The document summarizes the origins and early history of ancient Rome. It describes how Rome was founded by Romulus around 753 BC and established on Palatine Hill. Over subsequent centuries, Rome grew from a city to a large empire through expansion across the Italian peninsula and defeating Carthage in the Punic Wars. The early Roman Republic established a tripartite government consisting of legislative, judicial, and executive branches to govern the growing city-state.

1. The Beginnings of Rome
Ancient Rome began with the overthrow of foreign Kings in 503
B. C. But romans like to say the history of their city began at
753 B. C.

2. The Founding of Rome
The legend keeps going with the twins Romulus and
Remus the descendants of Aeneas who founded
Rome. Their mother abandoned them, but they were
saved by a wolf. When the twins grew up they fought
over Rome’s location so Romulus killed his brother
Remus and traced Rome’s location around Palatine
hill. After Romulus a series of Roman kings ruled the
city. In the 600s B. C. the Etruscans from northern
Italy conquered Rome. In order to regain self-rule the
romans overthrew the Etruscans King.

3. Romes Geography and Early Life
 Over throw of Estrucans
 Rome grew from a city to a country, and
eventually into an empire

4. Hills and Rivers
 1st settlers of Rome were Latin
 They built Rome on seven steep hills
 They chose Rome for it’s mild
climate, good farmland, and strategic
location
 Located a short distance from the
Mediterranean Sea on ancient trade
routes, it also lay next to the Tiber
River, an important resource

5. Italian Peninsula
 Location on Italian Peninsula played
important role in development
 The 2 main mountain ranges of Italy
helped protect Rome
 The Alps border Italy on the North and
the Apennies form Italy’s spine
 Italy also had big plains that were good
farming

6. Farm Life
 Roman farmers planted
wheat, barley, beans, vegetables, and
fruit.
 They later planted olives and grapes.
 They raised pigs, goats, sheep, and
chickens.
 They used oxen to pull their plows.
 Most Roman farmers lived in simple
homes of mud or timber.

7. Farm Life
 Most Roman farmers lived in simple homes
of mud or timber.
 Had little furniture.
 Lived with grandparents, aunts&
uncles, nieces& nephews, or cousins.
 They had to obey the orders they got.

8. Rise of the Republic
• Rome developed into 2 classes the
Patricians and the Plebeians
• There was a conflict between the two
classes; when the conflict ended it defined
the citizens rights
○ They used this system for 500 years to keep the people under control

9. • Patricians were wealthy land
owners that had seats in the gov’t
• Upper class
• Plebeians were commoners that
had the right to vote but didn’t have
gov’t seats
• Lower class
• The Twelve Tables was a system
made around 450b.c. to establish
basic rights and duties
• Made by patricians

10. The leaders of
the Roman
republic
established a
tripartite
government.

11. The type of government has
three branches
legislative
judicial
executive

12. Types and what they do
Legislative: makes laws
Judicial: interprets law in court
Executive: enforces a country’s laws

13. Legislative branch included the senate and the assemblies

14. The senate
 Was made up of 300  Judicial branch
members that advise consisted of eight
Roman leaders. judges they served for
 Most senators were one year.
patricians.  They oversaw the
 The assemblies were courts and governed
made up of plebeians. the provinces.
 Their representatives  2 consuls led Rome’s
protected the rights of executive branch.
plebeian.  For 1 year they
commanded the army
and the directed the
government.

15. Going on
each consul had the power to veto or overrule the
other.
In times of crisis the consuls could choose a
dictator – a leader with absolute power.

16. The republic expands
 For hundred of years after the founding of the
republic, Rome expanded it territories.
 By the 300s B.C., the Romans dominated central
Italy.
 By 275 B.C., all of the and the Italian Peninsula
was under Roman control.
 Rome did not impose harsh rule on conquered
peoples.
 The republic offered Roman citizenship to most of
them and allowed them to govern themselves.
 In return , the new citizens had to pay taxes and
provide soldiers for the Roman army.

17. 264 B.C
• Rome needed soldiers to fight in Punic wars
• These were a series of 3 wars with Carthage, a rich trading city in North Africa
• Rome won all of the wars and almost lost the second
• Hannibal, a general from Carthage, crossed the Alphas with a hard of
elephants and nearly captured Rome
• The Roman general Scipio devised a plan to attack Carthage
• The plan forced Hannibal to return to Africa to defend his native city
202 B.C
• At Zama near Carthage, Romans defeated Hannibal
• 146 B.C
• 3 Punic war Rome laid siege to Carthage
• Rome captured and destroyed the city and set it on fire and its 50,000
inhabitants sold into slavery
• Then made a Roman province

18.  Romans brought great wealth and slaves
 They bought large estates and farmed them with slaves
 But because many small farmers couldn’t compete, they lost
their farms
 Unemployment and poverty increased
 The gap between rich and poor grew wider

19.  Romans brought great wealth and slaves
 They bought large estates and farmed them with slaves
 But because many small farmers couldn’t compete, they lost their
farms
 Unemployment and poverty increased
 The gap between rich and poor grew wider