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Rama Setu: many perspectives ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Perspectives ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object]
Computer simulation: Ram Setu saved coastline from tsunami on Dec. 26, 2004
A volcanic canyon west of Rama Setu, 1 m to 3000 m slope Location map. Inset: bathymetry map of the Gulf of Mannar (reproduced from Murty et al., 1994)  http://www.Setusamudram.in/htmdocs/Articles/cp_rajendran_2.htm
Canyon below the ocean? Question of stability of  any channel on this slope. ,[object Object],[object Object]
Heatflow in  Rama Setu  100 to 180 milliwatt per sq. m. comparable to Himalayan hotsprings Will dredging in the area activate these heat zones? This question has to be answered by a multi-disciplinary team.
Mannar Volcanic rocks 100 m. old in Gulf of Mannar, making Rama Setu an ancient formation
Bore-hole locations on Rama Setu ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Valmiki ramayana, Sarga 21, Yuddhakandam Describes Rama’s victory over the ocean; he releases the arrow which makes a volcano erupt, resulting in a tsunami. This episode is validated by the heatflow map of Bharatam in the Rama Setu region.
Geological, archaeological evidence:  Dept. of Earth Sciences (March 2007)   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Authentic Digital Images of  Sri Rama Sethu  From NASA Image eXchange  < http://nix.ksc.nasa.gov> ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Ancient-Bridge  =  ‘Adam’s Bridge’  =  Sri Rama Sethu
Evidence from ISRO and NASA websites ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Thorium/titanium placer deposits due to churning action of ocean currents, with Rama Setu acting like a sieve or cyclotron  ,[object Object]
Importance of Thorium for Bharat ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Oceanography ,[object Object]
Tsunami effect: 2,60,000 lives lost Destruction of Aceh island, damage in beaches north of Chennai and Nagapattinam Sea-bed has risen by about 200 m. in some regions 2/3 of the aquatic life and corals devastated in the Biosphere Reserve/Marine National Parks
Next tsunami through channel route will destroy Kerala and Tamilnadu coastline : tsunami energy will funnel through as Ram Setu barrier is dented. This serious consequence should be evaluated by a multi-disciplinary team as recommended by Rameswaram Judge. Be prepared for a probable next tsunami. Geoscientific investigations on the active convergence zone between the east Eurasian and Indo-Australian Plates along Indonesia (GINCO I) FSSONNE cruise SO-137 Fault-lines and earthquake zones  http://www.bgr.de/b322/grafik/ginco_fig1_k.png   Indian plate dynamically moves northwards @6 cm. per year resulting in plate tectonics (e.g Bhuj earthquake, Aceh quake).
Prof. Tad S. Murthy’s views  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
History ,[object Object]
Rama Setu:  ancient monument of international importance, whether man-made or natural ; even a stone or a cave or a river is a monument under the 1958 Act. Madras HC in their order on 19 June 2007 confirmed the reality of Rama Setu as a bridge and as a monument, citing petitioners’ evidences; the court also asked why an alignment which does not touch Rama Setu cannot be chosen. From Setu to Himachalam defines the sovereign Bharatam according to the Suvey of India logo since 1767. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Malabar Bowen map (1747) drawn by Netherlands shows Ramarcoil I (that is, Rama temple).
Map drawn by Joseph Parks, Australian Botanical explorer (1788) shows  Ramar Bridge  (Map in Sarasvati Mahal Lib., Thanjavur), the map Hon’ble TR Baalu saw ! ,[object Object]
Setu, Setubandha Rameswaram Hampi inscription of Krishnadevaraya Saka 1430 (1508 CE) in  Epigraphica Indica  refers to Rama Setu ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Religious and cultural sites, 8th-12th centuries  http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object =071   Schwartzberg Atlas , p. 34.
Islamic expansion and changing Western views of South Asia, 7th-12th centuries  (Al-Biruni’s record)  http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object =070  Schwartzberg Atlas , v. , p. 33.
Puranic India (Bharata)  http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object =064  Schwartzberg Atlas , v. , p. 27.
( ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Research report ,[object Object]
Hon’ble Mu. Karunanidhi cites evidence for Rama Setu, there is also evidence from Sangam literature ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Ancient texts ,[object Object]
‘ setu’ in all bharatiya languages means ‘man-made bund’ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Archaeology, Heritage ,[object Object]
Setubandha ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Kilakkarai and other places produce s’ankha, a cultural symbol venerated in Bharatiya traditions (West Bengal Dev. Corpn. In Kilakarai has an annual turnover of Rs. 100 crores to procure s’ankha
Ancient Setu (Aryachakravarti) coins of Jaffna, 13 th  century and Parantaka Chola copper plate (10 th  cent.) (Nagaswamy R. 1979.  Thiruttani and Velanjeri Copper Plates . State Dept. Of Archaeology, Tamilnadu. Madras. See: L’Hernault F. 1978.  L’Iconographie de Subrahmanya au Tamilnad , Institut Francais d’ Indologie. Pondichery, p.111, ph. 63.) The copper plates indicate that Aparajitavarman went to Setutirtha. Setupati coinage, 16 th  and 17 th  century Obverse: Sri Ganapati, seated.Reverse, in Tamil, Se-Tu-Pa-(Ti missing). Tamil script.
S’ankha is unique to Bharatam coastline, not found anywhere else in the world Date of the woman’s burial with ornaments  6500 Years Before Common Era.   Wide shell-bangle and shell ornaments
8,500 year-old S’ankha industry, Gulf of Mannar S’ankha industry thrives in Kilakkarai (Rs. 100 crore annual turnover); s’ankha kr.s’aana (S’ankha cutter) mentioned in Rigveda, Atharvaveda Wide bangle made from a single conch shell and carved with a chevron motif, Harappa; marine shell,  Turbinella pyrum   (After Fig. 7.44, Kenoyer, 1998) National Museum, Karachi. 54.3554. HM 13828. Seven shell bangles from burial of an elderly woman, Harappa; worn on the left arm; three on the upper arm and four on the forearm; 6.3 X 5.7 cm to 8x9 cm marine shell,  Turbinella pyrum   (After Fig. 7.43, Kenoyer, 1998) Harappa museum. H87-635 to 637; 676 to 679.
Prambananan (Brahmavana), Indonesia
Rama Setu in sculptures (9th and 10th centuries CE) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Geopolitics ,[object Object]
Fast track Sethusamudram Channel Project (SSCP), violating HISTORIC WATERS status under the UN Law of the Sea (1958):  1. US Navy operational directive, 23 June 2005:  2. Chairman TCPT replies to PMO 30 June 2005 ;  3. Inauguration of SSCP 2 July 2005.  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Society, environment ,[object Object]
Impact on the livelihood of  coastal people ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Save marine wealth: Vegetarian sea-cow, green turtle ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Religion ,[object Object]
Traditions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Monument of national and international importance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Only Bharatam coastline produces s’ankha
Nautical ,[object Object]
Project location
Sir AR Mudaliar Committee Report 1956:  Choose  canal , NOT mid-ocean  channel passage ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Serious consequences of Alignment route 6, suddenly chosen, cutting through Rama Setu, ignores other expert committee-recommended options. Why was Alignment 4 abandoned which was considered the best choice?  http://sethusamudram.gov.in
Setusamudram Channel Passage – current alignment
Nightmare ship salvage operation if Setusamudram is aligned as a mid-ocean channel passage ,[object Object],[object Object]
Does the project make nautical sense? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Build tsunami protection walls as part of any canal project: example, tsunami wall in Japan
Legal ,[object Object]
Madras High Court Order Ramanathapuram Court Order ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Non-declaration of Ram Setu as national monument  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Rama Setu should be deemed to be a world heritage site Rama Setu (Adam's bridge) is a sacred monument. NEERI has failed to take this fact into account before suggesting the new channel passage route. Many monuments in India have also been declared as World Heritage Sites by UNESCO. Some examples of such declaration: http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1138  Coiba National Park and its Special Zone of Marine Protection in Panama  http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/653   Tubbataha Reef Marine Park in the Philippines http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/898  Kvarken Archipelago / High Coast in Sweden/Finland http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/369  Giant's causeway and Causeway coast in UK http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/154  Great Barrier Reef in Australia http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/764  Belize Barrier Reef Reserve System in Belize http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/80  Mont St. Michel and its bay in France http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/672  Ha Long Bay in Vietnam http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/306  Matobo Hills in Zimbabwe Rama Setu (or Nala Setu) should be declared as such a World Heritage Site.  Here's how a US court deals with desiccation of a sacred mountain in USA: http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/nation/20070312-1046-environment-navajos.html U.S. court backs Indian tribe on sacred mountain 
Eminent Jurists’ views ,[object Object],[object Object]
Why Rama Setu should be saved? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Appeal ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Ramasetu By Chaitanya

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  • 2.
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  • 4. Computer simulation: Ram Setu saved coastline from tsunami on Dec. 26, 2004
  • 5. A volcanic canyon west of Rama Setu, 1 m to 3000 m slope Location map. Inset: bathymetry map of the Gulf of Mannar (reproduced from Murty et al., 1994) http://www.Setusamudram.in/htmdocs/Articles/cp_rajendran_2.htm
  • 6.
  • 7. Heatflow in Rama Setu 100 to 180 milliwatt per sq. m. comparable to Himalayan hotsprings Will dredging in the area activate these heat zones? This question has to be answered by a multi-disciplinary team.
  • 8. Mannar Volcanic rocks 100 m. old in Gulf of Mannar, making Rama Setu an ancient formation
  • 9.
  • 10. Valmiki ramayana, Sarga 21, Yuddhakandam Describes Rama’s victory over the ocean; he releases the arrow which makes a volcano erupt, resulting in a tsunami. This episode is validated by the heatflow map of Bharatam in the Rama Setu region.
  • 11.
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  • 17. Tsunami effect: 2,60,000 lives lost Destruction of Aceh island, damage in beaches north of Chennai and Nagapattinam Sea-bed has risen by about 200 m. in some regions 2/3 of the aquatic life and corals devastated in the Biosphere Reserve/Marine National Parks
  • 18. Next tsunami through channel route will destroy Kerala and Tamilnadu coastline : tsunami energy will funnel through as Ram Setu barrier is dented. This serious consequence should be evaluated by a multi-disciplinary team as recommended by Rameswaram Judge. Be prepared for a probable next tsunami. Geoscientific investigations on the active convergence zone between the east Eurasian and Indo-Australian Plates along Indonesia (GINCO I) FSSONNE cruise SO-137 Fault-lines and earthquake zones http://www.bgr.de/b322/grafik/ginco_fig1_k.png Indian plate dynamically moves northwards @6 cm. per year resulting in plate tectonics (e.g Bhuj earthquake, Aceh quake).
  • 19.
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  • 21.
  • 22. Malabar Bowen map (1747) drawn by Netherlands shows Ramarcoil I (that is, Rama temple).
  • 23.
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  • 25. Religious and cultural sites, 8th-12th centuries http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object =071 Schwartzberg Atlas , p. 34.
  • 26. Islamic expansion and changing Western views of South Asia, 7th-12th centuries (Al-Biruni’s record) http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object =070 Schwartzberg Atlas , v. , p. 33.
  • 27. Puranic India (Bharata) http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object =064 Schwartzberg Atlas , v. , p. 27.
  • 28.
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  • 35. Kilakkarai and other places produce s’ankha, a cultural symbol venerated in Bharatiya traditions (West Bengal Dev. Corpn. In Kilakarai has an annual turnover of Rs. 100 crores to procure s’ankha
  • 36. Ancient Setu (Aryachakravarti) coins of Jaffna, 13 th century and Parantaka Chola copper plate (10 th cent.) (Nagaswamy R. 1979. Thiruttani and Velanjeri Copper Plates . State Dept. Of Archaeology, Tamilnadu. Madras. See: L’Hernault F. 1978. L’Iconographie de Subrahmanya au Tamilnad , Institut Francais d’ Indologie. Pondichery, p.111, ph. 63.) The copper plates indicate that Aparajitavarman went to Setutirtha. Setupati coinage, 16 th and 17 th century Obverse: Sri Ganapati, seated.Reverse, in Tamil, Se-Tu-Pa-(Ti missing). Tamil script.
  • 37. S’ankha is unique to Bharatam coastline, not found anywhere else in the world Date of the woman’s burial with ornaments 6500 Years Before Common Era. Wide shell-bangle and shell ornaments
  • 38. 8,500 year-old S’ankha industry, Gulf of Mannar S’ankha industry thrives in Kilakkarai (Rs. 100 crore annual turnover); s’ankha kr.s’aana (S’ankha cutter) mentioned in Rigveda, Atharvaveda Wide bangle made from a single conch shell and carved with a chevron motif, Harappa; marine shell, Turbinella pyrum (After Fig. 7.44, Kenoyer, 1998) National Museum, Karachi. 54.3554. HM 13828. Seven shell bangles from burial of an elderly woman, Harappa; worn on the left arm; three on the upper arm and four on the forearm; 6.3 X 5.7 cm to 8x9 cm marine shell, Turbinella pyrum (After Fig. 7.43, Kenoyer, 1998) Harappa museum. H87-635 to 637; 676 to 679.
  • 40.
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  • 49. Only Bharatam coastline produces s’ankha
  • 50.
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  • 53. Serious consequences of Alignment route 6, suddenly chosen, cutting through Rama Setu, ignores other expert committee-recommended options. Why was Alignment 4 abandoned which was considered the best choice? http://sethusamudram.gov.in
  • 54. Setusamudram Channel Passage – current alignment
  • 55.
  • 56.
  • 57. Build tsunami protection walls as part of any canal project: example, tsunami wall in Japan
  • 58.
  • 59.
  • 60.
  • 61. Rama Setu should be deemed to be a world heritage site Rama Setu (Adam's bridge) is a sacred monument. NEERI has failed to take this fact into account before suggesting the new channel passage route. Many monuments in India have also been declared as World Heritage Sites by UNESCO. Some examples of such declaration: http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1138 Coiba National Park and its Special Zone of Marine Protection in Panama http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/653 Tubbataha Reef Marine Park in the Philippines http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/898 Kvarken Archipelago / High Coast in Sweden/Finland http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/369 Giant's causeway and Causeway coast in UK http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/154 Great Barrier Reef in Australia http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/764 Belize Barrier Reef Reserve System in Belize http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/80 Mont St. Michel and its bay in France http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/672 Ha Long Bay in Vietnam http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/306 Matobo Hills in Zimbabwe Rama Setu (or Nala Setu) should be declared as such a World Heritage Site. Here's how a US court deals with desiccation of a sacred mountain in USA: http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/nation/20070312-1046-environment-navajos.html U.S. court backs Indian tribe on sacred mountain 
  • 62.
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  • 65.