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PUBLIC HEALTH CARE
Total Marks 100
Instructions : Answer any 5 questions. Each question carries 20 Marks.
1. Define Healthcare. Describe in details levels of healthcare and its importance in healthcare
services in India.
Answer : Definition
The Institute of Medicine defines healthcare quality as the extent to which health services provided
to individuals and patient populations improve desired health outcomes. The care should be based
on the strongest clinical evidence and provided in a technically and culturally competent manner
with good communication and shared decision making.
Total quality is best defined as an attitude, an orientation that permeates an entire organization, and
the way in which that organization performs its internal and external business. People who work in
organizations dedicated to the concept of total
2. Define Epidemiology, Describe in detail types of epidemiological studies.
Answer : WHAT IS EPIDEMIOLOGY?
Epidemiology is the study of the distribution of diseases in populations and of the factors that affect
this distribution, or in other words epidemiology is the study of how often diseases occur in different
groups of people and why.
Epidemiology has played a vital role in identifying and quantifying the health risks of cigarette
smoking and exposure to agents such as asbestos.
WHAT CAN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES TELL US?
3. Explain Demographic profile on India along with Health problem inIndia.
Answer :
4. Describe in detail Waste Disposal.

2. Answer : Medical waste can sometimes contain infectious pathogens that can be dangerous to
hospital workers and, to a lesser degree, the general public.
History
Hospitals, doctors, labs and other sectors of the medical industry have always generated waste.
Before 1988, medical waste was not regulated. In some cases, it was incinerated. In other cases, it
was thrown out with normal garbage. After medical waste washed up on a number of U.S. beaches,
Congress enacted the Medical Waste Tracking Act in
5. Elaborate the food safety issues including laws, investigation &preventions.
Answer : food safety issues :
In addition to the proposed weakening of the labeling requirements for irradiated food, the U.S.
Food & Drug Administration’s (FDA) rule would also severely limit labeling by requiring companies to
label irradiated food only when the radiation treatment causes a ‘material change’ to the product.
Examples include changes to the taste, texture, smell or shelf life of a food. Published research on
irradiated foods reveals that irradiation does change, and can actually ruin, the flavor, odor,
appearance and texture of food. Such research repeatedly finds that irradiated foods smell rotten,
metallic, bloody, burnt, grassy and generally
6. Enumerate the concept of Bio-medical waste Management.
Answer : INTRODUCTION
Biomedical waste management has recently emerged as an issue of major concern not only to
hospitals, nursing home authorities but also to the environment. the bio-medical wastes generated
from health care units depend upon a number of factors such as waste management methods, type
of health care units, occupancy of healthcare units, specialization of healthcare units, ratio of
reusable items in use, availability of infrastructure and resources etc.
The proper management of biomedical waste has become a worldwide humanitarian topic today.
Although hazards of poor management of biomedical waste have aroused the concern world over,
especially in the light of its far-reaching effects on human, health and the environment.
Now it is a well established fact that there are many
7. Short notes on any two.
a) Disease control
b) World population Trends.
c) Radiation Effects.
d) Medical measures in Prevention of Occupational Hazards.
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