Cardiovascular system
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The document provides information about the cardiovascular system. It discusses that the cardiovascular system is composed of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The system circulates blood throughout the body to transport nutrients, oxygen, hormones, and removes waste products. The circulation is divided into systemic circulation from the heart to tissues and back, and pulmonary circulation from the heart to the lungs and back. The document further details the structures and functions of the heart, blood vessels, blood, and discusses diseases associated with the cardiovascular system like hypertension, heart failure, heart attack, angina, and myocardial infarction.
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Cardiovascular system
- 1. WELCOME TO SESSION OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
- 3. Cardiovascular System • It is composed of Heart, Blood vessels and Blood. • The Cardiovascular System effects the circulation of blood around the body, which bring about transport of nutrients, hormones and oxygen to the tissues and the removal of waste products.
- 4. Circulatory System • The Circulatory System is an organ system that passes blood and lymph to and from cells in the body. The Circulatory system as composed of the Cardiovascular System, which distributes blood, and the lymphatic system, which returns excess filtered blood plasma from the interstitial fluid (between cells) as lymph. The Circulation is divided into two parts- 1. General or systemic circulation. 2. Pulmonary circulation.
- 5. The Human Circulatory System
- 6. Systemic circulation Passage of blood from left ventricle to the tissues and from the tissues to right atrium.
- 7. Pulmonary circulation Passege of blood from right ventricle to the lungs and from the lungs to the left atrium.
- 8. Portal circulation A general term denoting the circulation of blood through larger vessels from the capillaries of one organ to those of another; applied to the passage of blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen through the portal vein to the liver.
- 9. Coronary circulation It refers to the movement of blood through the tissues of the heart.
- 10. Passage of Blood Through the Heart • Sequence of blood flow : superior and inferior vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary arteries → lungs → pulmonary veins → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta → to the body.
- 13. Heartbeat animation on a loop or in stages.
- 14. Paths of blood through the Heart
- 16. Circulation Functions of circulation 1. To supply the O2, nutrition, vitamins to the tissues. 2. To carry away different metabolic waste products and CO2 from tissues for elimination. 3. To prevent intravascular coagulation of blood. 4. Helps to maintain thermal balance through out the body. 5. Maintain optimum environment for cellular function.
- 17. It is composed of- a) Heart, b) Blood vessels- Artery, Vein, Capillaries. c) Blood Blood Circulatory System
- 18. Blood Vessels Can be classified in two major types : Artery : Vessels that carry oxygenated blood (except pulmonary artery) is called artery e.g. Aorta, arterioles. Veins : Vessels that carry deoxygenated blood (except pulmonary vein) is called vein e.g. Superior venacava, venules.
- 19. Heart • It is a central pumping organ. It receives and pumps out blood to the whole body. • The Heart placed obliquely 1/3 of it lies to the right side and 2/3 to the left side. • The Heart measure about 12X9 cm & weight about 300gm in male & 250 gm in female.
- 20. Location of the Heart
- 22. Filling of Heart Chambers – the Cardiac Cycle
- 23. Chambers of Heart Upper portion of heart- • Right atrium • Left atrium Lower portion of heart- • Right ventricle • Left ventricle Receiving chambers Distributing chambers
- 24. Septum • The wall separating the left and right ventricles & atrium
- 25. Valves of Heart • The Heart is provided with valves to prevent the backward flow of blood. • There are four main valves- 1.Right atrioventricular valve or Tricuspid valve 1. Left atriventricular valve or Bicuspid valve or Mitral valve 1.Pulmonary valve 2.Aortic valve
- 28. The heart consists of three layers: 1. The Pericardium or outer layer 2. The Myocardium or the middle muscular layer 3. The Endocardium or the inner layer Structures of Heart
- 30. Blood Blood is a specialized fluid connective tissue that circulates through the whole body by the Heart. It forms about one-twentieth of the body weight. So that the average volume is 5-6 liters. Blood = blood cells + plasma
- 32. Components of blood • Human body consists of a solid part(45%) and a fluid part (55%) • The components of Human blood are- 1.Plasma- It is liquid part of blood, which is a solution of protein and salts. 2.Blood cells (Solid part)- a) Red blood cells (RBC) or, Erythrocytes b) White blood cells (WBC) or, Leykocytes c) Platelets or, Thrombocytes
- 33. Functions of Blood 1. Carry oxygen (O2) and carbon-dioxide (CO2) 2. Carry minerals, hormones,waste materials, antibody etc. 3. Temerature control.
- 34. Blood Pressure It is the lateral pressure exerted by the moving blood on the vessel wall while flowing through it. BP = CO X PR BP = Blood Pressure CO = Cardiac output PR = Peripheral resistance
- 35. Normal Blood Pressure : 120 / 80 mm of Hg
- 36. Types of Blood pressure Systolic pressure: It is the maximum pressure during systole. It is about: 100-140 mm of Hg. Average: 120 mm Hg Diastolic pressure: It is the minimum pressure during diastole. It is about: 60-90 mm Hg Average: 80 mm Hg
- 37. Measurement of blood pressure
- 38. Functions of blood pressure It is essential for the flow of blood through the circulatory tree It provides motive force for filtration at the capillary bed which is essential for- • a. Tissue nutrition b. Formation of urine • c. Formation of lymph d. For venous return
- 40. DISEASES Hypertension Hypertension is a clinical condition in which the Blood pressure is chronically elevated. Hypertension is a clinical • Primary or Essential Hypertension • When arterial blood pressure persistently exceeds 150/90 or 160/100 mm of Hg. Its cause is unknown. • Secondary Hypertension • It is due to other diseases, as renal diseases, phaeochromocytoma, by excess secretion of glucocorticoids or aldosterone, by coarctation of aorta.
- 41. HYPERTENSION cont’d Types of Hypertension • Primary or Essential Hypertension When arterial blood pressure persistently exceeds 150/90 or 160/100 mm of Hg. Its cause is unknown. • Secondary Hypertension It is due to other diseases, as renal diseases, phaeochromocytoma, by excess secretion of glucocorticoids or aldosterone, by coarctation of aorta.
- 42. Uncontrolled Hypertension Complications are- 1. Congestive Heart Failure 1. Heart Attack 2. Angina 3. Stroke 4. Effects on Eye 5. Effects on Kidney.
- 43. Heart Failure Heart failure (HF) often called congestive heart failure (CHF) is an inability of the heart to provide sufficient pump action to distribute blood flow to meet the needs of the body.
- 44. Heart Attack A state results from the interruption of blood supply to heart muscle.
- 45. Angina Angina or angina pectoris is a discomfort/pain in the chest and adjacent area due to a transiently inadequate blood supply to the heart.
- 46. Stable angina Stable angina is chest pain or discomfort that often occurs with activity or stress. It is relieved with rest or medicine called Nitroglycerin. Vasospastic angina This type of angina is caused by spasm of the coronary arteries
- 47. Cardiac arrhythmia An abnormal heart rate, rhythm & conduction. Tachycardia Means fast heart rate. Usually more than 100 beat/minute. Bradycardia Means slow heart rate. Usually less than 60 beat/minute.
- 48. Myocardial infarction Death of a segment of heart muscle, which follows interruption of its blood supply.
Notes de l'éditeur
- Animated picture fly in and box out(Intermediate)Tip: For best results when reproducing the picture effect on this slide, you may want to use the Snap objects to other objects feature. To do so, right-click the slide background and then click Grid and Guides. Under Snap to, select Snap objects to other objects.To reproduce the picture effects on this slide, do the following:On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout and then clickBlank. On the Insert tab, in the Images group, click Picture.In the Insert Picture dialog box, select a picture and then click Insert.On the slide, select the picture. Under Picture Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the Size group, click the Size & Position dialog box launcher. In the Format Picture dialog box, resize or crop the image so that the height is set to 4” and the width is set to 5.33”. To crop the picture, click Crop in the left pane, and in the Croppane, under Crop position, enter values into the Left, Right, Top, and Bottom boxes. To resize the picture, click Size in the left pane, and in the Size pane, under Size and rotate, enter values into the Height and Width boxes.On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange,point to Align, and then do the following: Click Align to Slide.Click Align Center.Click Align Middle.On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Rectangles click Rectangle (first option from the left).On the slide, drag to draw a rectangle.Select the rectangle. Under DrawingTools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:In the in the Shape Height box, enter 0.05”.In the Shape Width box, enter 10.3”.Under DrawingTools, on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click the arrow next to Shape Fill, and then click Blue, Accent 1 (first row, fifth option from the left).Under DrawingTools, on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click Shape Effects, point to Preset, and then under Presets, click Preset 8 (second row, fourth option from the left).Select the rectangle. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy, and then click Duplicate.Repeat this process three more times for a total of four rectangles.Drag one of the rectangles until the bottom edge of the rectangle meets the top edge of the picture.Drag another rectangle until the top edge of the rectangle meets the bottom edge of the picture.Press and hold CTRL, and then select the other two rectangles. Under DrawingTools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following: In the Shape Height box, enter 7.8”.In the Shape Width box, enter 0.05”.Drag one of the vertical rectangles until the right edge of the rectangle meets the left edge of the picture.Drag the other vertical rectangle until the left edge of the rectangle meets the right edge of the picture. Press and hold CTRL, and then select both of the horizontal (top and bottom) rectangles. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:Click Align to Slide.Click AlignCenter.Press and hold CTRL, and then select both of the vertical (left and right) rectangles. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:Click Align to Slide.Click AlignMiddle.To reproduce the animation effects on this slide, do the following:Press and hold CTRL, and then select the four rectangles on the slide. On the Animations tab, in the AdvancedAnimation group, click AddAnimation, and then under Entrance click Fly In.On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, do the following:In the Start list, select With Previous.In the Duration box, enter 2.0.On the slide, select the top horizontal rectangle. On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click EffectOptions, and then click FromBottom.On the slide, select the bottom horizontal rectangle. On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click EffectOptions, and then clickFrom Top.On the slide, select the left vertical rectangle. On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click EffectOptions, and then clickFrom Right.On the slide, select the right vertical rectangle. On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click EffectOptions, and then click From Left.On the slide, select the picture. On the Animations tab, in the AdvancedAnimation group, click AddAnimation, and then click More Entrance Effects. In the Add Entrance Effect dialog box, under Basic, click Box, and then click OK.With the picture selected, also on the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click EffectOptions, and then click Out.Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, do the following:In the Start list, select With Previous.In the Duration box, enter 0.7In the Delay box, enter 1.3.Press and hold CTRL, and then select the four rectangles on the slide. On the Animations tab, in the AdvancedAnimation group, click AddAnimation, and then under Exit click Fly Out.Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, do the following:In the Start list, select With Previous.In the Duration box, enter 2.0. Also on the Animations tab, in the AdvancedAnimation group, click AnimationPane. On the slide, select the top horizontal rectangle. In the Animation Pane, select the highlighted fly-out effect. In the Animation group, click EffectOptions, and then click ToBottom. On the slide, select the bottom horizontal rectangle. In the Animation Pane, select the highlighted fly-out effect. In the Animation group, click EffectOptions, and then click To Top.On the slide, select the left vertical rectangle. In the Animation Pane, select the highlighted fly-out effect. In the Animation group, click EffectOptions, and then click To Right.On the slide, select the right vertical rectangle. In the Animation Pane, select the highlighted fly-out effect. In the Animation group, click EffectOptions, and then click To Left.On the slide, select the picture. On the Animations tab, in the AdvancedAnimation group, click AddAnimation, and then click More Exit Effects. In the Add Exit Effect dialog box, under Basic, click Box, and then click OK.In the AnimationPane, select the 10th animation (box exit effect). In the Animation group, click EffectOptions, and then click In.On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, do the following:In the Start list, select WithPreviousIn the Duration box, enter 0.7.To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following:Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Backgrounddialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:In the Type list, select Linear.Click the button next to Direction, and then click Linear Down (first row, second option from the left).Under Gradient stops, click Add gradient stops or Remove gradient stops until two stops appear in the slider.Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops as follows:Select the first stop from left in the slider, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 46%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).Select the second stop from the leftin the slider, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Blue, Accent 1, Lighter 60% (third row, fifth option from the left).