The Civil War divided both the North and South as not all supported the war or reasons for fighting. In the South, only half of Georgia supported secession and North Carolina held many peace protests. While wealthy plantation regions strongly backed the Confederacy, poor rural areas were less supportive. States' rights debates caused divisions around issues like conscription. The Emancipation Proclamation and draft laws were also unpopular with some. Throughout the war, dissent groups in both the North and South sought to disrupt it through actions like aiding desertion or prisoners. The war had huge social and economic impacts, with new roles for women, the end of slavery, inflation, shortages and changing industry in the North and South.

1. The Civil War and American Life

2.  Nation divided as well as divisions in the
North & South
 Northerners: some did not support the war or
want to restore the Union
 Southerners: some did not support a war to
defend slavery or secession

3.  Georgia
 Only half supported secession
 North Carolina
 Held nearly 100 peace protests
 Supplied second most number of troops to
Confederate army
 Regions w/ large plantations supported the more
stronger than poor black country regions
 States’ Rights
 Created divisions
 Objections to officers from other states leading
troops
 Objection to Confederate government forcing men to
do military service

4.  Many opposed the Emancipation
Proclamation
 Others believed South had a right to secede
 Northern Democrats
 Blamed Lincoln & Republicans of forcing the
South into War
 Called Copperheads; strongest in Ohio, Indiana, &
Illinois; criticized the war & called for peace

5.  People on both sides tried to disrupt the war
 Tried to encourage soldiers to desert
 Helped prisoners of war escape
 Southern peace groups worked against the
Confederacy
 Tried to prevent men from volunteering for military
service
 Habeas Corpus suspended
 Lincoln & Jefferson Davis suspended Habeas Corpus in
some places (constitutional protection against
unlawful imprisonment)
 Empowered judges to determine if prisoners were being
legally held
 13,000 people in the North were arrested and jailed
without trials

6.  April 1862
 South: men aged 18-35 & later to 50 were drafted into
the army
 March 1863
 North: U.S. Congress created a military draft
 Draft laws
 Incomplete & discriminatory
 Could hire a substitute to avoid service
 Could buy out by paying the government $300.00
 Critics began calling the Civil War “a rich man’s war and
a poor man’s fight”
 Southern governors helped their citizens evade the draft
 July 1863
 Riots took place in New York City to show opposition to
the draft

7.  Bounty, or lump sum, of $1,500 was paid for
a 3-year enlistment
 This led to the practice of bounty jumping
 A man would enlist, collect his bounty and then
desert, only to reenlist somewhere else

8.  Northern Industries
 boomed during the war; turned out goods Union needed
 Draft did drain away workers
 August 1861
 Congress levied 1st income tax in history
 Union printed $400 million of paper money
 Pay for expenses
 1st federal paper money printed
 Led to inflation; prices of goods in raised 80% during the war in
the North
 South
 Less able to sustain war
 Union blockade prevented ability to raise money
 Shortages made goods more expensive
 Led to greater inflation than in the North
 $18 shoes now cost $800
 Food production fell as Union armies destroyed farmland &
crops
 Led to riots for food, cloth, & shoes

9.  400 women disguised as men fought in the war
 Became spies
 Took over businesses, farms, plantations for men
who were fighting in the war
 Some women in the South worked the field to meet
the needs of workers
 Work in factories
 Became teachers & nurses
 Barriers to women fell
 Elizabeth Blackwell became 1st female physician
 Dorothea Dix became head of Union army nurses
 Harriet Tubman continued to lead enslaved people to
freedom
 Clara Barton cared for wounded soldiers on the
battlefield