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SAP Overview
SAP?

• Company

• ERP Software package
  – R/2
  – R/3
Why ERP

• Integration

• Best business practices

• Standardization
Why not ERP?

• Complexity

• Cost

• Inflexibility
SAP R/3 System Business Modules


Logistical                       Sales &
                               Distribution
                                                       Financial
                                                      Accounting
                                                                                        Financial
                        Materials
                         Mgmt.                                  Controlling


             Production                                                  Fixed Assets
              Planning                                                      Mgmt.

                                              R/3
                                        Client / Server
              Quality
              Mgmt.
                                           ABAP/4                             Project
                                                                              System

                       Plant
                    Maintenance                                   Workflow


                                 Human                    Industry
                                Resources                 Solutions
R/3 System: Hardware/Software Views
Typical Client Server Architectures

                       Presentation   Application   Database

    Central System

          Two - tier
Distributed System

          Two - tier
      Client/Server

        Three - tier
      Client/Server

         Multi-layer
       Cooperative
      Client/Server
R/3 System Configurations                                        SAP
 Central System    2-Tier Configuration     3-Tier Configuration      Web-enabled




                                                Presentation
                       Presentation

                                                                Internet
                                                                Transaction
                                                                Service/Web
                                                 Application
                                                                Service


 Database,
 Application,
                       Database and               Database
 Presentation          Application



In a central R/3 System configuration, one host is responsible for all processing
tasks.
R/3 System Configurations                                           SAP
Central Systems     2-Tier Configuration       3-Tier Configuration      Web-enabled




                                                  Presentation
                        Presentation

                                                                   Internet
                                                                   Transaction
                                                                   Service/Web
                                                    Application
                                                                   Service


 Database,
 Application,
                         Database and                Database
 Presentation            Application


Two‑ tier R/3 System configurations are usually implemented using special
presentation servers that are responsible solely for formatting the graphical interface.
Many R/3 System users use PCs with Microsoft Windows ‑installed, for example, as
presentation servers.
R/3 System Configurations                                            SAP
Central Systems      2-Tier Configuration      3-Tier Configuration      Web-enabled




                                                   Presentation
                        Presentation

                                                                   Internet
                                                                   Transaction
                                                                   Service/Web
                                                    Application
                                                                   Service


 Database,
 Application,
                         Database and                Database
 Presentation            Application


An alternative two‑tier configuration is to install powerful desktop systems and to use
these for presentation and applications (two‑tier client/server). This type of
configuration is particularly useful for expensive applications (such as simulations) or
for software developers.
R/3 System Configurations                                         SAP
Central Systems     2-Tier Configuration     3-Tier Configuration      Web-enabled




                                                 Presentation
                       Presentation

                                                                 Internet
                                                                 Transaction
                                                                 Service/Web
                                                  Application
                                                                 Service


 Database,
 Application,
                        Database and               Database
 Presentation           Application

In a three‑ tier configuration, you use your own host for the three tiers. Using data
from the database server, several different application servers can operate at the same
time. To ensure that the load on individual servers is as even as possible and to
achieve optimal performance, you can use special application servers for individual
application areas such as sales planning, distribution or financial accounting.
R/3 System Configurations                                          SAP
 Central Systems     2-Tier Configuration      3-Tier Configuration     Web-enabled




                                                  Presentation
                        Presentation

                                                                  Internet
                                                                  Transaction
                                                                  Service/Web
                                                   Application
                                                                  Service


  Database,
  Application,
                         Database and               Database
  Presentation           Application


To web‑ enable the SAP Applications, a Web Server and an ITS (Internet Transaction
Server) are needed. The web‑service and the services for the ITS can run on one
server or on two dedicated servers. The presentation in this configuration is provided
by an Internet Browser. The new SAP Web platform is NetWeaver.
Basis System: Three-Tier Computer Hierarchy
                                                                     Central Database
                                                                     (Storage of all data)


               Access to Dataase:
               (Read / Write data)



                                                          Database

Input / Output
of data to users


                                                                     Processing of data
                                     Application                     using application logic




                                                   Presentation of the
                                                   processed data to
               Presentation                        the user
Client/Server Overview
                             Server


         LAN/WAN

              TCP / IP



Client
Client/Server Overview (Logical Structure)

                                   Server
              Data Storage


              Application
                Logic

     Client




                    Presentation
What does an R/3 Database Contain?
         R/3
         System




        database
                   Client   Client    Client



                      Customizing Objects

                      Repository Objects

                        Global Settings    R




 © AG
  SAP
What is a Client?

      “A client is an autonomous unit in the R/3 System with
      regard to commercial law, organization, and data.”



                                                 user r
                                             r          ec
                                       Maste     user a ords
                                User                   uthori
                                                              zation

      Client                                      client-
                                          ng             de
                                    omizi         custom pendent
                                Cust                      i z i ng d
                                                                    ata


                                            n     transa
                                    licatio
                                                        cti
                                                  maste on data
                                App                    r data
                                                                   R




 © SAP AG
Common Client Roles


  CUST   Development &       Configuring of client settings and
         Customizing         creation of new functionality




  QTST
         Quality Assurance   Functionality testing and
                             verification of configuration



         Production          Productive activities and business
  PROD
                             data
Additional Client Roles


   SAND
          Sandbox          Sampling of customizing
                           transactions and settings



   TEST
          Test             Testing of configuration settings
                           with data



   TRNG   Training         End-user customer training
                           environment



   PPRD   Pre-production   Configured environment for the
                           load of legacy data prior to the
                           start of productive activities
Sample SAP System Landscape

Development          Testing             Production


          Database
           Servers




                           Application
                            Servers



      Presentation
        Servers
Object Migration
              Corrections and Transport
Development           QA Testing          Production


Program A             Program A           Program A

  Table A              Table A             Table A

Screen A              Screen A            Screen A
Object Migration
                    Corrections
  Development           and        QA Testing
                     Transport

Program A
Program A                             Program A
                                      Program A
Version 1
 Version 1                            Version 1
                                       Version 1
                        ?
  Program A
  Program A                       Program A
                                  Program A
  Version 2
   Version 2                      Version 2
                                   Version 2
                        ?
Program A
Program A                            Program A
                                     Program A
Version 3
 Version 3                           Version 3
                                      Version 3


   Originals
Geography-based Clients

                  America
                  America    Client 010
                             Client 010

                  Europe
                  Europe     Client 020
                             Client 020

                  Japan
                  Japan     Client 030
                            Client 030


              R/3
             Europe

  R/3                                      R/3
America                                   Japan
Client Copies
 Configuration



 Development

                       Quality Assurance
Interface Testing

                         User Training
ERP: Integration

Integrate people, data and business
  processes within and between
  organizations.

Collaboration, non-redundancy, consistency
 and internal process optimization.
Procurement Process
                                                 Outline
                                                 Agreement
                Purchase                         Scheduling
               Requisition    Vendor             Agreement
  Demand




Accounts                                          Purchase
Payable                      Goods Receipt         Order
            Invoice
           Verification      & Inventory Mgmt.
Production Process


         Schedule/Release


Goods Issue                     Shop Floor




   Order Settlement   Goods Receipt
Sales Process — Trading Goods



   Customer Order     Picking   Packing




Accounts Receivable   Billing   Goods Issue
Sales Process Finished Goods


                  Availability
                  Check
                                   Goods Issue
Customer Order




Final Payment    Partial Payment      Billing
Sales Process Finished Goods


                           Availability Check
                             - Insufficient -
                                                   Independent
Customer Order
                                                     Demand




               Dependent     MRP Run
               Demand
                                                Production
                                                Scheduling
  Purchasing
Process Flow


Goods Issue                             Goods
                        Production      Receipt
to Shop Floor




  Accounts Receivable         Billing       Goods Issue
Logging In



• Basics
Client
• This is a numeric field.
• This number defines a whole business
  entity.
User

• Every SAP user has a user name.

• Users of SAP system are client-specific,
  which means that having a user
  identification on one client will only allow
  access to that particular client.
Password Rules
•   Letters
•   Numbers
•   Easy to remember
•   3-8 Characters long
•   No 3 Characters can be the same
•   Do not start with a ? or an !
•   Do not use previous 5 passwords
Language

• SAP supports multi-national character sets
  and languages on the same system, at the
  same time.

• Default languages are English and
  German.
Field Types
• There are three types of Entry Fields

  – Required
  – Default entry
  – Optional entry field
Sessions

• An SAP session is a window in which the
  user may perform a particular task.

• A User may have up to nine sessions
  open at one time.
SAP R/3 Resource Management: The Dispatcher


Presentation

                                                      SAP GUI

                                                Communications
Application
                         Dispatcher



                Work       Work        Work          Buffers
               Process    Process     Process



Data base
SAP R/3 Resource Management: Data Flow


Presentation                        SAP GUI
                                    SAP GUI
                   Terminal
                   Process
               1
               1                7
                                7
Application                            2                   Request queues
                                       2                   Request queues
                   Dispatcher
               3
               3
                                6
                                6          SAP Memory Buffer
                                           SAP Memory Buffer
                                                    Roll
                    Work
                   Process                          Page

               4
               4
                                5
                                5
Data base                       Relational database system
                                Relational database system
SAP R/3 Resource Management: Work Processes

                                       A
                                       A
                                                                  B
                                                                  B
                                                                      Message
                           Dialog            Update                    Sold to party: C100       Sold to party: C100
                                                                        Item Material Qty         Item Material Qty
                                                                         10   6301     10          10   6301     10
                                                                         20   6412     10          20   6412     10
                                                                         30   1507     25          30   1507     25
                                                                                 Order                     Order


                                                                       Sold to party: C100
                                                                                             M   Sold to party: C100
                                                                        Item Material Qty         Item Material Qty
                                                                         10   6301     10          10   6301     10
                                                                         20   6412     10          20   6412     10
                                                                         30   1507     25          30   1507     25
                                                                                 Order                     Order




 Background Jobs                                        Enqueue
                                       SAP Dispatcher
                                                                                             C
                                                                                             C
                                                                      Gateway
               1999


               1      2    3    4
5    6    7    8      9    10   11
12
19
26
     13
     20
     27
          14
          21
          28
               15
               22
               29
                      16
                      23
                      30
                           17
                           24
                           31
                                18
                                25   Spool
                                                                                                        R/3
                                                                                             G
                                                                       R/2
SAP R/3 Resource Management:
Lock Management by the Enqueue Work Process

  Instance A


           Dispatcher                  Message
                                        Server
      Work          Work
     Process       Process
                                 Instance B
     Update        Enqueue

                                        Dispatcher

                 Lock table in
                                   Work           Work
                                  Process        Process

                 main storage      Update        Enqueue
SAP R/3 Resource Management: R/3 Instance

Database
Database                                              Instance Profiles
                                                       Instance Profiles
Instance
 Instance            Message
                     Message        SAP
                                     SAP                 (parameters)
                                                          (parameters)
                      Server
                      Server       Gateway
                                   Gateway

                             Dispatcher


                                              Back-
     Dialog   ....     Update      Spool              Enqueue
                                             ground


                         SAP Buffers
                         SAP Buffers
                                                           ce
                                                   In stan
                     Start
                     Start                 Central
                      or
                      or
                     Stop
                     Stop
SAP R/3 Resource Management: Distributed SAP R/3 Processing


Instance 03                                                           Instance 02

               Dispatcher                               Dispatcher


                Back-
     Dialog              Enqueue              Enqueue    Dialog      ...
               ground




                                                                      Instance 01

                    Dispatcher
                                              Mess-                  Gate-
                                               age                   way
      Dialog    Update      Enqueue   Spool
Reporting
• Three basic steps to running a report

  – Access the report
  – Enter selection criteria
  – Execute the report
System Messages
 E - Error
   – An invalid entry has been made.
   – The cursor moves to the field where the
   error has occurred.
 W - Warning
   – A possible error has been made.
   –The user can continue without changing.
I – Information
   – Feedback from the system.
Customizing - Modeling the Business


 – Organizational Structures in each module
 – Master Data - Customers, Materials, …
 – Rules - required entries, tolerances, …
Mapping
– Assignment of organizational structures
  to reflect the enterprise model

– Establishes integration among modules

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SAP Overview

  • 2. SAP? • Company • ERP Software package – R/2 – R/3
  • 3. Why ERP • Integration • Best business practices • Standardization
  • 4. Why not ERP? • Complexity • Cost • Inflexibility
  • 5. SAP R/3 System Business Modules Logistical Sales & Distribution Financial Accounting Financial Materials Mgmt. Controlling Production Fixed Assets Planning Mgmt. R/3 Client / Server Quality Mgmt. ABAP/4 Project System Plant Maintenance Workflow Human Industry Resources Solutions
  • 7. Typical Client Server Architectures Presentation Application Database Central System Two - tier Distributed System Two - tier Client/Server Three - tier Client/Server Multi-layer Cooperative Client/Server
  • 8. R/3 System Configurations SAP Central System 2-Tier Configuration 3-Tier Configuration Web-enabled Presentation Presentation Internet Transaction Service/Web Application Service Database, Application, Database and Database Presentation Application In a central R/3 System configuration, one host is responsible for all processing tasks.
  • 9. R/3 System Configurations SAP Central Systems 2-Tier Configuration 3-Tier Configuration Web-enabled Presentation Presentation Internet Transaction Service/Web Application Service Database, Application, Database and Database Presentation Application Two‑ tier R/3 System configurations are usually implemented using special presentation servers that are responsible solely for formatting the graphical interface. Many R/3 System users use PCs with Microsoft Windows ‑installed, for example, as presentation servers.
  • 10. R/3 System Configurations SAP Central Systems 2-Tier Configuration 3-Tier Configuration Web-enabled Presentation Presentation Internet Transaction Service/Web Application Service Database, Application, Database and Database Presentation Application An alternative two‑tier configuration is to install powerful desktop systems and to use these for presentation and applications (two‑tier client/server). This type of configuration is particularly useful for expensive applications (such as simulations) or for software developers.
  • 11. R/3 System Configurations SAP Central Systems 2-Tier Configuration 3-Tier Configuration Web-enabled Presentation Presentation Internet Transaction Service/Web Application Service Database, Application, Database and Database Presentation Application In a three‑ tier configuration, you use your own host for the three tiers. Using data from the database server, several different application servers can operate at the same time. To ensure that the load on individual servers is as even as possible and to achieve optimal performance, you can use special application servers for individual application areas such as sales planning, distribution or financial accounting.
  • 12. R/3 System Configurations SAP Central Systems 2-Tier Configuration 3-Tier Configuration Web-enabled Presentation Presentation Internet Transaction Service/Web Application Service Database, Application, Database and Database Presentation Application To web‑ enable the SAP Applications, a Web Server and an ITS (Internet Transaction Server) are needed. The web‑service and the services for the ITS can run on one server or on two dedicated servers. The presentation in this configuration is provided by an Internet Browser. The new SAP Web platform is NetWeaver.
  • 13. Basis System: Three-Tier Computer Hierarchy Central Database (Storage of all data) Access to Dataase: (Read / Write data) Database Input / Output of data to users Processing of data Application using application logic Presentation of the processed data to Presentation the user
  • 14. Client/Server Overview Server LAN/WAN TCP / IP Client
  • 15. Client/Server Overview (Logical Structure) Server Data Storage Application Logic Client Presentation
  • 16. What does an R/3 Database Contain? R/3 System database Client Client Client Customizing Objects Repository Objects Global Settings R © AG SAP
  • 17. What is a Client? “A client is an autonomous unit in the R/3 System with regard to commercial law, organization, and data.” user r r ec Maste user a ords User uthori zation Client client- ng de omizi custom pendent Cust i z i ng d ata n transa licatio cti maste on data App r data R © SAP AG
  • 18. Common Client Roles CUST Development & Configuring of client settings and Customizing creation of new functionality QTST Quality Assurance Functionality testing and verification of configuration Production Productive activities and business PROD data
  • 19. Additional Client Roles SAND Sandbox Sampling of customizing transactions and settings TEST Test Testing of configuration settings with data TRNG Training End-user customer training environment PPRD Pre-production Configured environment for the load of legacy data prior to the start of productive activities
  • 20. Sample SAP System Landscape Development Testing Production Database Servers Application Servers Presentation Servers
  • 21. Object Migration Corrections and Transport Development QA Testing Production Program A Program A Program A Table A Table A Table A Screen A Screen A Screen A
  • 22. Object Migration Corrections Development and QA Testing Transport Program A Program A Program A Program A Version 1 Version 1 Version 1 Version 1 ? Program A Program A Program A Program A Version 2 Version 2 Version 2 Version 2 ? Program A Program A Program A Program A Version 3 Version 3 Version 3 Version 3 Originals
  • 23. Geography-based Clients America America Client 010 Client 010 Europe Europe Client 020 Client 020 Japan Japan Client 030 Client 030 R/3 Europe R/3 R/3 America Japan
  • 24. Client Copies Configuration Development Quality Assurance Interface Testing User Training
  • 25. ERP: Integration Integrate people, data and business processes within and between organizations. Collaboration, non-redundancy, consistency and internal process optimization.
  • 26. Procurement Process Outline Agreement Purchase Scheduling Requisition Vendor Agreement Demand Accounts Purchase Payable Goods Receipt Order Invoice Verification & Inventory Mgmt.
  • 27. Production Process Schedule/Release Goods Issue Shop Floor Order Settlement Goods Receipt
  • 28. Sales Process — Trading Goods Customer Order Picking Packing Accounts Receivable Billing Goods Issue
  • 29. Sales Process Finished Goods Availability Check Goods Issue Customer Order Final Payment Partial Payment Billing
  • 30. Sales Process Finished Goods Availability Check - Insufficient - Independent Customer Order Demand Dependent MRP Run Demand Production Scheduling Purchasing
  • 31. Process Flow Goods Issue Goods Production Receipt to Shop Floor Accounts Receivable Billing Goods Issue
  • 33. Client • This is a numeric field. • This number defines a whole business entity.
  • 34. User • Every SAP user has a user name. • Users of SAP system are client-specific, which means that having a user identification on one client will only allow access to that particular client.
  • 35. Password Rules • Letters • Numbers • Easy to remember • 3-8 Characters long • No 3 Characters can be the same • Do not start with a ? or an ! • Do not use previous 5 passwords
  • 36. Language • SAP supports multi-national character sets and languages on the same system, at the same time. • Default languages are English and German.
  • 37. Field Types • There are three types of Entry Fields – Required – Default entry – Optional entry field
  • 38. Sessions • An SAP session is a window in which the user may perform a particular task. • A User may have up to nine sessions open at one time.
  • 39. SAP R/3 Resource Management: The Dispatcher Presentation SAP GUI Communications Application Dispatcher Work Work Work Buffers Process Process Process Data base
  • 40. SAP R/3 Resource Management: Data Flow Presentation SAP GUI SAP GUI Terminal Process 1 1 7 7 Application 2 Request queues 2 Request queues Dispatcher 3 3 6 6 SAP Memory Buffer SAP Memory Buffer Roll Work Process Page 4 4 5 5 Data base Relational database system Relational database system
  • 41. SAP R/3 Resource Management: Work Processes A A B B Message Dialog Update Sold to party: C100 Sold to party: C100 Item Material Qty Item Material Qty 10 6301 10 10 6301 10 20 6412 10 20 6412 10 30 1507 25 30 1507 25 Order Order Sold to party: C100 M Sold to party: C100 Item Material Qty Item Material Qty 10 6301 10 10 6301 10 20 6412 10 20 6412 10 30 1507 25 30 1507 25 Order Order Background Jobs Enqueue SAP Dispatcher C C Gateway 1999 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 19 26 13 20 27 14 21 28 15 22 29 16 23 30 17 24 31 18 25 Spool R/3 G R/2
  • 42. SAP R/3 Resource Management: Lock Management by the Enqueue Work Process Instance A Dispatcher Message Server Work Work Process Process Instance B Update Enqueue Dispatcher Lock table in Work Work Process Process main storage Update Enqueue
  • 43. SAP R/3 Resource Management: R/3 Instance Database Database Instance Profiles Instance Profiles Instance Instance Message Message SAP SAP (parameters) (parameters) Server Server Gateway Gateway Dispatcher Back- Dialog .... Update Spool Enqueue ground SAP Buffers SAP Buffers ce In stan Start Start Central or or Stop Stop
  • 44. SAP R/3 Resource Management: Distributed SAP R/3 Processing Instance 03 Instance 02 Dispatcher Dispatcher Back- Dialog Enqueue Enqueue Dialog ... ground Instance 01 Dispatcher Mess- Gate- age way Dialog Update Enqueue Spool
  • 45. Reporting • Three basic steps to running a report – Access the report – Enter selection criteria – Execute the report
  • 46. System Messages  E - Error – An invalid entry has been made. – The cursor moves to the field where the error has occurred.  W - Warning – A possible error has been made. –The user can continue without changing. I – Information – Feedback from the system.
  • 47. Customizing - Modeling the Business – Organizational Structures in each module – Master Data - Customers, Materials, … – Rules - required entries, tolerances, …
  • 48. Mapping – Assignment of organizational structures to reflect the enterprise model – Establishes integration among modules

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. SAP R/3 Technical Configuration An SAP R/3 System can consist of one or more instances (e.g. a central instance or a distributed SAP R/3 System). Multiple instances are represented by the configuration of a database server and one or more application servers. Only one database and dictionary will exist for an SAP R/3 System. Note: with R/4, you can have multiple database instances. To isolate each distinct phase of an implementation, a typical or recommended configuration for an SAP R/3 System implementation will consist of three separate systems: Development: for configuration of SAP applications with user specific data and user development. Quality Assurance Testing: to isolate development from final testing and user training for production. Production: of live business transactions and company data.