1. Your Questions About Bonds
John asks…
How are hydrogen bonds different from covalent bonds?
Hydrogen bonds are weaker than covalent bonds and form between partially charged atoms or
molecules.
The atoms in hydrogen bonds have valence electrons; the atoms in covalent bonds have
valence spaces.
The compounds that result from hydrogen bonds contain carbon; those that result from
covalent bonds do not.
Covalent bonds are organic; hydrogen bonds are inorganic.
Steve Winston answers:
The answer to your question is "Hydrogen bonds are weaker than covalent bonds and form
between partially charged atoms or molecules" ...
Hope this helps!!!
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2. James asks…
How do you count pi bonds on ring structures?
My teacher has given us several ring compounds and we have to determine the number of pi
bonds. One ring has two double bonds and within the ring there are an oxygen with two lone
pairs and a nitrogen with one lone pair. Oxygen is attached by single bonds on the ring while
nitrogen is a attached by one single bond and one double bond. Does that make any sense? So
its a cyclopentene but two of the carbons have been switched out with an oxygen and a
nitrogen. Please HELP!
Steve Winston answers:
Using Valence Bond Theory:
-Single bond = 1 sigma bond
-Double bond = 1 sigma bond + 1 pi bond
-Triple bond = 1 sigma bond + 2 pi bonds
So the compound you are describing has 2 pi bond.
Hope this helps
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3. Joseph asks…
What is the order in which bonds break during denaturation of
enzymes?
When enzymes are heated, their bonds break and their polypeptide chain unfolds.. The bonds
occuring in enzymes are: hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, disulphide bonds and hydrophobic
interactions.
Can someone tell me the order in which these break?
Steve Winston answers:
Hydrophobic interactions 1st because they are weakest.
Hydrogens bonds next
ionic bonds 3rd
disulfide bonds are covalent & won't break during heat denaturation. They need a reducing
agent like beta-mercaptoethanol to break them.
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