The document summarizes research on various fixed appliances for managing Class II malocclusions:
1) Studies on the Xbow appliance found it resulted in mild maxillary restriction, dental effects of upper incisor palatal tipping and lower incisor labial tipping, and no significant skeletal effects on the mandible.
2) A study comparing the Xbow and Forsus appliances found they produced similar amounts of incisor inclination but the Forsus resulted in greater lower incisor proclination.
3) Research on the Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device (FRD) demonstrated it can effectively camouflage Class II malocclusions through maxillary restriction and dental effects like upper