3. Early Human Migration to 10,000
years ago
http://www.classzone.com/cz/books/ms_wh_survey/g
et_chapter_group.htm?cin=1&ci=1&rg=map_center&at
=animated_maps&var=animated_maps
4. Studying History and Early Humans
Why do people study history and try to learn more
about the past?
To find out about ancestors and more about themselves
http://www.classzone.com/cz/books/ms_wh_survey/p
age_build.htm?id=resources/jsp/starting_with_a_stor
y/starting_with_a_story_ch1
5. Why Study History
What has happened to a person, a family, or society in
the past may affect what will occur in the future
More than recounting and studying past events
Involves: studying society’s culture, religion, politics,
and economics
Historians try to find patterns and see past through
eyes of people who lived it
6. Primary and Secondary Sources
Evidence used to answer Historians questions
Primary Source: something written or created by a
person who witnessed a historical event
Military records, marriage certificates, diaries, and
private letters
Artifacts: buildings, works of art, tools
Oral History: made up of verbal or unwritten accounts
of events
includes stories, customs, and songs
7. Secondary Source: a work produces about a historical
event by someone who was not actually there
Newspapers, books, and paintings
Oral History
8. Why History Changes
Historians might use different evidence
Steps:
Evidence is examined and trustworthy evidence is
sorted.
Evidence is interpreted: articles, books, and museum
displays
Interpretations can be conflicting
Discovery of new evidence may lead to new conclusions
9. Early Humans Were Hunter-
Gatherers
Hunted animals and gathered plants for food
Moved to new locations when food ran out
10. Adapting to the Environment
Depended on Environment for shelter
Lived in caves, rock shelters, made shelters out of tree
branches, plant fibers or skins of animals
Lived together in bands
Made up of several families (30 people)
Men: hunted and fished
Women: gathered foods and cared for children
11. Early Humans on the Move
Hunter-gatherers were nomads: people who move
from place to place
Movement limited; returned to same places with
changing seasons
Some moved to new lands
Migration: the act of moving from one place to settle in
another
Migration
People followed animals to hunt
13,000 B.C. had migrated to much of world
Traveled across a land bridge connecting Siberia and Alaska
12. Developing Tools and Culture
Technology: ways in which people apply knowledge, tools,
and inventions to meet their needs.
The Development of Technology
2 million years ago Stone tools for cutting
Carrying bags, stone hand axes, awls, drills, bows, flint
spearheads, metal tools
Tools used for: building shelter, hunting and butchering
animals
The Use of Fire
500,000 years ago: learned to make fire
Provided heat and light (could cook food)
Used to temper tools made of metal
13. Early Human Culture
Art, language, and religion are unique to humans
Language: develop out of need to communicate
Religion: the worship of God, gods, or spirits
Early Humans: everything in nature had a spirit
Early Art: created in caves or on rocks
14. The Beginnings of Agriculture
8,000 B.C.
Learned to grow plants and raise animals
Climate Changes
Rising temps caused glaciers to melt
Humans could move into new areas
Growing seasons became longer
Domesticated : (humans learned to grown and breed the
grasses ) wild grasses
15. The Domestication of Animals
Learned to capture and tame animals
Captured animals provided constant source of food
9,000 B.C.
1st animals domesticated
Reliable food source, clothing, and other products
Made tools from bones
Horses, llamas, and camels used for transportation
Dogs domesticated to help in hunts
16. The Agricultural Revolution
Development of farming
Agriculture: planting of seeds to raise crops
Ag. Revolution
Shift from food gathering to food raising
Began around 8,000 B.C.
Brought changes in tools and technology
People made hoes, plows and sickles
More food available allowed for increases in population and
better opportunities to settle in one place