The document discusses the history and current state of Angola. It summarizes that Angola was colonized by Portugal for 400 years and gained independence in 1975, which was followed by a devastating 27-year civil war. The civil war displaced many rural farmers and damaged farmlands, leading people to migrate to cities like Luanda for safety. Luanda now has a large population living in informal slum settlements with poor living conditions. There are efforts underway to build new social housing and improve infrastructure using revenues from Angola's oil industry, but these have been criticized and some slum evictions have involved violence.

1. Colonized under Portuguese rule for 400 years
- independence 1975

2. Devastating civil war lasting 27 years
- ended 2002

3. BEFORE THE WAR, MOST PEOPLE SUPPORTED
THEMSELVES BY SMALL-SCALE FARMING

4. RURAL AREAS AND FARMLAND ARE MANY PLACES
LEFT USELESS, LITTERED BY LAND MINES.
IN THE INLANDS, BIG AREAS OF FORMER
FARMLANDS ALSO SUFFERS FROM DEGRADATION
OF THE FERTILE SOILS

5. People migrating to the capital as a result of the civil war
- the larger towns and cities were more safe

6. Luandas muceques
80 % of the urban population

7. Luandas baixa
20 % of the urban population

8. Massive construction boom as a result of oil revenues

9. Luanda Luanda
FORMAL RESIDENTS INFORMAL RESIDENTS
20% 80%

10. UN Habitat’s Executive Director Anna Tibaijuka called upon President dos
Santos to allocate 10% of Angola’s oil income to upgrading vital social services
such as housing, plumbing, clean water and electricity and praised Angola’s
stated commitment toward a slum revitalization program. Approximately 85% of
Angolans live in slum conditions surrounding major cities.
In April 2009, Angola announced the creation of a special fund to build one
million houses over the next four years. Three months later in July, three
thousand families were forcibly evicted from the Luanda neighborhoods of Iraque
and Bagdad, utterly demolishing homes and possessions.
“Armed police, soldiers and presidential guards arrived in both neighbourhoods at
3am on 20 July and ordered people out of their homes before bulldozers began
to demolish the houses. The residents stood and watched as their homes were
being demolished. Some of those who tried to stop the demolitions were beaten.”
Since 2001, Amnesty International has documented the forcible eviction of more
than 10,000 persons from slum dwellings in Angola, often accompanied by
violence including police indiscriminately firing their weapons and beating women
and children.
Source: Amnesty International

11. 1,000,000 houses to be built by 2012 - is to inculde social housing for the poor
- has been critisized as being million dollar houses

12. Big-scale
new social housing projects

13. “We face neither East nor West;
We face forward”
Kwame Nkrumah

14. Today’s railways

15. Proposed railways

16. Today’s railways reflecting the colonial time’s utilization and exportation of resources.
The proposed railway grid reflects A.U.s visions of a more united continent.

17. Luanda Railway
Benguela Railway
Mocamedes Railway

18. VEGETATION
BROADLEAF EVERGREEN FOREST
UNDIFFERENTIATED GRASSLAND AND WOODLAND
DECIDUOUS FOREST AND GRASS
GRASSLAND
SAVANNA
BRUSH
DESERT

19. Luanda - rapid growth in population and size
1980 - 19,42 Km2
1989 - 100,80 Km2
1998 - 253,27 Km2
2000 - 270,05 Km2
2010 - 350,00 Km2

20. “We have very little time,
so we have to move slowly“
Kwame Nkrumah

21. The country continues to face
massive developmental challenges
including reducing the dependency
on oil and diversifying the economy,
rebuilding its infrastructure, improving
institutional capacity, governance,
public financial management systems,
human development indicators and
the living conditions of the population.
(World Bank)

22. LUANDA TENTANG
LUANDA MUCEQUES
VIANA
BAIA
CATETE
ZENZA DO ITOMBE
CASSULALA
NDALAHUI
LUINHA
CONHOCA
and the 16 railway stops along the way
Rehabiliting the 480 km long CFL railway
LUCALA
N’DALATANDO
KIZENGA
CAMBUZE
CACUSO
LOMBE
COMBOLO
MELANJE

23. NEW RAILWAY STATIONS
ARE POPPING UP
ALONG THE
CFL RAILLINE

24. WORKING ON BOTH TOP-DOWN
AND BOTTOM-UP-STRATEGIES.
A SUSTAINABLE SOLUTION
DEPENDS ON THE BOTTOM-UP
PERSPECTIVES’ INFLUENCE ON
THE TOP-DOWN STRATEGIES.

25. THE URBAN CORRIDOR (Luanda)
DIFFUSE SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT (Railway potential)

26. CELL DIVISION
Second core

27. Working in the transition zone in Luanda,
from urban corridor towards a ‘diffuse’ development.

28. LUANDA TENTANG
MACRO
ZENZA DO ITOMBE
N’DALATANDO
MELANJE
CASSULALA
COMBOLO
NDALAHUI
CONHOCA
CAMBUZE
KIZENGA
LUANDA
CACUSO
LUCALA
LUINHA
CATETE
LOMBE
VIANA
BAIA
African Union’s work towards a more united continent Raillines as a part of this program
Potential new development
MEZO
Work towards inclusiveness and community Node thinking in Luanda’s outer areas and growth zones
Mezoscale identity
MICRO
Participation in process Railway station as local generator