1. Anaerobic respiration
(s) explain why the theoretical maximum yield of ATP per molecule of
glucose is rarely, if ever, achieved in aerobic respiration;
(t) explain why anaerobic respiration produces a much lower yield of
ATP than aerobic respiration;
(u) compare and contrast anaerobic respiration in mammals and in
yeast;

2. Sweet, Dry and Fortified Wine

4. Some protons leak
across the
mitochondrial
membrane, reducing
the number of
protons to generate
the proton motive
force
Some ATP is used for
the shuttle to bring
Hydrogen from
reduced NAD made
during glycolysis, in
the cytoplasm, into
the mitochondria
Some ATP produced
is used to actively
transport pyruvate
into the
mitochondria

5. Anaerobic respiration…
• Lactic fermentation
• Alcohol / ethanoic fermentation

7. LACTATE
FERMENTATION:
Pyruvate is reduced
to lactate
Red NAD used to
produce ATP
ALCOHOLIC
FERMENTATION:
Pyruvate is
decarboxylated and
dehydrogenated to
ethanol

9. Summary test…
In the absence of oxygen neither the Krebs cycle or (1) can
take place, leaving only glycolysis as a source of ATP. To
allow glycolysis to continue, the hydrogen attached to (2)
must be removed. In microorganisms such as (3) this is
achieved by first removing (4) from pyruvate to form
ethanal and then reducing it with hydrogen to form (5) in a
process called (6) fermentation. Animals use a different
form of fermentation in which pyruvate accepts hydrogen to
form (7). Anaerobic respiration yields far less energy with
only a total of (8) ATP being made from each glucose
molecule as opposed to a total of (9) ATP in aerobic
respiration. When immediate supplies of carbohydrates
such as (10) stored in the liver have been used up, organisms
will release energy by first metabolising (11) and then as a
last resort (12).