  the	
  system	
  is	
  ignorant	
  of	
  the	
  behaviour	
  of	
  the	
  system	
  as	
  a	
  whole.
                                                                              Complexity	
  &Postmodernism,	
  Paul	
  Cilliers,	
  1998
many	
                                                                                                  Complex	
  
(i)	
  Complex	
  systems	
  consist	
  of	
  a	
  large	
  number	
  of	
  elements	
  ...	
  convenNonal	
  means	
  ...	
  cease	
  to	
  
assist	
  in	
  any	
  understanding	
  of	
  the	
  system.
        elements	
                                                                                                 systems	
  
(ii)	
  In	
  order	
  to	
  consNtute	
  a	
  complex	
  system,	
  the	
  elements	
  have	
  to	
  interact,	
  and	
  this	
  interacNon	
  
                                   Complex	
  
must	
  be	
  dynamic.	
  The	
  interacNons	
  do	
  not	
  have	
  to	
  be	
  physical;	
  they	
  can	
  also	
  be	
  thought	
  of	
  as	
  

         interact	
  
the	
  transference	
  of	
  informa.on.
                                systems	
  are	
                                                                    have	
  a	
  
(iii)	
  The	
  interacNon	
  is	
  fairly	
  rich	
  ...	
  The	
  behaviour	
  of	
  the	
  system,	
  however,	
  is	
  not	
  determined	
  by	
  
the	
  exact	
  amount	
  of	
  interacNons.
   dynamically,	
   usually	
  open	
  
(iv)	
  ...	
  interacNons	
  are	
  non-­‐linear	
  ...                                                            history
(v)	
  The	
  interacNons	
  usually	
  have	
  a	
  fairly	
  short	
  range,	
  i.e.	
  informaNon	
  is	
  received	
  primarily	
  from	
  
 non-­‐linear	
  and	
   systems
immediate	
  neighbours	
  ...	
  This	
  does	
  not	
  preclude	
  wide	
  ranging	
  influence	
  -­‐	
  since	
  interacNon	
  is	
  
rich,	
  the	
  route	
  from	
  one	
  element	
  to	
  any	
  other	
  can	
  usually	
  be	
  covered	
  in	
  a	
  few	
  steps.	
  As	
  a	
  result	
  

            rich	
              The	
  
the	
  influence	
  gets	
  modulated	
  along	
  the	
  way.
(vi)	
  There	
  are	
  loops	
  in	
  the	
  interacNons.	
  The	
  effect	
  of	
  any	
  acNvity	
  can	
  feed	
  back	
  onto	
  itself,	
  
                          interacNons	
  
someNmes	
  directly,	
  someNmes	
  aVer	
  a	
  number	
  of	
  intervening	
  stages.	
  This	
  feedback	
  can	
  be	
  
posiNve	
  ...	
  or	
  negaNve...	
  recurrency.
                           can	
  also	
  be	
                                                                 interacNons	
  
(vii)	
  Complex	
  systems	
  are	
  usually	
  open	
  systems...	
  it	
  is	
  oVen	
  difficult	
  to	
  define	
  the	
  border	
  of	
  a	
  
complex	
  system	
  ...	
  the	
  scope	
  ...	
  is	
  ...	
  determined	
  by	
  the	
  purpose	
  of	
  the	
  descrip.on	
  of	
  the	
  

                     thought	
  of	
  as	
  the	
  
system,	
  and	
  is	
  ...	
  influenced	
  by	
  the	
  posiNon	
  of	
  the	
  observer...	
  framing.       have	
  a	
  short	
  
(viii)	
  Complex	
  systems	
  operate	
  under	
  condiNons	
  far	
  from	
  from	
  equilibrium.	
  ...	
  Equilibrium	
  is	
  
                                                                                                             range	
  and	
  wide	
  
         There	
   transference	
  of	
  
another	
  word	
  for	
  death.
(xi)	
  Complex	
  systems	
  have	
  a	
  history.	
  Not	
  only	
  do	
  they	
  evolve	
  through	
  Nme,	
  but	
  their	
  past	
  is	
  co-­‐
                                                                                                                  ranging	
  
   are	
  loops	
  in	
  
responsible	
  for	
  their	
  present	
  behaviour.
                          informa.on                                                                             influence	
  
(x)	
  Each	
  element	
  in	
  the	
  system	
  is	
  ignorant	
  of	
  the	
  behaviour	
  of	
  the	
  system	
  as	
  a	
  whole.
 the	
  interacNons                                                           Complexity	
  &Postmodernism,	
  Paul	
  Cilliers,	
  1998
many	
                                                                                                  Complex	
  
(i)	
  Complex	
  systems	
  consist	
  of	
  a	
  large	
  number	
  of	
  elements	
  ...	
  convenNonal	
  means	
  ...	
  cease	
  to	
  
assist	
  in	
  any	
  understanding	
  of	
  the	
  system.
        elements	
                                                                                                 systems	
  
(ii)	
  In	
  order	
  to	
  consNtute	
  a	
  complex	
  system,	
  the	
  elements	
  have	
  to	
  interact,	
  and	
  this	
  interacNon	
  
                                   Complex	
  
must	
  be	
  dynamic.	
  The	
  interacNons	
  do	
  not	
  have	
  to	
  be	
  physical;	
  they	
  can	
  also	
  be	
  thought	
  of	
  as	
  

         interact	
  
the	
  transference	
  of	
  informa.on.
                                systems	
  are	
                                                                    have	
  a	
  
(iii)	
  The	
  interacNon	
  is	
  fairly	
  rich	
  ...	
  The	
  behaviour	
  of	
  the	
  system,	
  however,	
  is	
  not	
  determined	
  by	
  
the	
  exact	
  amount	
  of	
  interacNons.
   dynamically,	
   usually	
  open	
  
(iv)	
  ...	
  interacNons	
  are	
  non-­‐linear	
  ...                                                            history
(v)	
  The	
  interacNons	
  usually	
  have	
  a	
  fairly	
  short	
  range,	
  i.e.	
  informaNon	
  is	
  received	
  primarily	
  from	
  
 non-­‐linear	
  and	
   systems
immediate	
  neighbours	
  ...	
  This	
  does	
  not	
  preclude	
  wide	
  ranging	
  influence	
  -­‐	
  since	
  interacNon	
  is	
  
rich,	
  the	
  route	
  from	
  one	
  element	
  to	
  any	
  other	
  can	
  usually	
  be	
  covered	
  in	
  a	
  few	
  steps.	
  As	
  a	
  result	
  

            rich	
  
        Complex	
               The	
  
the	
  influence	
  gets	
  modulated	
  along	
  the	
  way.
(vi)	
  There	
  are	
  loops	
  in	
  the	
  interacNons.	
  The	
  effect	
  of	
  any	
  acNvity	
  can	
  feed	
  back	
  onto	
  itself,	
  
         Systems	
   interacNons	
  
someNmes	
  directly,	
  someNmes	
  aVer	
  a	
  number	
  of	
  intervening	
  stages.	
  This	
  feedback	
  can	
  be	
  
posiNve	
  ...	
  or	
  negaNve...	
  recurrency.
 operate	
  far	
  from	
  
                           can	
  also	
  be	
                                                                 interacNons	
  
(vii)	
  Complex	
  systems	
  are	
  usually	
  open	
  systems...	
  it	
  is	
  oVen	
  difficult	
  to	
  define	
  the	
  border	
  of	
  a	
  
    equilibrium
complex	
  system	
  ...	
  the	
  scope	
  ...	
  is	
  ...	
  determined	
  by	
  the	
  purpose	
  of	
  the	
  descrip.on	
  of	
  the	
  

                     thought	
  of	
  as	
  the	
  
system,	
  and	
  is	
  ...	
  influenced	
  by	
  the	
  posiNon	
  of	
  the	
  observer...	
  framing.       have	
  a	
  short	
  
(viii)	
  Complex	
  systems	
  operate	
  under	
  condiNons	
  far	
  from	
  from	
  equilibrium.	
  ...	
  Equilibrium	
  is	
  
                                                                                                             range	
  and	
  wide	
  
         There	
   transference	
  of	
  
another	
  word	
  for	
  death.
(xi)	
  Complex	
  systems	
  have	
  a	
  history.	
  Not	
  only	
  do	
  they	
  evolve	
  through	
  Nme,	
  but	
  their	
  past	
  is	
  co-­‐
                                                                                                                  ranging	
  
   are	
  loops	
  in	
  
responsible	
  for	
  their	
  present	
  behaviour.
                          informa.on                                                                             influence	
  
(x)	
  Each	
  element	
  in	
  the	
  system	
  is	
  ignorant	
  of	
  the	
  behaviour	
  of	
  the	
  system	
  as	
  a	
  whole.
 the	
  interacNons                                                           Complexity	
  &Postmodernism,	
  Paul	
  Cilliers,	
  1998
many	
                                                                                                  Complex	
  
(i)	
  Complex	
  systems	
  consist	
  of	
  a	
  large	
  number	
  of	
  elements	
  ...	
  convenNonal	
  means	
  ...	
  cease	
  to	
  
assist	
  in	
  any	
  understanding	
  of	
  the	
  system.
        elements	
                                                                                                 systems	
  
(ii)	
  In	
  order	
  to	
  consNtute	
  a	
  complex	
  system,	
  the	
  elements	
  have	
  to	
  interact,	
  and	
  this	
  interacNon	
  
                                   Complex	
  
must	
  be	
  dynamic.	
  The	
  interacNons	
  do	
  not	
  have	
  to	
  be	
  physical;	
  they	
  can	
  also	
  be	
  thought	
  of	
  as	
  

         interact	
  
the	
  transference	
  of	
  informa.on.
                                systems	
  are	
                                                                    have	
  a	
  
(iii)	
  The	
  interacNon	
  is	
  fairly	
  rich	
  ...	
  The	
  behaviour	
  of	
  the	
  system,	
  however,	
  is	
  not	
  determined	
  by	
  
the	
  exact	
  amount	
  of	
  interacNons.
   dynamically,	
   usually	
  open	
  
(iv)	
  ...	
  interacNons	
  are	
  non-­‐linear	
  ...                                                            history
                                                                                                             Each	
  
(v)	
  The	
  interacNons	
  usually	
  have	
  a	
  fairly	
  short	
  range,	
  i.e.	
  informaNon	
  is	
  received	
  primarily	
  from	
  
 non-­‐linear	
  and	
   systems
immediate	
  neighbours	
  ...	
  This	
  does	
  not	
  preclude	
  wide	
  ranging	
  influence	
  -­‐	
  since	
  interacNon	
  is	
  
rich,	
  the	
  route	
  from	
  one	
  element	
  to	
  any	
  other	
  can	
  usually	
  be	
  covered	
  in	
  a	
  in	
  tsteps.	
  As	
  a	
  result	
  
                                                                                                  element	
   few	
   he	
  
            rich	
  
        Complex	
               The	
  
the	
  influence	
  gets	
  modulated	
  along	
  the	
  way.
                                                                                               system	
  is	
  ignorant	
  
(vi)	
  There	
  are	
  loops	
  in	
  the	
  interacNons.	
  The	
  effect	
  of	
  any	
  acNvity	
  can	
  feed	
  back	
  onto	
  itself,	
  
         Systems	
   interacNons	
                                                            of	
  the	
  behaviour	
  of	
  
someNmes	
  directly,	
  someNmes	
  aVer	
  a	
  number	
  of	
  intervening	
  stages.	
  This	
  feedback	
  can	
  be	
  
posiNve	
  ...	
  or	
  negaNve...	
  recurrency.
 operate	
  far	
  from	
  
(vii)	
  Complex	
  systems	
  are	
  usually	
  open	
  systems...	
  it	
  is	
  oVen	
  difficult	
  to	
  define	
  the	
  aorder	
  of	
  a	
  
                                                                                                 the	
  system	
  as	
   b 	
  
                           can	
  also	
  be	
                                                                 interacNons	
  
                                                                                                           whole
    equilibrium
complex	
  system	
  ...	
  the	
  scope	
  ...	
  is	
  ...	
  determined	
  by	
  the	
  purpose	
  of	
  the	
  descrip.on	
  of	
  the	
  

                     thought	
  of	
  as	
  the	
  
system,	
  and	
  is	
  ...	
  influenced	
  by	
  the	
  posiNon	
  of	
  the	
  observer...	
  framing.       have	
  a	
  short	
  
(viii)	
  Complex	
  systems	
  operate	
  under	
  condiNons	
  far	
  from	
  from	
  equilibrium.	
  ...	
  Equilibrium	
  is	
  
                                                                                                             range	
  and	
  wide	
  
         There	
   transference	
  of	
  
another	
  word	
  for	
  death.
(xi)	
  Complex	
  systems	
  have	
  a	
  history.	
  Not	
  only	
  do	
  they	
  evolve	
  through	
  Nme,	
  but	
  their	
  past	
  is	
  co-­‐
                                                                                                                  ranging	
  
   are	
  loops	
  in	
  
responsible	
  for	
  their	
  present	
  behaviour.
                          informa.on                                                                             influence	
  
(x)	
  Each	
  element	
  in	
  the	
  system	
  is	
  ignorant	
  of	
  the	
  behaviour	
  of	
  the	
  system	
  as	
  a	
  whole.
 the	
  interacNons                                                           Complexity	
  &Postmodernism,	
  Paul	
  Cilliers,	
  1998
many	
                                                                                                  Complex	
  
(i)	
  Complex	
  systems	
  consist	
  of	
  a	
  large	
  number	
  of	
  elements	
  ...	
  convenNonal	
  means	
  ...	
  cease	
  to	
  
assist	
  in	
  any	
  understanding	
  of	
  the	
  system.
        elements	
                                                                                                 systems	
  
(ii)	
  In	
  order	
  to	
  consNtute	
  a	
  complex	
  system,	
  the	
  elements	
  have	
  to	
  interact,	
  and	
  this	
  interacNon	
  
                                   Complex	
  
must	
  be	
  dynamic.	
  The	
  interacNons	
  do	
  not	
  have	
  to	
  be	
  physical;	
  they	
  can	
  also	
  be	
  thought	
  of	
  as	
  

         interact	
  
the	
  transference	
  of	
  informa.on.
                                systems	
  are	
                                                                    have	
  a	
  
(iii)	
  The	
  interacNon	
  is	
  fairly	
  rich	
  ...	
  The	
  behaviour	
  of	
  the	
  system,	
  however,	
  is	
  not	
  determined	
  by	
  
the	
  exact	
  amount	
  of	
  interacNons.
   dynamically,	
   usually	
  open	
  
(iv)	
  ...	
  interacNons	
  are	
  non-­‐linear	
  ...                                                            history
                                                                                                            Each	
  
(v)	
  The	
  interacNons	
  usually	
  have	
  a	
  fairly	
  short	
  range,	
  i.e.	
  informaNon	
  is	
  received	
  primarily	
  from	
  
 non-­‐linear	
  and	
   systems
immediate	
  neighbours	
  ...	
  This	
  does	
  not	
  preclude	
  wide	
  ranging	
  influence	
  -­‐	
  since	
  interacNon	
  is	
  
                  What	
  
rich,	
  the	
  route	
  from	
  one	
  element	
  to	
  any	
  other	
  can	
  usually	
  be	
  covered	
  in	
  a	
  in	
  tsteps.	
  As	
  a	
  result	
  
                                                                                                  element	
   few	
   he	
  
            rich	
  
                concrete	
  
        Complex	
               The	
  
the	
  influence	
  gets	
  modulated	
  along	
  the	
  way.
                                                                                               system	
  is	
  ignorant	
  
(vi)	
  There	
  are	
  loops	
  in	
  the	
  interacNons.	
  The	
  effect	
  of	
  any	
  acNvity	
  can	
  feed	
  back	
  onto	
  itself,	
  
someNmes	
  directly,	
  of	
  
         examples	
   someNmes	
  aVer	
  a	
  number	
  of	
  intervening	
  he	
  behaviour	
  oan	
  be	
  
         Systems	
   interacNons	
                                                            of	
  t stages.	
  This	
  feedback	
  c f	
  
 complex	
  systems	
  
posiNve	
  ...	
  or	
  negaNve...	
  recurrency.
 operate	
  far	
  from	
  
(vii)	
  Complex	
  systems	
  are	
  usually	
  open	
  systems...	
  it	
  is	
  oVen	
  difficult	
  to	
  define	
  the	
  aorder	
  of	
  a	
  
                                                                                                 the	
  system	
  as	
   b 	
  
                           can	
  also	
  be	
                                                                 interacNons	
  
complex	
  system	
  ...	
  the	
  of	
   ...	
  is	
  ...	
  determined	
  by	
  the	
  purpose	
  of	
  the	
  descrip.on	
  of	
  the	
  
  can	
  you	
  think	
  scope	
                                                                           whole
    equilibrium
                     thought	
  of	
  as	
  the	
  
system,	
  and	
  is	
  ...	
  influenced	
  by	
  the	
  posiNon	
  of	
  the	
  observer...	
  framing.
                 NOW?                                                                                          have	
  a	
  short	
  
(viii)	
  Complex	
  systems	
  operate	
  under	
  condiNons	
  far	
  from	
  from	
  equilibrium.	
  ...	
  Equilibrium	
  is	
  
                                                                                                             range	
  and	
  wide	
  
         There	
   transference	
  of	
  
another	
  word	
  for	
  death.
(xi)	
  Complex	
  systems	
  have	
  a	
  history.	
  Not	
  only	
  do	
  they	
  evolve	
  through	
  Nme,	
  but	
  their	
  past	
  is	
  co-­‐
                                                                                                                  ranging	
  
   are	
  loops	
  in	
  
responsible	
  for	
  their	
  present	
  behaviour.
                          informa.on                                                                             influence	
  
(x)	
  Each	
  element	
  in	
  the	
  system	
  is	
  ignorant	
  of	
  the	
  behaviour	
  of	
  the	
  system	
  as	
  a	
  whole.
 the	
  interacNons                                                           Complexity	
  &Postmodernism,	
  Paul	
  Cilliers,	
  1998
Brains,	
  bacteria,	
  immune	
  systems,	
  the	
  Internet,	
  
countries,	
  gardens,	
  ciLes,	
  beehives…
They’re	
  all	
  complex	
  adapLve	
  systems.
A	
  team	
  is	
  a	
  complex	
  adapLve	
  system	
  (CAS),	
  
because	
  it	
  consists	
  of	
  parts	
  (people)	
  that	
  form	
  a	
  
system	
  (team),	
  which	
  shows	
  complex	
  behavior	
  
while	
  it	
  keeps	
  adap.ng	
  to	
  a	
  changing	
  
environment.
Chaos	
  
         is	
  any	
  state	
  
       of	
  confusion	
  or	
  
disorder,	
  randomness,	
  
 a	
  lack	
  of	
  intelligible	
  
            pattern	
  or	
  
        combination




                                       hVp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaos
Süddeutsche	
  Zeitung,	
  Nr.	
  176,	
  1.	
  August	
  2012	
  
Kitty Kraus, People’s Choice Prize at the Hamburgerbahnhof 2011
The	
  Nunchaku	
  Bruce	
  Lee	
  vs	
  Danny	
  Inosanto,	
  "Game	
  of	
  Death"	
  (1978)
Once	
  there	
  was	
  a	
  software	
  business	
  with
unhappy	
  customers
Customer	
  satisfaction	
  was	
  low	
  because	
  of	
  low
      quality	
  and	
  productivity
Quality	
  and	
  productivity	
  were	
  low	
  because	
  there	
  was
lack	
  of	
  skills	
  and	
  discipline
Customer	
  dissatisfaction	
  increased
        pressure	
  on	
  teams
Stress	
  at	
  work	
  meant
no	
  time	
  for
education
No	
  education	
  meant
no	
  skills	
  and
no	
  discipline
Customer	
  pressure	
  led	
  to
  unhappy	
  teams
Lack	
  of	
  skills	
  and	
  unhappy	
  customers	
  added	
  to
                                          decreasing
                                          motivation
Decreased
    motivation
     added	
  to
 decreasing
productivity
We	
  call	
  this	
  a
                           Causal	
  Loop	
  Diagram




(Some	
  call	
  it	
  a
Diagram	
  of	
  Effects)
It	
  shows	
  the	
  business	
  suffered	
  from
                     vicious	
  cycles
And	
  not	
  just	
  one,	
  but
                   many
Management	
  saw
revenues	
  declining
They	
  tried	
  to	
  support
improvement	
  while
cutting	
  budgets
Meanwhile,	
  technological	
  pressure	
  was	
  increasing




And	
  due	
  to	
  the	
  crisis,	
  economic	
  pressure	
  also	
  went	
  up
Needless	
  to	
  say,	
  this	
  business	
  was




DOOMED
Grow	
  
       Structure

Prinzessinnengärten	
  Berlin	
  
„...organizaNons	
  
                             which	
  design	
  
                  systems	
  ...	
  are	
  constrained	
  
                   to	
  produce	
  designs	
  which	
  
                     are	
  copies	
  of	
  the	
  com-­‐
                    municaNon	
  structures	
  of	
  
                     these	
  organizaNons.“	
  
Conway’s	
  law
Darkness	
  
Principle
Misfit by Thomas Grünfeld
Agile	
  
Agile	
  Team	
  
 Startup	
  
Step	
  1:	
  Product
  "The	
  minimum	
  plan	
  
   necessary	
  to	
  start	
  a	
  
Scrum	
  project	
  consists	
  of	
  
 a	
  vision	
  and	
  a	
  Product	
  
           Backlog"
Step	
  1:	
  Product	
  
  Co-­‐Create	
  the	
  Team	
  
    Vision	
  and	
  iniNal	
  
Product	
  Backlog	
  with	
  the	
  
    Product	
  Owners
Step	
  
           2:	
  Journey	
  Lines	
  
   fosters	
  self-­‐organizaNon	
  
      and	
  cross-­‐funcNonal	
  
 behavior	
  because	
  it	
  reveals	
  a	
  
  person’s	
  skills,	
  experiences,	
  
background.	
  This	
  way,	
  the	
  rest	
  
   of	
  the	
  team	
  knows	
  what	
  
     this	
  person	
  “brings	
  to	
  
                 the	
  party.”	
  




                                                 Journey Lines by Lyssa Adkins
Step	
  3:	
  Grow	
  
               Structure
       Co-­‐Design	
  the	
  team-­‐
structure	
  and	
  decide	
  who	
  is	
  
in	
  which	
  team,	
  agree	
  on	
  the	
  
 roles	
  and	
  what	
  the	
  teams	
  
         want	
  to	
  achieve	
  
               together.
                                                 Meddlers Game by Jurgen Appelo (Management 3.0)
Step	
  3:	
  Grow	
  
          Structure
 Choose	
  team	
  members	
  
 according	
  to	
  interest	
  in	
  
the	
  main	
  feature	
  area(s)	
  
   and	
  who	
  wants	
  to	
  
        work	
  together
                                         Meddlers Game by Jurgen Appelo (Management 3.0)
Step	
  3:	
  Grow	
  
                                                               Structure
                                                     Decide	
  on	
  structure	
  for	
  
                                                     first	
  teams	
  in	
  fish	
  bowl
hVp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fishbowl_(conversaLon)
Complexity Thinking
1.   Address	
  complexity	
  with	
  complexity
2.   Use	
  a	
  diversity	
  of	
  perspecNves
3.   Assume	
  dependence	
  on	
  context
4.   Assume	
  subjecNvity	
  and	
  coevoluNon
5.   AnNcipate,	
  adapt,	
  explore
6.   Develop	
  models	
  in	
  collaboraNon
7.   Shorten	
  the	
  feedback	
  cycle
8.   Steal	
  and	
  tweak
Start
Complexity	
  
  Doing




                 When Faith Moves Mountains by Francis Alÿs
For	
  a	
  book	
  list	
  and	
  references	
  write	
  an	
  e-­‐mail	
  to	
  stefan.haas@haaslab.net	
  or	
  
                                                                       contact	
  me	
  on	
  twiher	
  @haaslab
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From Chaos to Complexity - Understanding Complex Systems

  • 1. From   Chaos  to   Complexity  -­‐   A  Point  of  View  for   the  Manager  in  the   21st  Century Stefan  Haas Agile  Coach  &   Trainer  @haaslab www.haaslab.net
  • 2. „I   am  very  relaxed   now,  since  I  am   responsible  for  what  I   am  saying,  you  are   responsible  for  what   you  are  hearing”     Humberto  Maturana,  transmediale08,  2008,  Berlin,  Haus  der  Kulturen  der  Welt
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5. Charlie  Todd:  The  shared  experience  of  absurdity,  TED,  2011
  • 6.
  • 7. BARRIERS   TO  FURTHER   AGILE  ADOPTION   For  over  half  of  the   respondents,  the  inability   to  change  their   organization’s  culture   was  the  biggest   problem. http://www.versionone.com/pdf/2011_State_of_Agile_Development_Survey_Results.pdf
  • 8. What  is  a   complex  system?
  • 9. “complexity   entails  that,  in  a   system,  there  are   more  possibiliNes   than  can  be   actualized”   Niklas  Luhmann  in  Complexity  &  Postmodernism,  Paul  Cilliers,  1998
  • 10. (i)  Complex  systems  consist  of  a  large  number  of  elements  ...  convenNonal  means  ...  cease  to   assist  in  any  understanding  of  the  system. (ii)  In  order  to  consNtute  a  complex  system,  the  elements  have  to  interact,  and  this  interacNon   must  be  dynamic.  The  interacNons  do  not  have  to  be  physical;  they  can  also  be  thought  of  as   the  transference  of  informa.on. (iii)  The  interacNon  is  fairly  rich  ...  The  behaviour  of  the  system,  however,  is  not  determined  by   the  exact  amount  of  interacNons. (iv)  ...  interacNons  are  non-­‐linear  ... (v)  The  interacNons  usually  have  a  fairly  short  range,  i.e.  informaNon  is  received  primarily  from   immediate  neighbours  ...  This  does  not  preclude  wide  ranging  influence  -­‐  since  interacNon  is   rich,  the  route  from  one  element  to  any  other  can  usually  be  covered  in  a  few  steps.  As  a  result   the  influence  gets  modulated  along  the  way. (vi)  There  are  loops  in  the  interacNons.  The  effect  of  any  acNvity  can  feed  back  onto  itself,   someNmes  directly,  someNmes  aVer  a  number  of  intervening  stages.  This  feedback  can  be   posiNve  ...  or  negaNve...  recurrency. (vii)  Complex  systems  are  usually  open  systems...  it  is  oVen  difficult  to  define  the  border  of  a   complex  system  ...  the  scope  ...  is  ...  determined  by  the  purpose  of  the  descrip.on  of  the   system,  and  is  ...  influenced  by  the  posiNon  of  the  observer...  framing. (viii)  Complex  systems  operate  under  condiNons  far  from  from  equilibrium.  ...  Equilibrium  is   another  word  for  death. (xi)  Complex  systems  have  a  history.  Not  only  do  they  evolve  through  Nme,  but  their  past  is  co-­‐ responsible  for  their  present  behaviour. (x)  Each  element  in  the  system  is  ignorant  of  the  behaviour  of  the  system  as  a  whole. Complexity  &  Postmodernism,  Paul  Cilliers,  1998
  • 11. many   (i)  Complex  systems  consist  of  a  large  number  of  elements  ...  convenNonal  means  ...  cease  to   assist  in  any  understanding  of  the  system. elements   (ii)  In  order  to  consNtute  a  complex  system,  the  elements  have  to  interact,  and  this  interacNon   must  be  dynamic.  The  interacNons  do  not  have  to  be  physical;  they  can  also  be  thought  of  as   interact   the  transference  of  informa.on. (iii)  The  interacNon  is  fairly  rich  ...  The  behaviour  of  the  system,  however,  is  not  determined  by   the  exact  amount  of  interacNons. dynamically,   (iv)  ...  interacNons  are  non-­‐linear  ... (v)  The  interacNons  usually  have  a  fairly  short  range,  i.e.  informaNon  is  received  primarily  from   non-­‐linear  and   immediate  neighbours  ...  This  does  not  preclude  wide  ranging  influence  -­‐  since  interacNon  is   rich,  the  route  from  one  element  to  any  other  can  usually  be  covered  in  a  few  steps.  As  a  result   rich   the  influence  gets  modulated  along  the  way. (vi)  There  are  loops  in  the  interacNons.  The  effect  of  any  acNvity  can  feed  back  onto  itself,   someNmes  directly,  someNmes  aVer  a  number  of  intervening  stages.  This  feedback  can  be   posiNve  ...  or  negaNve...  recurrency. (vii)  Complex  systems  are  usually  open  systems...  it  is  oVen  difficult  to  define  the  border  of  a   complex  system  ...  the  scope  ...  is  ...  determined  by  the  purpose  of  the  descrip.on  of  the   system,  and  is  ...  influenced  by  the  posiNon  of  the  observer...  framing. (viii)  Complex  systems  operate  under  condiNons  far  from  from  equilibrium.  ...  Equilibrium  is   another  word  for  death. (xi)  Complex  systems  have  a  history.  Not  only  do  they  evolve  through  Nme,  but  their  past  is  co-­‐ responsible  for  their  present  behaviour. (x)  Each  element  in  the  system  is  ignorant  of  the  behaviour  of  the  system  as  a  whole. Complexity  &Postmodernism,  Paul  Cilliers,  1998
  • 12. many   (i)  Complex  systems  consist  of  a  large  number  of  elements  ...  convenNonal  means  ...  cease  to   assist  in  any  understanding  of  the  system. elements   (ii)  In  order  to  consNtute  a  complex  system,  the  elements  have  to  interact,  and  this  interacNon   must  be  dynamic.  The  interacNons  do  not  have  to  be  physical;  they  can  also  be  thought  of  as   interact   the  transference  of  informa.on. (iii)  The  interacNon  is  fairly  rich  ...  The  behaviour  of  the  system,  however,  is  not  determined  by   the  exact  amount  of  interacNons. dynamically,   (iv)  ...  interacNons  are  non-­‐linear  ... (v)  The  interacNons  usually  have  a  fairly  short  range,  i.e.  informaNon  is  received  primarily  from   non-­‐linear  and   immediate  neighbours  ...  This  does  not  preclude  wide  ranging  influence  -­‐  since  interacNon  is   rich,  the  route  from  one  element  to  any  other  can  usually  be  covered  in  a  few  steps.  As  a  result   rich   The   the  influence  gets  modulated  along  the  way. (vi)  There  are  loops  in  the  interacNons.  The  effect  of  any  acNvity  can  feed  back  onto  itself,   interacNons   someNmes  directly,  someNmes  aVer  a  number  of  intervening  stages.  This  feedback  can  be   posiNve  ...  or  negaNve...  recurrency. can  also  be   (vii)  Complex  systems  are  usually  open  systems...  it  is  oVen  difficult  to  define  the  border  of  a   complex  system  ...  the  scope  ...  is  ...  determined  by  the  purpose  of  the  descrip.on  of  the   thought  of  as  the   system,  and  is  ...  influenced  by  the  posiNon  of  the  observer...  framing. (viii)  Complex  systems  operate  under  condiNons  far  from  from  equilibrium.  ...  Equilibrium  is   transference  of   another  word  for  death. (xi)  Complex  systems  have  a  history.  Not  only  do  they  evolve  through  Nme,  but  their  past  is  co-­‐ responsible  for  their  present  behaviour. informa.on (x)  Each  element  in  the  system  is  ignorant  of  the  behaviour  of  the  system  as  a  whole. Complexity  &Postmodernism,  Paul  Cilliers,  1998
  • 13. many   (i)  Complex  systems  consist  of  a  large  number  of  elements  ...  convenNonal  means  ...  cease  to   assist  in  any  understanding  of  the  system. elements   (ii)  In  order  to  consNtute  a  complex  system,  the  elements  have  to  interact,  and  this  interacNon   Complex   must  be  dynamic.  The  interacNons  do  not  have  to  be  physical;  they  can  also  be  thought  of  as   interact   the  transference  of  informa.on. systems  are   (iii)  The  interacNon  is  fairly  rich  ...  The  behaviour  of  the  system,  however,  is  not  determined  by   the  exact  amount  of  interacNons. dynamically,   open  systems (iv)  ...  interacNons  are  non-­‐linear  ... (v)  The  interacNons  usually  have  a  fairly  short  range,  i.e.  informaNon  is  received  primarily  from   non-­‐linear  and   immediate  neighbours  ...  This  does  not  preclude  wide  ranging  influence  -­‐  since  interacNon  is   rich,  the  route  from  one  element  to  any  other  can  usually  be  covered  in  a  few  steps.  As  a  result   rich   The   the  influence  gets  modulated  along  the  way. (vi)  There  are  loops  in  the  interacNons.  The  effect  of  any  acNvity  can  feed  back  onto  itself,   interacNons   someNmes  directly,  someNmes  aVer  a  number  of  intervening  stages.  This  feedback  can  be   posiNve  ...  or  negaNve...  recurrency. can  also  be   (vii)  Complex  systems  are  usually  open  systems...  it  is  oVen  difficult  to  define  the  border  of  a   complex  system  ...  the  scope  ...  is  ...  determined  by  the  purpose  of  the  descrip.on  of  the   thought  of  as  the   system,  and  is  ...  influenced  by  the  posiNon  of  the  observer...  framing. (viii)  Complex  systems  operate  under  condiNons  far  from  from  equilibrium.  ...  Equilibrium  is   transference  of   another  word  for  death. (xi)  Complex  systems  have  a  history.  Not  only  do  they  evolve  through  Nme,  but  their  past  is  co-­‐ responsible  for  their  present  behaviour. informa.on (x)  Each  element  in  the  system  is  ignorant  of  the  behaviour  of  the  system  as  a  whole. Complexity  &Postmodernism,  Paul  Cilliers,  1998
  • 14. many   Complex   (i)  Complex  systems  consist  of  a  large  number  of  elements  ...  convenNonal  means  ...  cease  to   assist  in  any  understanding  of  the  system. elements   systems   (ii)  In  order  to  consNtute  a  complex  system,  the  elements  have  to  interact,  and  this  interacNon   Complex   must  be  dynamic.  The  interacNons  do  not  have  to  be  physical;  they  can  also  be  thought  of  as   interact   the  transference  of  informa.on. systems  are   have  a   (iii)  The  interacNon  is  fairly  rich  ...  The  behaviour  of  the  system,  however,  is  not  determined  by   the  exact  amount  of  interacNons. dynamically,   usually  open   (iv)  ...  interacNons  are  non-­‐linear  ... history (v)  The  interacNons  usually  have  a  fairly  short  range,  i.e.  informaNon  is  received  primarily  from   non-­‐linear  and   systems immediate  neighbours  ...  This  does  not  preclude  wide  ranging  influence  -­‐  since  interacNon  is   rich,  the  route  from  one  element  to  any  other  can  usually  be  covered  in  a  few  steps.  As  a  result   rich   The   the  influence  gets  modulated  along  the  way. (vi)  There  are  loops  in  the  interacNons.  The  effect  of  any  acNvity  can  feed  back  onto  itself,   interacNons   someNmes  directly,  someNmes  aVer  a  number  of  intervening  stages.  This  feedback  can  be   posiNve  ...  or  negaNve...  recurrency. can  also  be   (vii)  Complex  systems  are  usually  open  systems...  it  is  oVen  difficult  to  define  the  border  of  a   complex  system  ...  the  scope  ...  is  ...  determined  by  the  purpose  of  the  descrip.on  of  the   thought  of  as  the   system,  and  is  ...  influenced  by  the  posiNon  of  the  observer...  framing. (viii)  Complex  systems  operate  under  condiNons  far  from  from  equilibrium.  ...  Equilibrium  is   transference  of   another  word  for  death. (xi)  Complex  systems  have  a  history.  Not  only  do  they  evolve  through  Nme,  but  their  past  is  co-­‐ responsible  for  their  present  behaviour. informa.on (x)  Each  element  in  the  system  is  ignorant  of  the  behaviour  of  the  system  as  a  whole. Complexity  &Postmodernism,  Paul  Cilliers,  1998
  • 15. many   Complex   (i)  Complex  systems  consist  of  a  large  number  of  elements  ...  convenNonal  means  ...  cease  to   assist  in  any  understanding  of  the  system. elements   systems   (ii)  In  order  to  consNtute  a  complex  system,  the  elements  have  to  interact,  and  this  interacNon   Complex   must  be  dynamic.  The  interacNons  do  not  have  to  be  physical;  they  can  also  be  thought  of  as   interact   the  transference  of  informa.on. systems  are   have  a   (iii)  The  interacNon  is  fairly  rich  ...  The  behaviour  of  the  system,  however,  is  not  determined  by   the  exact  amount  of  interacNons. dynamically,   usually  open   (iv)  ...  interacNons  are  non-­‐linear  ... history (v)  The  interacNons  usually  have  a  fairly  short  range,  i.e.  informaNon  is  received  primarily  from   non-­‐linear  and   systems immediate  neighbours  ...  This  does  not  preclude  wide  ranging  influence  -­‐  since  interacNon  is   rich,  the  route  from  one  element  to  any  other  can  usually  be  covered  in  a  few  steps.  As  a  result   rich   The   the  influence  gets  modulated  along  the  way. (vi)  There  are  loops  in  the  interacNons.  The  effect  of  any  acNvity  can  feed  back  onto  itself,   interacNons   someNmes  directly,  someNmes  aVer  a  number  of  intervening  stages.  This  feedback  can  be   posiNve  ...  or  negaNve...  recurrency. can  also  be   interacNons   (vii)  Complex  systems  are  usually  open  systems...  it  is  oVen  difficult  to  define  the  border  of  a   complex  system  ...  the  scope  ...  is  ...  determined  by  the  purpose  of  the  descrip.on  of  the   thought  of  as  the   system,  and  is  ...  influenced  by  the  posiNon  of  the  observer...  framing. have  a  short   (viii)  Complex  systems  operate  under  condiNons  far  from  from  equilibrium.  ...  Equilibrium  is   range  and  wide   transference  of   another  word  for  death. (xi)  Complex  systems  have  a  history.  Not  only  do  they  evolve  through  Nme,  but  their  past  is  co-­‐ responsible  for  their  present  behaviour. ranging   informa.on influence   (x)  Each  element  in  the  system  is  ignorant  of  the  behaviour  of  the  system  as  a  whole. Complexity  &Postmodernism,  Paul  Cilliers,  1998
  • 16. many   Complex   (i)  Complex  systems  consist  of  a  large  number  of  elements  ...  convenNonal  means  ...  cease  to   assist  in  any  understanding  of  the  system. elements   systems   (ii)  In  order  to  consNtute  a  complex  system,  the  elements  have  to  interact,  and  this  interacNon   Complex   must  be  dynamic.  The  interacNons  do  not  have  to  be  physical;  they  can  also  be  thought  of  as   interact   the  transference  of  informa.on. systems  are   have  a   (iii)  The  interacNon  is  fairly  rich  ...  The  behaviour  of  the  system,  however,  is  not  determined  by   the  exact  amount  of  interacNons. dynamically,   usually  open   (iv)  ...  interacNons  are  non-­‐linear  ... history (v)  The  interacNons  usually  have  a  fairly  short  range,  i.e.  informaNon  is  received  primarily  from   non-­‐linear  and   systems immediate  neighbours  ...  This  does  not  preclude  wide  ranging  influence  -­‐  since  interacNon  is   rich,  the  route  from  one  element  to  any  other  can  usually  be  covered  in  a  few  steps.  As  a  result   rich   The   the  influence  gets  modulated  along  the  way. (vi)  There  are  loops  in  the  interacNons.  The  effect  of  any  acNvity  can  feed  back  onto  itself,   interacNons   someNmes  directly,  someNmes  aVer  a  number  of  intervening  stages.  This  feedback  can  be   posiNve  ...  or  negaNve...  recurrency. can  also  be   interacNons   (vii)  Complex  systems  are  usually  open  systems...  it  is  oVen  difficult  to  define  the  border  of  a   complex  system  ...  the  scope  ...  is  ...  determined  by  the  purpose  of  the  descrip.on  of  the   thought  of  as  the   system,  and  is  ...  influenced  by  the  posiNon  of  the  observer...  framing. have  a  short   (viii)  Complex  systems  operate  under  condiNons  far  from  from  equilibrium.  ...  Equilibrium  is   range  and  wide   There   transference  of   another  word  for  death. (xi)  Complex  systems  have  a  history.  Not  only  do  they  evolve  through  Nme,  but  their  past  is  co-­‐ ranging   are  loops  in   responsible  for  their  present  behaviour. informa.on influence   (x)  Each  element  in  the  system  is  ignorant  of  the  behaviour  of  the  system  as  a  whole. the  interacNons Complexity  &Postmodernism,  Paul  Cilliers,  1998
  • 17. many   Complex   (i)  Complex  systems  consist  of  a  large  number  of  elements  ...  convenNonal  means  ...  cease  to   assist  in  any  understanding  of  the  system. elements   systems   (ii)  In  order  to  consNtute  a  complex  system,  the  elements  have  to  interact,  and  this  interacNon   Complex   must  be  dynamic.  The  interacNons  do  not  have  to  be  physical;  they  can  also  be  thought  of  as   interact   the  transference  of  informa.on. systems  are   have  a   (iii)  The  interacNon  is  fairly  rich  ...  The  behaviour  of  the  system,  however,  is  not  determined  by   the  exact  amount  of  interacNons. dynamically,   usually  open   (iv)  ...  interacNons  are  non-­‐linear  ... history (v)  The  interacNons  usually  have  a  fairly  short  range,  i.e.  informaNon  is  received  primarily  from   non-­‐linear  and   systems immediate  neighbours  ...  This  does  not  preclude  wide  ranging  influence  -­‐  since  interacNon  is   rich,  the  route  from  one  element  to  any  other  can  usually  be  covered  in  a  few  steps.  As  a  result   rich   Complex   The   the  influence  gets  modulated  along  the  way. (vi)  There  are  loops  in  the  interacNons.  The  effect  of  any  acNvity  can  feed  back  onto  itself,   Systems   interacNons   someNmes  directly,  someNmes  aVer  a  number  of  intervening  stages.  This  feedback  can  be   posiNve  ...  or  negaNve...  recurrency. operate  far  from   can  also  be   interacNons   (vii)  Complex  systems  are  usually  open  systems...  it  is  oVen  difficult  to  define  the  border  of  a   equilibrium complex  system  ...  the  scope  ...  is  ...  determined  by  the  purpose  of  the  descrip.on  of  the   thought  of  as  the   system,  and  is  ...  influenced  by  the  posiNon  of  the  observer...  framing. have  a  short   (viii)  Complex  systems  operate  under  condiNons  far  from  from  equilibrium.  ...  Equilibrium  is   range  and  wide   There   transference  of   another  word  for  death. (xi)  Complex  systems  have  a  history.  Not  only  do  they  evolve  through  Nme,  but  their  past  is  co-­‐ ranging   are  loops  in   responsible  for  their  present  behaviour. informa.on influence   (x)  Each  element  in  the  system  is  ignorant  of  the  behaviour  of  the  system  as  a  whole. the  interacNons Complexity  &Postmodernism,  Paul  Cilliers,  1998
  • 18. many   Complex   (i)  Complex  systems  consist  of  a  large  number  of  elements  ...  convenNonal  means  ...  cease  to   assist  in  any  understanding  of  the  system. elements   systems   (ii)  In  order  to  consNtute  a  complex  system,  the  elements  have  to  interact,  and  this  interacNon   Complex   must  be  dynamic.  The  interacNons  do  not  have  to  be  physical;  they  can  also  be  thought  of  as   interact   the  transference  of  informa.on. systems  are   have  a   (iii)  The  interacNon  is  fairly  rich  ...  The  behaviour  of  the  system,  however,  is  not  determined  by   the  exact  amount  of  interacNons. dynamically,   usually  open   (iv)  ...  interacNons  are  non-­‐linear  ... history Each   (v)  The  interacNons  usually  have  a  fairly  short  range,  i.e.  informaNon  is  received  primarily  from   non-­‐linear  and   systems immediate  neighbours  ...  This  does  not  preclude  wide  ranging  influence  -­‐  since  interacNon  is   rich,  the  route  from  one  element  to  any  other  can  usually  be  covered  in  a  in  tsteps.  As  a  result   element   few   he   rich   Complex   The   the  influence  gets  modulated  along  the  way. system  is  ignorant   (vi)  There  are  loops  in  the  interacNons.  The  effect  of  any  acNvity  can  feed  back  onto  itself,   Systems   interacNons   of  the  behaviour  of   someNmes  directly,  someNmes  aVer  a  number  of  intervening  stages.  This  feedback  can  be   posiNve  ...  or  negaNve...  recurrency. operate  far  from   (vii)  Complex  systems  are  usually  open  systems...  it  is  oVen  difficult  to  define  the  aorder  of  a   the  system  as   b   can  also  be   interacNons   whole equilibrium complex  system  ...  the  scope  ...  is  ...  determined  by  the  purpose  of  the  descrip.on  of  the   thought  of  as  the   system,  and  is  ...  influenced  by  the  posiNon  of  the  observer...  framing. have  a  short   (viii)  Complex  systems  operate  under  condiNons  far  from  from  equilibrium.  ...  Equilibrium  is   range  and  wide   There   transference  of   another  word  for  death. (xi)  Complex  systems  have  a  history.  Not  only  do  they  evolve  through  Nme,  but  their  past  is  co-­‐ ranging   are  loops  in   responsible  for  their  present  behaviour. informa.on influence   (x)  Each  element  in  the  system  is  ignorant  of  the  behaviour  of  the  system  as  a  whole. the  interacNons Complexity  &Postmodernism,  Paul  Cilliers,  1998
  • 19. many   Complex   (i)  Complex  systems  consist  of  a  large  number  of  elements  ...  convenNonal  means  ...  cease  to   assist  in  any  understanding  of  the  system. elements   systems   (ii)  In  order  to  consNtute  a  complex  system,  the  elements  have  to  interact,  and  this  interacNon   Complex   must  be  dynamic.  The  interacNons  do  not  have  to  be  physical;  they  can  also  be  thought  of  as   interact   the  transference  of  informa.on. systems  are   have  a   (iii)  The  interacNon  is  fairly  rich  ...  The  behaviour  of  the  system,  however,  is  not  determined  by   the  exact  amount  of  interacNons. dynamically,   usually  open   (iv)  ...  interacNons  are  non-­‐linear  ... history Each   (v)  The  interacNons  usually  have  a  fairly  short  range,  i.e.  informaNon  is  received  primarily  from   non-­‐linear  and   systems immediate  neighbours  ...  This  does  not  preclude  wide  ranging  influence  -­‐  since  interacNon  is   What   rich,  the  route  from  one  element  to  any  other  can  usually  be  covered  in  a  in  tsteps.  As  a  result   element   few   he   rich   concrete   Complex   The   the  influence  gets  modulated  along  the  way. system  is  ignorant   (vi)  There  are  loops  in  the  interacNons.  The  effect  of  any  acNvity  can  feed  back  onto  itself,   someNmes  directly,  of   examples   someNmes  aVer  a  number  of  intervening  he  behaviour  oan  be   Systems   interacNons   of  t stages.  This  feedback  c f   complex  systems   posiNve  ...  or  negaNve...  recurrency. operate  far  from   (vii)  Complex  systems  are  usually  open  systems...  it  is  oVen  difficult  to  define  the  aorder  of  a   the  system  as   b   can  also  be   interacNons   complex  system  ...  the  of   ...  is  ...  determined  by  the  purpose  of  the  descrip.on  of  the   can  you  think  scope   whole equilibrium thought  of  as  the   system,  and  is  ...  influenced  by  the  posiNon  of  the  observer...  framing. NOW? have  a  short   (viii)  Complex  systems  operate  under  condiNons  far  from  from  equilibrium.  ...  Equilibrium  is   range  and  wide   There   transference  of   another  word  for  death. (xi)  Complex  systems  have  a  history.  Not  only  do  they  evolve  through  Nme,  but  their  past  is  co-­‐ ranging   are  loops  in   responsible  for  their  present  behaviour. informa.on influence   (x)  Each  element  in  the  system  is  ignorant  of  the  behaviour  of  the  system  as  a  whole. the  interacNons Complexity  &Postmodernism,  Paul  Cilliers,  1998
  • 20. Brains,  bacteria,  immune  systems,  the  Internet,   countries,  gardens,  ciLes,  beehives… They’re  all  complex  adapLve  systems.
  • 21. A  team  is  a  complex  adapLve  system  (CAS),   because  it  consists  of  parts  (people)  that  form  a   system  (team),  which  shows  complex  behavior   while  it  keeps  adap.ng  to  a  changing   environment.
  • 22. Chaos   is  any  state   of  confusion  or   disorder,  randomness,   a  lack  of  intelligible   pattern  or   combination hVp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaos
  • 23. Süddeutsche  Zeitung,  Nr.  176,  1.  August  2012  
  • 24. Kitty Kraus, People’s Choice Prize at the Hamburgerbahnhof 2011
  • 25. The  Nunchaku  Bruce  Lee  vs  Danny  Inosanto,  "Game  of  Death"  (1978)
  • 26. Once  there  was  a  software  business  with unhappy  customers
  • 27. Customer  satisfaction  was  low  because  of  low quality  and  productivity
  • 28. Quality  and  productivity  were  low  because  there  was lack  of  skills  and  discipline
  • 29. Customer  dissatisfaction  increased pressure  on  teams
  • 30. Stress  at  work  meant no  time  for education
  • 31. No  education  meant no  skills  and no  discipline
  • 32. Customer  pressure  led  to unhappy  teams
  • 33. Lack  of  skills  and  unhappy  customers  added  to decreasing motivation
  • 34. Decreased motivation added  to decreasing productivity
  • 35. We  call  this  a Causal  Loop  Diagram (Some  call  it  a Diagram  of  Effects)
  • 36. It  shows  the  business  suffered  from vicious  cycles
  • 37. And  not  just  one,  but many
  • 39. They  tried  to  support improvement  while cutting  budgets
  • 40. Meanwhile,  technological  pressure  was  increasing And  due  to  the  crisis,  economic  pressure  also  went  up
  • 41. Needless  to  say,  this  business  was DOOMED
  • 42. Grow   Structure Prinzessinnengärten  Berlin  
  • 43. „...organizaNons   which  design   systems  ...  are  constrained   to  produce  designs  which   are  copies  of  the  com-­‐ municaNon  structures  of   these  organizaNons.“   Conway’s  law
  • 45.
  • 46. Misfit by Thomas Grünfeld
  • 47. Agile   Agile  Team   Startup  
  • 48. Step  1:  Product "The  minimum  plan   necessary  to  start  a   Scrum  project  consists  of   a  vision  and  a  Product   Backlog"
  • 49. Step  1:  Product   Co-­‐Create  the  Team   Vision  and  iniNal   Product  Backlog  with  the   Product  Owners
  • 50. Step   2:  Journey  Lines   fosters  self-­‐organizaNon   and  cross-­‐funcNonal   behavior  because  it  reveals  a   person’s  skills,  experiences,   background.  This  way,  the  rest   of  the  team  knows  what   this  person  “brings  to   the  party.”   Journey Lines by Lyssa Adkins
  • 51. Step  3:  Grow   Structure Co-­‐Design  the  team-­‐ structure  and  decide  who  is   in  which  team,  agree  on  the   roles  and  what  the  teams   want  to  achieve   together. Meddlers Game by Jurgen Appelo (Management 3.0)
  • 52. Step  3:  Grow   Structure Choose  team  members   according  to  interest  in   the  main  feature  area(s)   and  who  wants  to   work  together Meddlers Game by Jurgen Appelo (Management 3.0)
  • 53. Step  3:  Grow   Structure Decide  on  structure  for   first  teams  in  fish  bowl hVp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fishbowl_(conversaLon)
  • 54. Complexity Thinking 1. Address  complexity  with  complexity 2. Use  a  diversity  of  perspecNves 3. Assume  dependence  on  context 4. Assume  subjecNvity  and  coevoluNon 5. AnNcipate,  adapt,  explore 6. Develop  models  in  collaboraNon 7. Shorten  the  feedback  cycle 8. Steal  and  tweak
  • 55. Start Complexity   Doing When Faith Moves Mountains by Francis Alÿs
  • 56. For  a  book  list  and  references  write  an  e-­‐mail  to  stefan.haas@haaslab.net  or   contact  me  on  twiher  @haaslab